|
|
| (38 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{drugbox | | {{Details0|Tobramycin (inhalation)}} |
| | IUPAC_name = 4-amino-2-[4,6-diamino-3- [3-amino-6-(aminomethyl) -5-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy- 2-hydroxy-cyclohexoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydropyran-3,5-diol | | {{Details0|Tobramycin (Injection)}} |
| | image = Tobramycin_vector.svg
| | {{Details0|Tobramycin (opthalmic)}} |
| | CAS_number = 32986-56-4
| |
| | ATC_prefix = J01
| |
| | ATC_suffix = GB01
| |
| | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|S01|AA12}}
| |
| | PubChem = 5496
| |
| | DrugBank = APRD00582
| |
| | C=18 | H=37 | N=5 | O=9
| |
| | molecular_weight = 467.515 g/mol
| |
| | bioavailability =
| |
| | protein_bound = < 30%
| |
| | metabolism =
| |
| | elimination_half-life =
| |
| Neonates < 1200 g: 11 hrs; > 1200 g 2-9 hrs
| |
| Adults: 2-3 hours; longer with impaired renal function
| |
| | pregnancy_category = D (Injection, Inhalation); B (Ophthalmic) <small>([[US]])</small>
| |
| | legal_status =
| |
| | routes_of_administration = IV, IM, inhalation, ophthalmic
| |
| }} | |
| {{SI}} | |
| {{EH}}
| |
| | |
| '''Tobramycin sulfate''' is an [[aminoglycoside]] [[antibiotic]] used to treat various types of [[bacterium|bacteria]]l infections, particularly [[Gram-negative]] infections.
| |
| | |
| ==Mechanism of action==
| |
| Tobramycin works by binding to a site on the bacterial [[30S]] and [[50S]] [[ribosome]], preventing formation of the 70S complex. As a result, [[mRNA]] cannot be [[Translation (biology)|translated]] into protein and cell death ensues.
| |
| | |
| ==Administration==
| |
| Like all aminoglycosides, tobramycin does not pass the [[gastro-intestinal tract]], so for [[systemic]] use it can only be given [[Intravenous therapy|intravenously]] or [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscularly]]. This formulation for injection is branded Nebcin®. Patients with [[cystic fibrosis]] will often take an [[inhaler|inhalational]] form (Tobi®) for suppression of ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'' infections. Tobramycin is also combined with [[dexamethasone]] as an [[TobraDex|ophthalmic solution]] (TobraDex®).
| |
| | |
| Bausch & Lomb Pharmaceuticals, Inc. makes a sterile Tobramycin [[Ophthalmology|Ophthalmic]] Solution (eye-drops) with a tobramycin concentration of 0.3%, which is available by prescription only in the United States and Canada. (In some countries, such as Italy, it is available over the counter.) It is mixed with 0.01% [[benzalkonium chloride]] as a preservative. These concentrations result in 3 mg per ml and 0.1 mg per ml, respectively.
| |
| | |
| ==Side effects==
| |
| Like other aminoglycosides, tobramycin can cause [[deafness]] or a loss of [[equilibrioception]] (vertigo) in genetically susceptible individuals. These individuals have a normally harmless mutation in their DNA, that allows the tobramycin to affect their cells. The cells of the [[ear]] are particularly sensitive to this.
| |
| | |
| Tobramycin can also be highly [[nephrotoxic|toxic]] to the [[kidney]]s, particularly if multiple doses accumulate over a course of treatment.
| |
| | |
| For these reasons, when tobramycin is given [[parenteral]]ly, it is usually dosed by [[body weight]]. Various formulae exist for calculating tobramycin dosage. Also serum levels of tobramycin are monitored during treatment.
| |
| | |
| {{AminoglycosideAntiBiotics}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Aminoglycoside antibiotics]]
| |
| | |
| {{SIB}}
| |
| [[fr:Tobramycine]]
| |
| [[pl:Tobramycyna]]
| |
| [[th:โทบรามัยซิน]]
| |
| [[tr:Tobramisin]]
| |
| | |
| {{WH}}
| |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}}
| |