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{| class="prettytable" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial;"
{| class="prettytable" style="font-size: 12px; font-family: Arial;"
|-
|-
! Antibiotic
! Antibiotic Agent
! Antimicrobial Spectrum
! Antimicrobial Spectrum
! Dosing Information
! Dosing Information
! Adverse Reaction
! Notable Adverse Reaction
|-
|-
| '''Amikacin'''
| '''Amikacin'''
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* Children: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Higher dose of 80-90 mg/kg 24 hr PO for otitis media
* Children: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Higher dose of 80-90 mg/kg 24 hr PO for otitis media
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO
| Rash, diarrhea, abdominal cramping
|  
* Rash
* Diarrhea
* Cramping
|-
|-
| '''Amoxicillin-clavulanate'''
| '''Amoxicillin-Clavulanate'''
|  
|  
* S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible
* S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible
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|-
|-
| '''Ampicillin'''
| '''Ampicillin'''
| Gram-positive pathogens except ''Staphylococcus; Salmonella, Shigella, Neisseria, E. coli, ''and ''Proteus mirabilis''
|  
* Gram-positive pathogens except Staphylococcus
* Salmonella
* Shigella
* Neisseria
* E. coli
* Proteus mirabilis
|
|
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200 - 2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM
| Diarrhea
|  
* Diarrhea
|-
|-
| '''Ampicillin-sulbactam'''
| '''Ampicillin-Sulbactam'''
| ''S. aureus, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, E. coli, Klebsiella, B. fragilis.''
|  
* S. aureus
* H. influenzae
* M. catarrhalis
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* B. fragilis
|
|
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr IV or IM
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max daily dose: 8 g)
* Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max daily dose: 8 g)
| Diarrhea, rash
|-
|
|
'''Azithromycin '''Zithromax. Tablet: 250 mg.
* Diarrhea
 
* Rash
Suspension: 100 mg/5 mL, 200 mg/5 mL.
 
|
'''Azalide antibiotic with activity against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus,'''''
 
'''''H.  influenzae,  Mycoplasma,  Legionella,  Chlamydia  trachomatis.'''''
 
Children: 10 mg/kg PO on day 1 (max dose: 500 mg) followed by 5 mg/kg PO q 24 hr for 4 days.
 
Group A streptococcus pharyngitis: 12 mg/kg/24 hr PO (max dose: 500 mg) for 5 days.
 
Adults: 500 mg PO day 1 followed by 250 mg for 4 days. Uncomplicated ''C. trachomatis ''infection: single 1 g dose PO.
 
|
''Note: ''Very long half-life permitting once-daily dosing. No metabolic-based drug interactions (unlike erythromycin and clarithromycin), limited gastrointestinal distress. Shorter- course regimens (e.g., 1-3 days) under investigation. 3-day, therapy (10 mg/kg/24 hr
 
3 days) and single-dose therapy (30 mg/ kg): use with increasing frequency (not for streptococcus  pharyngitis).
 
|-
|-
| '''Azithromycin '''
|
|
'''Aztreonam'''
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
Azactam.
* H. influenzae
 
* Mycoplasma
* Legionella
* Chlamydia trachomatis
|
|
β-lactam (monobactam) antibiotic with activity against gram-negative aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae'', ''and ''Pseudomonas  aeruginosa.'''''
* Children: 10 mg/kg PO on day 1 (max dose: 500 mg) followed by 5 mg/kg PO q 24 hr for 4 days.
 
