Airway obstruction causes: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Airway obstruction}}
{{Airway obstruction}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Hilda}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Airway obstruction can be caused by obvious physical obstruction, such as choking or due to a swollen epiglottis in [[epiglottitis]]. It can also be caused by less obvious causes of airway compromise such as [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], [[pneumonia]] and [[pulmonary edema]]. A high index of suspicion needs to be maintained when a person presents with signs of infection and upper airway obstruction, as [[epiglottitis]] and [[peritonsillar abcess]] can cause rapid cardiorespiratory compromise.


==Causes==
==Causes==
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
*[[Adenoid hypertrophy]]
*[[Angioedema]]
*[[Asthma]]
*[[Atelectasis]]
*[[Chemical burns]]
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
*[[Croup]]
*[[Epiglottitis]]
*[[Foreign body]]
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
*[[Laryngomalacia]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Pulmonary edema]]
*[[Subglottic stenosis]]
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Anaphylactic shock ]], [[Aortic arch anomalies]], [[Aortic dissection]], [[Hemangioma]], [[Pulmonary edema]], [[Superior vena cava syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chemical burns]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Hemangioma]], [[Kaposi's sarcoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[ACE inhibitors]], [[Anaphylactic shock ]], [[Angioedema]], [[Levodopa]], [[Penicillin]], [[Sedation]], [[Sodium thiopental]], [[Trovafloxacin mesylate]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adenoid hypertrophy]], [[Croup]], [[Dysphagia]], [[Empty nose syndrome]],  [[Epiglottitis]], Large turbinate, [[Laryngomalacia]], [[Pallister-Hall syndrome]], [[Peritonsillar abscess]], [[Pharyngeal flap surgery]], [[Pierre Robin syndrome]], [[Retropharyngeal abscess]], [[Rhinoplasty]], [[Subglottic stenosis]], Swollen turbinates, Throat cancer, [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyroid Carcinoma]], [[Tonsillectomy]], [[Tracheitis]], [[Tracheomalacia]], [[Tracheotomy]], [[Upper airway obstruction]], [[Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty]], Vocal cord problems
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]], [[Thyroid carcinoma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Foreign body]], Hanging
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Pallister-Hall syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Pallister-Hall syndrome]], [[Pierre Robin syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hemangioma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Rhinoplasty]], [[Tonsillectomy]], [[Tracheotomy]], [[Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bacterial infections]], [[Epiglottitis]], [[Infectious mononucleosis]], [[Kaposi's sarcoma]], [[Peritonsillar abscess]], [[Retropharyngeal abscess]], [[Tracheitis]], [[Viral infections]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Increased neck circumference, [[Pallister-Hall syndrome]], [[Pierre Robin syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Conscious Sedation]], [[Pallister-Hall syndrome]], [[Sedation]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Obesity]], [[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sedation]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspiration]], [[Asthma]], [[Atelectasis]], [[Bronchiectasis]], [[Bronchiolitis obliterans]], [[Chronic airway obstruction]], [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], [[Community-acquired pneumonia]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage]], [[Hospital-acquired pneumonia]], [[Lipid pneumonia]], [[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pulmonary edema]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Allergic reactions]], [[Anaphylactic shock ]], [[Angioedema]], [[Interleukin 13]],  [[Leukotriene]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aortic dissection]], [[Trauma]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes, [[Pallister-Hall syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Smoke burn]]
|-
|}
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
*[[ACE inhibitors]]
*[[ACE inhibitors]]


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*[[Allergic reactions]]
*[[Allergic reactions]]
*[[Anaphylactic shock ]]


*[[Angioedema]]
*[[Angioedema]]


*[[Aortic Arch Anomalies]]
*[[Aortic arch anomalies]]


*[[Aortic Dissection]]
*[[Aortic dissection]]
 
*[[Aspiration]]


*[[Asthma]]
*[[Asthma]]
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*[[Atelectasis]]
*[[Atelectasis]]


*[[Bacterial Infections]]
*[[Bacterial infections]]


*[[Bronchiectasis]]
*[[Bronchiectasis]]
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*[[Chemical burns]]
*[[Chemical burns]]
*[[Choking]]


*[[Chronic airway obstruction]]
*[[Chronic airway obstruction]]


*[[Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]]
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]


*[[Community-acquired pneumonia]]
*[[Community-acquired pneumonia]]


*[[Conscious Sedation]]
*[[Conscious sedation]]


*[[Croup]]
*[[Croup]]
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*[[Empty nose syndrome]]
*[[Empty nose syndrome]]


*[[Epiglotitis]]
*[[Epiglottitis]]


*[[Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage]]
*[[Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage]]


*[[Foreign body]]
*[[Foreign body]]


*[[Gastric bypass surgery]]
*Hanging
 
*[[Hanging]]


*[[Hemangioma]]
*[[Hemangioma]]


*[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia]]
*[[Hospital-acquired pneumonia]]
*Increased neck circumference


*[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
Line 68: Line 219:


*[[Kaposi's sarcoma]]
*[[Kaposi's sarcoma]]
*Large turbinate


*[[Laryngomalacia]]
*[[Laryngomalacia]]
Line 76: Line 229:


