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| {{drugbox |
| | #REDIRECT[[Miconazole (topical)]] |
| | IUPAC_name = 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2- [(2,4-dichlorophenyl) methoxy]ethyl]imidazole
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| | image = Miconazole.png
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| | CAS_number = 22916-47-8
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| | ATC_prefix = D01
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| | ATC_suffix = AC02
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| | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|A01|AB09}} {{ATC|A07|AC01}} {{ATC|G01|AF04}}
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| | PubChem = 4189
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| | DrugBank = APRD01115
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| | C=18 | H=14 | Cl=4 | N=2 | O=1
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| | molecular_weight = 416.127 g/mol
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| | bioavailability = n/a
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| | metabolism = n/a
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| | elimination_half-life = n/a
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| | excretion = n/a
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| | pregnancy_category =
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| | legal_status =
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| | routes_of_administration = [[topical]]
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| }}
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| {{CMG}}
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| '''Miconazole''' is an [[imidazole]] [[antifungal]] agent, developed by [[Janssen Pharmaceutica]], and commonly applied topically (to the [[skin]]) or [[mucus membranes]] to cure [[fungus|fungal]] infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of [[ergosterol]], a critical component of fungal [[cell membrane]]s. It can also be used against certain species of [[Leishmania]] [[protozoa]] (which are a type of unicellular [[parasite]]), as these also contain ergosterol in their cell membranes. In addition to its antifungal and antiparasitic actions, it also has some limited [[antibacterial]] properties.
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| [http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5461068-description.html United States Patent 5461068] lists the solubilities of Miconazole nitrate powder in water at 0.03%, in ethanol at 0.76%; and in their novel method of using acetic acid to achieve solubilities of up to 4%.
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| Miconazole is also used in [[Ektachrome]] film developing (along with surfactants such as [[Photo-Flo]]) in the final rinse of the [[Kodak]] [[E-6 process]] and similar Fuji [[CR-56 process]], replacing formaldehyde. [[Fuji Hunt]] also includes Miconazole as a final rinse additive in their formulation of the process C-41RA rapid access color negative developing process.
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| ==Indications==
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| Miconazole is mainly used externally for the treatment of [[Athlete's foot]], [[Ringworm]] and [[Jock Itch]]. Internal application is used for [[Wiktionary:oral|oral]] or [[vaginal]] [[thrush]] ([[yeast infection]]). In addition the oral gel may also be used for the lip disorder [[angular cheilitis]].
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| It has an advantage over [[Nystatin]] in the treatment of [[neonatal]] oral thrush in that the latter is only licensed in the UK for those over the age of one month; but note the possibility for drug interactions.
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| ==Side effects==
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| Unlike nystatin, some miconazole is absorbed by the intestinal tract when used orally (and possibly if used vaginally<ref>[[British National Formulary]] '45' March 2003</ref>) which may lead to drug interactions.
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| Of note may be interactions with [[anticoagulant]]s, [[phenytoin]], [[terbinafine]], some newer [[atypical antipsychotics]], [[cyclosporin]] and some [[statin]]s used to treat [[hypercholesterolemia]].
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| ==Formulations==
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| Oral treatment: (brands: Daktarin in UK)
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| *Oral gel 24mg/ml (20mg/g)
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| External skin treatment: (brands: Micatin, Monistat-Derm, Daktarin in UK)
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| *Topical cream: 2%.
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| *Combination: 2% cream with 1% [[hydrocortisone]] (Daktacort in UK)
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| Vaginal treatment: (brands: Monistat, Femizol or Gyno-Daktariin in UK)
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| *Pessaries: 200 mg or 100 mg
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| *Vaginal cream: 2%
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| *Combination: 2% cream with either 100mg or 200 mg pessaries.
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| ==See also==
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| * [[Antifungal drug]]s
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| * [[Cremophor EL]]
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| * [[Castor oil]]
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| * [[E-6 process]]
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| * [[Ektachrome]]
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| ==References==
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| <div class="references-small">{{reflist|2}}</div>
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| ==External links==
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| ===Medical===
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| * [http://www.meds-help.com/miconazole/ Miconazole] (www.meds-help.com)
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| * [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a601203.html Miconazole] (National Institutes of Health)
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| * [http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5461068-description.html United States Patent 5461068] Imidazole derivative tincture and method of manufacture
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| ===Photographic===
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| * [http://www.kodak.com/global/en/service/Zmanuals/z119.shtml Kodak process E6] [[Ektachrome]] (color transparency) processing manual Z-119
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| * [http://www.kodak.com/global/en/service/Zmanuals/z6.shtml Kodak process E6 Q-LAB] processing manual Z-6 (more details than processing manual Z119 above)
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| <br> <br> <br>
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| {{Stomatological preparations}}
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| {{Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory/anti-infective agents}}
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| {{Antifungals}}
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| {{Gynecological anti-infectives and antiseptics}}
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| {{Otologicals}}
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| [[Category:Antifungals]]
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| [[Category:Imidazoles]]
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| [[Category:Photographic film processes]]
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| <br>
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| [[fr:Miconazole]]
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| [[hu:Mikonazol]]
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| [[nl:Miconazol]]
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| [[ru:Миконазол]]
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| {{jb1}}
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WikiDoc Sources}}
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