* Adults: 500 mg PO day 1 followed by 250 mg for 4 days.
|
|
''Cautions:  ''Rash,  thrombophlebitis,  eosinophilia. Renally  eliminated.
* Gastrointestinal distress
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Aztreonam'''
|
|
Injection.
* Gram-negative aerobic bacteria
 
* Enterobacteriaceae
* Pseudomonas  aeruginosa
|
|
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days ≤2,000 g: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; postnatal age 7 days 1,200 g: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 1,200-2,000 g: 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM;
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
2,000 g: 120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM.
* Children: 90-120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 1-2 g IV or IM q 8-12 hr (max dose: 8 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Thrombophlebitis
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Carbenicillin'''
|
* Enterobacter
* Proteus
* Pseudomonas
|
|
 
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
* Children: 400-600 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM
|
|
Children: 90-120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM. For cystic fibrosis up to 200 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
* Rash
 
* Liver transaminases elevation
|
 
 
|-
|-
| '''Cefaclor'''
|
|
 
* S. aureus
 
* S. pneumoniae
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
|
Adults: 1-2 g IV or IM q 8-12 hr (max dose: 8 g/24 hr).
* Children: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
 
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO
|
|
 
* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Serum sickness-like reaction
|-
|-
| '''Cefadroxil'''
|
|
'''Carbenicillin '''Geopen Injection. Geocillin oral tablet.
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin (remains susceptible to penicillinase destruction) active against ''Enterobacter, ''indole-positive ''Proteus, ''and ''Pseudomonas.'''''
* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
 
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO
|
|
''Cautions: ''Painful given intramuscularly; rash; each gram contains 5.3 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation at high doses, increases in liver transaminase levels. Renally eliminated. Oral tablet for treatment of urinary tract infection only.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Cefazolin'''
|
* S. aureus
* Streptococcus
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
|
 
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 0.5-2g q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
|
|
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days ≤2,000 g: 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM;
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
7 days: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM.
 
|
 
 
|-
|-
| '''Cefdinir'''
|
|
 
* Extended-spectrum cephalosporin
 
|
|
Children: 400-600 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM.
* Children: 14 mg/kg/24 hr in 1 or 2 doses PO (max dose: 600 mg/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 600 mg q 24 hr PO
|
|
 
* Diarrhea
 
|-
|-
| '''Cefepime'''
|
|
'''Cefaclor'''
* Gram-positive bacteria
 
* Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa
Ceclor.
 
Capsule: 250, 500 mg.
 
|
|
'''2nd generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus ''including ''S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr q 8-12 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr q 12 hr IV or IM
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia) with high incidence of serum sickness reaction. Renally eliminated.
* Diarrhea
 
* Nausea
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Vaginal candidiasis
 
* Rash
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefixime'''
|
|
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 187 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL, 375 mg/5 mL.
* Streptococci
 
* H. influenzae
* M. catarrhalis
* Neisseria gonorrhoeae
* Serratia marcescens
* P. vulgaris
|
|
Children: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g). Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO.
* Children: 8 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO
 
* Adults: 400 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefoperazone'''
|
|
'''Cefadroxil'''
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
Duricef, Ultracef.
 
|
|
'''1st-generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
 
* Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Long half-life permits q 12-24 hr dosing.
* Hypoprothrombinemia
 
* Disulfiram-life reaction
|-
|-
| '''Cefotaxime'''
|
|
Capsule: 500 mg.
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
|
|
Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g).
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
* Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
|
|
Drug interaction: Probenecid.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefotetan'''
|
|
Tablet: 1,000 mg.
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
* Bacteroides
|
|
 
* Children: 40-80 mg/kg/24 hr divided IV or IM q 12 hr
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
* Hypoprothrombinemia
* Disulfiram-life reaction
|-
|-
| '''Cefoxitin'''
|
|
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL, 500 mg/5 mL.
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
* Bacteroides
|
|
Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO.
* Neonates: 70-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
 
* Children: 80-160 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefpodoxime'''
|
|
'''Cefazolin'''
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
Ancef, Kefzol.
* H. influenzae
 
* M. catarrhalis
* N. gonorrhoeae
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
|
'''1st generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Children: 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 200-800 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
|
|
''Caution: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Does not adequately penetrate CNS.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefprozil'''
|
|
Injection.
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* M. catarrhalis
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
|
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 7 days 40-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 500-1,000 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)
|
|
Drug interaction: Probenecid.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Ceftazidime'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens including P. aeruginosa
|
|
Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
* Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 8-12 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Ceftiaoxime'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
|
|
Adults: 0.5-2g q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
* Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Ceftriaxone'''
|
|
'''Cefdinir  '''Omnicef. Capsule: 300 mg.
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
Oral suspension: 125 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Extended-spectrum,  semi-synthetic  cephalosporin.'''
* Neonates: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
 
