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| __NOTOC__
| | {{Details0|Tobramycin (inhalation)}} |
| {{Tobramycin}} | | {{Details0|Tobramycin (Injection)}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{Details0|Tobramycin (opthalmic)}} |
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Tobramycin''' is an [[aminoglycoside]] [[antibiotic]] derived from [[Streptomyces tenebrarius]] and used to treat various types of [[bacteria]] infections, particularly [[Gram-negative]] infections. It is especially effective against species of [[Pseudomonas]].<ref>{{ cite web | title = Tobramycin | url = http://www.toku-e.com/Upload/Products/PDS/20120515001224.pdf | format = pdf | publisher = Toku-E | date = 2010-01-12 | accessdate = 2012-06-11 }}</ref>
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| ==Category==
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| Aminoglycoside
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| ==US Brand Names==
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| AKTOB<sup>®</sup>, BETHKIS<sup>®</sup>, NEBCIN<sup>®</sup>, TOBI<sup>®</sup>, TOBRAMYCIN<sup>®</sup>, TOBREX<sup>®</sup>, ZYLET<sup>®</sup>
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| ==FDA Package Insert==
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| ''' [[Tobramycin description|Description]]'''
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| '''| [[Tobramycin clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
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| '''| [[Tobramycin microbiology|Microbiology]]'''
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| '''| [[Tobramycin indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
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| '''| [[Tobramycin contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
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| '''| [[Tobramycin warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
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| '''| [[Tobramycin adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
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| '''| [[Tobramycin drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]'''
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| '''| [[Tobramycin overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
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| '''| [[Tobramycin clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]'''
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| '''| [[Tobramycin dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
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| '''| [[Tobramycin how supplied|How Supplied]]'''
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| '''| [[Tobramycin labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''
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| ==Mechanism of Action==
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| Tobramycin works by binding to a site on the bacterial [[30S]] and [[50S]] [[ribosome]], preventing formation of the 70S complex. As a result, [[mRNA]] cannot be [[Translation (biology)|translated]] into protein and cell death ensues. | |
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| ==Administration==
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| Like all aminoglycosides, tobramycin does not pass the [[gastro-intestinal tract]], so for [[systemic]] use it can only be given [[Intravenous therapy|intravenously]] or [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscularly]]. This formulation for injection is branded Nebcin®. Patients with [[cystic fibrosis]] will often take an [[inhaler|inhalational]] form (Tobi®) for suppression of ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'' infections. Tobramycin is also combined with [[dexamethasone]] as an [[TobraDex|ophthalmic solution]] (TobraDex®).
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| Bausch & Lomb Pharmaceuticals, Inc. makes a sterile Tobramycin [[Ophthalmology|Ophthalmic]] Solution (eye-drops) with a tobramycin concentration of 0.3%, which is available by prescription only in the United States and Canada. (In some countries, such as Italy, it is available over the counter.) It is mixed with 0.01% [[benzalkonium chloride]] as a preservative. These concentrations result in 3 mg per ml and 0.1 mg per ml, respectively.
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| ==Side effects==
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| Like other aminoglycosides, tobramycin can cause [[deafness]] or a loss of [[equilibrioception]] (vertigo) in genetically susceptible individuals. These individuals have a normally harmless mutation in their DNA, that allows the tobramycin to affect their cells. The cells of the [[ear]] are particularly sensitive to this.
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| Tobramycin can also be highly [[nephrotoxic|toxic]] to the [[kidney]]s, particularly if multiple doses accumulate over a course of treatment.
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| For these reasons, when tobramycin is given [[parenteral]]ly, it is usually dosed by [[body weight]]. Various formulae exist for calculating tobramycin dosage. Also serum levels of tobramycin are monitored during treatment.
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Antibiotics]]
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| [[Category:Wikinfect]]
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