*[[Lipid pneumonia]]
*[[Lipid pneumonia]]
*[[Obesity]]


*[[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]]
*[[Obesity hypoventilation syndrome]]
Line 83: Line 238:
*[[Penicillin]]
*[[Penicillin]]


*[[Peritonsillar abscesses]]
*[[Peritonsillar abscess]]


*[[Pharyngeal flap surgery]]
*[[Pharyngeal flap surgery]]
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*[[Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis]]
*[[Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis]]


*[[Retropharyngeal abscesses]]
*[[Retropharyngeal abscess]]


*[[Rhinoplasty]]
*[[Rhinoplasty]]
Line 101: Line 256:
*[[Sedation]]
*[[Sedation]]


*[[Shock (medical)]]
*[[Smoke burn]]
 
*[[Smoke]]


*[[Sodium thiopental]]
*[[Sodium thiopental]]
Line 109: Line 262:
*[[Subglottic stenosis]]
*[[Subglottic stenosis]]


*[[Superior Vena Cava Syndrome]]
*[[Superior vena cava syndrome]]


*[[Throat cancer]]
*Swollen turbinate
 
*Throat cancer


*[[Thyroid cancer]]
*[[Thyroid cancer]]


*[[Thyroid Carcinoma]]
*[[Thyroid carcinoma]]


*[[Tonsillectomy]]
*[[Tonsillectomy]]


*[[Traceomalachia]]
*[[Tracheitis]]


*[[Tracheitis]]
*[[Tracheomalacia]]


*[[Tracheotomy]]
*[[Tracheotomy]]
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*[[Trauma]]
*[[Trauma]]


*[[Turbinate]]
*[[Trovafloxacin mesylate]]


*[[Upper airway obstruction]]
*[[Upper airway obstruction]]
Line 133: Line 288:
*[[Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty]]
*[[Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty]]


*[[Viral Infections]]
*[[Viral infections]]


*[[Vocal cord problems]]
*Vocal cord problems


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Abnormal respiration]]
[[Category:Abnormal respiration]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]


{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 19:04, 29 May 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hilda Mahmoudi M.D., M.P.H.[2]

Overview

Airway obstruction can be caused by obvious physical obstruction, such as choking or due to a swollen epiglottis in epiglottitis. It can also be caused by less obvious causes of airway compromise such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia and pulmonary edema. A high index of suspicion needs to be maintained when a person presents with signs of infection and upper airway obstruction, as epiglottitis and peritonsillar abcess can cause rapid cardiorespiratory compromise.

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Anaphylactic shock , Aortic arch anomalies, Aortic dissection, Hemangioma, Pulmonary edema, Superior vena cava syndrome
Chemical / poisoning Chemical burns,
Dermatologic Hemangioma, Kaposi's sarcoma
Drug Side Effect ACE inhibitors, Anaphylactic shock , Angioedema, Levodopa, Penicillin, Sedation, Sodium thiopental, Trovafloxacin mesylate
Ear Nose Throat Adenoid hypertrophy, Croup, Dysphagia, Empty nose syndrome, Epiglottitis, Large turbinate, Laryngomalacia, Pallister-Hall syndrome, Peritonsillar abscess, Pharyngeal flap surgery, Pierre Robin syndrome, Retropharyngeal abscess, Rhinoplasty, Subglottic stenosis, Swollen turbinates, Throat cancer, Thyroid cancer, Thyroid Carcinoma, Tonsillectomy, Tracheitis, Tracheomalacia, Tracheotomy, Upper airway obstruction, Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, Vocal cord problems
Endocrine Thyroid cancer, Thyroid carcinoma
Environmental Foreign body, Hanging
Gastroenterologic Cystic fibrosis, Pallister-Hall syndrome
Genetic Cystic fibrosis, Pallister-Hall syndrome, Pierre Robin syndrome
Hematologic Hemangioma
Iatrogenic Rhinoplasty, Tonsillectomy, Tracheotomy, Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Infectious Disease Bacterial infections, Epiglottitis, Infectious mononucleosis, Kaposi's sarcoma, Peritonsillar abscess, Retropharyngeal abscess, Tracheitis, Viral infections
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Increased neck circumference, Pallister-Hall syndrome, Pierre Robin syndrome
Neurologic Conscious Sedation, Pallister-Hall syndrome, Sedation
Nutritional / Metabolic Obesity, Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Sedation
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Aspiration, Asthma, Atelectasis, Bronchiectasis, Bronchiolitis obliterans, Chronic airway obstruction, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Community-acquired pneumonia, Cystic fibrosis, Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage, Hospital-acquired pneumonia, Lipid pneumonia, Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, Pneumonia, Pulmonary edema
Renal / Electrolyte Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis,
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Allergic reactions, Anaphylactic shock , Angioedema, Interleukin 13, Leukotriene,
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Aortic dissection, Trauma
Urologic No underlying causes, Pallister-Hall syndrome
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Smoke burn

Causes in Alphabetical Order

  • Hanging
  • Increased neck circumference
  • Large turbinate
  • Swollen turbinate
  • Throat cancer
  • Vocal cord problems

References

Template:WH Template:WS

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