* Children: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
Children 6 mo-12 yr: 14 mg/kg/24 hr in 1 or 2 doses PO (max dose: 600 mg/24 hr).
* Adults: 1-2 g q 24 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
 
Adults: 600 mg q 24 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Reduce dosage in renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance 60 mL/min). Avoid taking concurrently with iron-containing products and antacids because absorption is markedly decreased; take at least 2 hr apart.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Cefuroxime'''
|
|
 
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* M. catarrhalis
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
* Neonates: 40-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
* Children: 200-240 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; 20-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO
* Adults: 750-1,500 mg q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Cephalexin'''
|
|
'''Cefepime '''Maxipime. Injection.
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
* Children: 25-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
|
|
'''Expanded-spectrum, 4th generation cephalosporin active against many gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, including ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa ''many multidrug-resistant pathogens.'''
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|
''Adverse events: ''Diarrhea, nausea, vaginal candidiasis
 
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
 
|-
|-
| '''Cephradine'''
|
|
 
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* E. coli
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
|
|
Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr q 8-12 hr IV or IM.
* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-12 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
|
|
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Chloramphenicol'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Salmonella
* Enterococcus faecium
* Bacteroides
* Mycoplasma
* Chlamydia
* Rickettsia
|
|
Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr q 12 hr IV or IM.
* Neonates: loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by
 
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 50-75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or PO
* Adults: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Gray-baby syndrome
 
* Bone marrow suppression
* Aplastic anemia
|-
|-
| '''Ciprofloxacin'''
|
|
'''Cefixime'''
* P. aeruginosa
 
* Serratia
Suprax.
* Enterobacter
 
* Shigella
Tablet: 200, 400 mg.
* Salmonella
 
* Campylobacter
* N. gonorrhoeae
* H. influenzae
* M. catarrhalis
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against ''Streptococci, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Serratia marcescens, ''and ''P. vulgaris. ''No antistaphylococcal or antipseudomonal  activity.'''
* Neonates: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr PO or IV
 
* Children: 15-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV
* Adults: 250-750 mg q 12 hr; 200-400 mg IV q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Does not adequately penetrate CNS.
* Tendonitis
 
* Dizziness
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Confusion
 
* Crystalluria
* Photosensitivity
|-
|-
| '''Clarithromycin'''
|
|
Suspension: 100 mg/5 mL.
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
* H. influenzae
* Legionella
* Mycoplasma
* C. trachomatis
|
|
Children: 8 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO.
* Children: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Gastrointestinal distress
 
* Dyspepsia
* Nausea
* Cramping
|-
|-
| '''Clindamycin'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive aerobic pathogens
 
* Anaerobic cocci except Enterococcus
|
|
Adults: 400 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO.
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM divided q 12 hr (≤ 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 10-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO
* Adults: 150-600 mg q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO)
|
|
 
* Diarrhea
 
* Nausea
* Pseudomembranous colitis
* Rash
|-
|-
| '''Cloxacillin'''
|
|
'''Cefoperazone  sodium'''
* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
 
Cefobid. Injection.
 
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against many gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.'''
* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
 
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM. Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Highly protein bound cephalosporin with limited potency reflected by weak antipseudomonal activity. Variable gram- positive activity. Primarily hepatically eliminated in bile.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol.
 
|-
|-
| '''Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole'''
|
|
'''Cefotaxime  sodium'''
* Shigella
 
* Legionella
Claforan. Injection.
* Nocardia
 
* Chlamydia
* Pneumocystis jirovecii
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. No antipseudomonal activity.'''
* Children: 6-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or IV divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 160 mg TMP q 12 hr PO
Neonates: ≤7 days: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 7 days: 1,200 g 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM;
 
12,000 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Each gram of drug contains 2.2 mEq sodium. Active metabolite.
* Rash
 
* Erythema multiforme
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
 
* Nausea
* Leukopenia
|-
|-
| '''Demeclocycline'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
 
* Gram-negative bacilli
* Anaerobes
* Borrelia burgdorferi
* Mycoplasma
* Chlamydia
|
|
Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV).
* Children: 8-12 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 150 mg PO q 6-8 hr
|
|
 
* Teeth staining
 
* Photosensitivity
* Diabetes insipidus
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Diarrhea
|-
|-
| '''Dicloxacillin'''
|
|
 
* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
 
|
|
Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
* Children: 12.5-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
 
* Adults: 125-500 mg q 6 hr PO
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Doripenem'''
|
|
'''Cefotetan  disodium'''
* Gram-positive cocci
 
* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
Cefotan. Injection.
* Anaerobes
 
|
|
'''2nd generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, ''and ''Bacteroides.  ''Inactive  against  ''Enterobacter.'''''
* Adults: 500 mg q 8 hr IV
 
Children: 40-80 mg/kg/24 hr divided IV or IM q 12 hr.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Highly protein-bound cephalosporin, poor CNS penetration; -Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol. Renally eliminated (∼20% in bile).
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
|-
|-
| '''Doxycycline'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
 
* Gram-negative bacilli
* Anaerobes
* B. burgdorferi
* Mycoplasma
* Chlamydia
|
|
Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr).
* Children: 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200 mg/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 100-200 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV
|
|
 
* Teeth staining
* Photosensitivity
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Diarrhea
|-
|-
| '''Erythromycin'''
|
|
'''Cefoxitin sodium '''Mefoxin.  Injection.
* Gram-positive organisms
 
* Corynebacterium diphtheriae
* Mycoplasma pneumoniae
|
|
'''2nd generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, ''and ''Bacteroides. ''Inactive  against  ''Enterobacter.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (< 1,200 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO (> 1,200 g)
* Children: Usual max dose 2 g/24 hr. Base: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Estolate: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Stearate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Lactobionate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV. Gluceptate: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV; usual max dose 4 g/24 hr IV
* Adults: Base: 333 mg PO q 8 hr; estolate/stearate/base: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO
|
|
''Cautions: ''Poor CNS penetration; -Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Painful given intramuscularly.
* Cramping
 
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Diarrhea
* Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
|-
|-
| '''Gentamicin'''
|
|
 
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
* Proteus
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* Pseudomonas
|
|
Neonates: 70-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM.
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 32.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV once daily
* Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
|
|
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Ototoxicity
 
* Nephrotoxicity
|-
|-
| '''Imipenem-Cilastatin'''
|
|
 
* Gram-positive cocci
 
* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
* Anaerobes
|
|
Children: 80-160 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM.
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg q 18-24 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 40 mg/kg divided q 12 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 60 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 60-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
|
|
 
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
* Nausea
* Seizures
|-
|-
| '''Linezolid'''
|
|
 
* Staphylococcus
 
* Streptococcus
* E. faecium
* Enterococcus faecalis
|
|
Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
* Children: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO
 
* Adults: Pneumonia: 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO
|
|
 
* Bone marrow suppression
 
* Pseudomembranous colitis
* Nausea
* Diarrhea
* Headache
|-
|-
| '''Loracarbef'''
|
|
'''Cefpodoxime  proxetil'''
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
Vantin.
* H. influenzae
 
* M. catarrhalis
Tablet: 100 mg, 200 mg.
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
Suspension: 50 mg/5 mL, 100 mg/5 mL.
* Proteus
 
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, N. gonorrhoeae,'''''
* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
 
* Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
'''''E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus. ''No antipseudomonal activity.'''
 
Children: 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
 
Adults: 200-800 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr).
 
Uncomplicated gonorrhea: 200 mg PO as single-dose therapy.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Does not adequately penetrate CNS. Increased bioavailability when taken with food.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid; antacids and H-2 receptor antagonists may decrease absorption.
 
|-
|-
| '''Meropenem'''
|
|
'''Cefprozil'''
* Gram-positive cocci
 
* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
Cefzil.
* Anaerobes
 
Tablet: 250, 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''2nd generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, E. coli, M. catarrhalis, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV
 
* Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV
Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO.
 
Adults: 500-1,000 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Good bioavailability; food does not affect bioavailability.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Metronidazole'''
|
|
'''Ceftazidime'''
* Anaerobes
 
Fortaz, Ceptaz, Tazicer, Tazidime. Injection.
 
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, including ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV (< 1,200 g); 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV (1,200–2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (< 2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 7 days ≤1,200 g: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 1,200 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV
 
* Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 150 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr).
 
Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 8-12 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Increasing pathogen resistance developing with
* Dizziness
 
* Seizures
long-term, widespread use.
* Metallic taste
 
* Nausea
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Hypoprothrombinemia
 
* Disulfiram-like reaction
|-
|-
| '''Mezlocillin'''
|
|
'''Ceftiaoxime '''Cefizox. Injection.
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* Bacteroides
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. No antipseudomonal activity.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV
Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM. Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
* Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Liver transaminases elevation
 
|-
|-
| '''Mupirocin'''
|
|
'''Ceftriaxone  sodium'''
* Staphylococcus
 
* Streptococcus
Rocephin. Injection.
 
|
|
'''3rd generation cephalosporin active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. No antipseudomonal activity.'''
* Topical application to the skin 2-4 times per day
 
Neonates: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 75 mg/kg dose 1 then 80-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr IV or IM).
 
Adults: 1-2 g q 24 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Eliminated via kidney (33-65%) and bile; can cause sludging. Long half-life and dose-dependent protein binding favors q 24 hr rather than q 12 hr dosing. Can add 1% lidocaine for IM injection.
* Itching
 
|-
|-
| '''Nafcillin'''
|
|
'''Cefuroxime (cefuroxime axetil for oral administration)'''
* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
 
Ceftin, Kefurox, Zinacef. Injection.
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL. Tablet: 125, 250, 500 mg.
 
|
|
'''2nd generation cephalosporin active against S. aureus, ''Streptococcus, H. influenzae, E. coli, M. catarrhalis, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
Neonates: 40-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM. Children: 200-240 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; PO
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
administration: 20-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO. Adults: 750-1,500 mg q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally eliminated. Food increases PO bioavailability.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Phlebitis
 
* Neutropenia
|-
|-
| '''Nalidixic acid'''
|
|
'''Cephalexin'''
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
Keflex, Keftab. Capsule: 250, 500 mg
* Klebsiella
 
* Proteus
Tablet: 500 mg, 1 g.
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL, 100 mg/mL drops.
 
|
|
'''1st generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
 
* Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO
Children: 25-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
* Vertigo
 
* Dizziness
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Rash
 
|-
|-
| '''Neomycin'''
|
|
'''Cephradine'''
* Gastrointestinal flora
 
Velosef
 
Capsule: 250, 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''1st generation cephalosporin active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
 
* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO. Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-12 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
* Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
* Cramping
 
* Diarrhea
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Rash
 
* Ototoxicity
* Nephrotoxicity
|-
|-
| '''Nitrofurantoin'''
|
|
'''Chloramphenicol '''Chloromycetin. Injection.  Capsule: 250 mg.
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
Ophthalmic, otic solutions. Ointment.
 
|
|
'''Broad-spectrum protein synthesis inhibitor active against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, ''Salmonella, ''vancomycin-resistant  ''Enterococcus  faecium,  Bacteroides, ''other anaerobes, ''Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, ''and ''Rickettsia''; usually inactive against ''Pseudomonas''.'''
* Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose: 400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
Neonates: Initial loading dose 20 mg/kg followed 12 hr later by: postnatal age ≤7 days: 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV; 7 days:
 
≤2,000 g: 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV; 2,000 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV.
 
Children: 50-75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or PO (meningitis: 75-100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr).
 
Adults: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Gray-baby syndrome (from too-high dose in neonate), bone marrow suppression aplastic anemia (monitor hematocrit, free serum iron).
* Vertigo
 
* Dizziness
''Drug interactions: ''Phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampin may decrease levels.
* Rash
 
* Jaundice
''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak 20-30 mg/L; trough 5-10 mg/L.
* Interstitial pneumonitis
 
 
|-
|-
| '''Ofloxacin'''
|
|
'''Ciprofloxacin'''
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
Cipro.
* Anaerobes
 
* Chlamydia trachomatis
Tablet: 100, 250, 500, 750 mg.
 
Injection.
 
Ophthalmic solution and ointment. Otic suspension.
 
Oral suspension: 250 and 500 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Quinolone antibiotic active against ''P. aeruginosa, Serratia, Enterobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, N. gonorrhoeae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, ''some ''S. aureus, ''and some ''Streptococcus.'''''
* Child (< 12 yr): Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then 1-2 drops qid for 5 days. Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days. Otitis externa: 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days
 
* Child (> 12 yr) and adults: Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa: 10 drops bid for 10–14 days as for younger children
Neonates: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr PO or IV.
 
Children: 15-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV; cystic fibrosis: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO or IV.
 
Adults: 250-750 mg q 12 hr; 200-400 mg IV q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Concerns of joint destruction in juvenile animals not seen in humans; tendonitis, superinfection, dizziness, confusion, crystalluria, some photosensitivity.
* Burning
 
* Stinging
''Drug interactions: ''Theophylline; magnesium-, aluminum-, or calcium-containing antacids; sucralfate; probenecid; warfarin; cyclosporine.
* Eye redness
 
* Dizziness
|-
|-
| '''Oxacillin'''
|
|
'''Clarithromycin'''
* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
 
Biaxin.
 
Tablet: 250, 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Macrolide antibiotic with activity against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, Legionella, Mycoplasma, ''and'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
'''''C.  trachomatis.'''''
* Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
Children: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
* Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
 
Adults: 250-500 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Adverse events less than erythromycin; gastrointestinal  upset,  dyspepsia,  nausea, cramping.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''Same as erythromycin: astemizole  carbamazepine,  terfenadine cyclosporine, theophylline, digoxin, tacrolimus.
* Neutropenia
 
|-
|-
| '''Penicillin G'''
|
|
'''Clindamycin'''
* S. pneumoniae
 
* Group A Streptococcus
Cleocin.
* N. gonorrhoeae
 
* N. meningitidis
Capsule: 75, 150, 300 mg. Suspension: 75 mg/5 mL. Injection.
 
Topical solution, lotion, and gel. Vaginal cream.
 
|
|
'''Protein synthesis inhibitor active against most gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic cocci except ''Enterococcus.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 200 g; 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM;
* Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM
7 days 1,200 g: 10 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM divided q 12 hr; 1,200-2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 10-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO.
 
Adults: 150-600 mg q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Diarrhea, nausea, ''Clostridium difficile''–associated colitis, rash. Administer slow IV over 30-60 min. Topically active as an acne treatment.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
* Allergy
* Seizures
|-
|-
| '''Penicillin G, benzathine'''
|
|
'''Cloxacillin  sodium'''
* Group A Streptococcus
 
Tegopen.
 
Capsule: 250, 500 mg. Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase- negative  staphylococci.'''
* Neonates: 50,000 units/kg IM once
 
* Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose: 1.2-2.4 million units/dose)
Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
* Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Primarily hepatically eliminated; requires dose reduction in renal disease. Food decreases  bioavailability.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Allergy
 
|-
|-
| '''Penicillin G, procaine'''
|
|
'''Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole;  TMP-SMZ)'''
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
Bactrim, Cotrim, Septra, Sulfatrim. Tablet: SMZ 400 mg and TMP 80 mg.
 
Tablet DS: SMZ 800 mg and TMP 160 mg. Suspension: SMZ 200 mg and TMP
 
40 mg/5 mL. Injection.
 
|
|
'''Antibiotic combination with sequential antagonism of bacterial folate synthesis with broad antibacterial activity: ''Shigella, Legionella, Nocardia, Chlamydia, Pneumocystis jiroveci. ''Dosage based on TMP component.'''
* Neonates: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM
 
* Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose: 4.8 million units/dose)
Children: 6-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or IV divided q 12 hr PO.
* Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM
 
''Pneumocystis carinii ''pneumonia: 15-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV.
 
''P. carinii ''prophylaxis: 5 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or 3 times/wk PO. Adults: 160 mg TMP q 12 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Drug dosed on TMP (trimethoprim) component. Sulfonamide skin reactions: rash, erythema multiforme,
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia. Renal and hepatic elimination; reduce dose in renal failure.
* Allergy
 
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, possibly phenytoin, cyclosporine.
 
|-
|-
| '''Penicillin V'''
|
|
'''Demeclocycline'''
* S. pneumoniae
 
* N. gonorrhoeae
Declomycin.
* N. meningitidis
 
Tablet: 150, 300 mg.
 
Capsule: 150 mg.
 
|
|
'''Tetracycline active against most gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus'', many gram-negative bacilli, anaerobes, ''Borrelia burgdorferi ''(Lyme disease), ''Mycoplasma, ''and ''Chlamydia.'''''
* Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO
 
* Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
Children: 8-12 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO. Adults: 150 mg PO q 6-8 hr.
 
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: 900- 1,200 mg/24 hr or 13-15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO with dose reduction based on response to 600-900 mg/24 hr.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Teeth staining, possibly permanent (if administered 8 yr of age) with prolonged use; photosensitivity, diabetes insipidus, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, superinfections.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''Aluminum-, calcium-, magnesium-, zinc- and iron-containing food, milk, dairy products may decrease absorption.
* Allergy
 
|-
|-
| '''Piperacillin'''
|
|
'''Dicloxacillin'''
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
Dynapen, Pathocil.
* Serratia
 
* P. aeruginosa
Capsule: 125, 250, 500 mg. Suspension: 62.5 mg/5 mL.
* Bacteroides
 
|
|
'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase- negative  staphylococci.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV
Children: 12.5-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Adults: 125-500 mg q 6 hr PO.
* Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Primarily renally (65%) and bile (30%) elimination. Food may decrease bioavailability.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Serum sickness-like reaction
 
|-
|-
| '''Piperacillin-Tazobactam'''
|
|
'''Doripenem '''Doribax. Injection.
* S. aureus
 
* H. influenzae
* E. coli
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* Acinetobacter
* P. aeruginosa
* Bacteroides
|
|
'''Carbapenem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli, including'''
* Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM
'''''P. aeruginosa ''and anaerobes.'''
 
Children: dose unknown. Adults: 500 mg q 8 hr IV.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile; does not undergo hepatic metabolism. Renal elimination (70-75%); dose adjustment for renal failure.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interactions: ''Valproic acid, probenecid.
 
|-
|-
| '''Quinupristin-Dalfopristin'''
|
|
'''Doxycycline '''Vibramycin, Doxy. Injection.
* E. faecium, vancomycin-resistant
 
* S. aureus, methicillin-resistant
Capsule: 50, 100 mg.
 
Tablet: 50, 100 mg. Suspension: 25 mg/5 mL. Syrup: 50 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Tetracycline antibiotic active against most gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus, ''many gram-negative bacilli, anaerobes,'''
* Children and adults: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV
 
'''''B. burgdorferi ''(Lyme disease), ''Mycoplasma, ''and ''Chlamydia.'''''
 
Children: 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200  mg/24  hr).
 
Adults: 100-200 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Teeth staining, possibly permanent (8 yr of age) with prolonged use; photosensitivity, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, superinfections.
* Pain
 
* Edema
''Drug interactions: ''Aluminum-, calcium-, magnesium-, zinc-, iron-, kaolin-, and pectin-containing products, food, milk, dairy products may decrease absorption. Carbamazepine, rifampin, barbiturates may decrease half-life.
* Phlebitis
 
* Nausea
* Diarrhea
|-
|-
| '''Sulfadiazine'''
|
|
'''Erythromycin'''
* E. coli
 
* P. mirabilis
E-Mycin, Ery-Tab, Ery-C, Ilosone. Estolate 125, 500 mg.
* Klebsiella
 
Tablet EES: 200 mg.
 
Tablet base: 250, 333, 500 mg. Suspension: estolate 125 mg/5 mL,
 
250 mg/5 mL, EES 200 mg/5 mL, 400 mg/5 mL.
 
Estolate drops: 100 mg/mL. EES drops:
 
100 mg/2.5 mL. Available in combination with sulfisoxazole (Pediazole), dosed on erythromycin content.
 
|
|
'''Bacteriostatic macrolide antibiotic most active against gram- positive organisms, ''Corynebacterium diphtheriae, ''and ''Mycoplasma  pneumoniae.'''''
* Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO with folinic acid
 
* Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days: 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO;
 
7 days 1,200 g: 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO; 1,200 g:
 
30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO (give as 5 mg/kg/dose q 6 hr to
 
improve feeding intolerance). Children: Usual max dose 2 g/24 hr.
 
Base: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Estolate: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Stearate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Lactobionate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV.
 
Gluceptate: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV; usual max dose 4 g/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: Base: 333 mg PO q 8 hr; estolate/stearate/base: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Motilin agonist leading to marked abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in young infants. Many different salts with questionable tempering of gastrointestinal adverse events. Rare cardiac toxicity with IV use. Dose of salts differ. Topical formulation for treatment of acne.
* Rash
 
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
''Drug interactions: ''Antagonizes hepatic CYP 3A4 activity:  astemizole,  carbamazepine, terfenadine,  cyclosporine,  theophylline, digoxin,  tacrolimus,  carbamazepine.
* Nausea
 
* Leukopenia
* Crystalluria
|-
|-
| '''Sulfamethoxazole'''
|
|
'''Gentamicin '''Garamycin. Injection.
* Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
 
Ophthalmic solution, ointment, topical cream.
 
|
|
'''Aminoglycoside antibiotic active against gram-negative bacilli, especially ''E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia, ''and ''Pseudomonas.'''''
* Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q
 
12-18 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM; postnatal
 
age 7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM;
 
2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM. Alternatively
 
may administer 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV once daily. Intrathecal: Preservative-free preparation for intraventricular or
 
intrathecal use: neonate: 1 mg/24 hr; children: 1-2 mg/24 hr IT; adults: 4-8 mg/24 hr.
 
Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Anaerobes, ''S. pneumoniae, ''and other ''Streptococcus ''are resistant. May cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Monitor renal function. Drug eliminated renally. Administered IV over 30-60 min.
* Rash
 
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
''Drug interactions: ''May potentiate other ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs.
* Nausea
 
* Leukopenia
''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak 6-12 mg/L; trough 2 mg/L with intermittent daily dose regimens only.
* Crystalluria
 
|-
|-
| '''Sulfisoxazole'''
|
|
'''Imipenem-cilastatin'''
* Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
 
Primaxin. Injection.
 
|
|
'''Carbapenem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli, including'''
* Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO
'''''P. aeruginosa ''and anaerobes. No activity against'''
 
'''''Stenotrophomonas  maltophilia.'''''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200 g: 20 mg/kg q 18-24 hr IV or IM; 1,200 g: 40 mg/kg divided q 12 hr IV or IM; postnatal age
 
7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 40 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 60 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 60-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), nausea, seizures. Cilastatin possesses no antibacterial activity; reduces renal imipenem metabolism. Primarily renally eliminated.
* Rash
 
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
''Drug interaction: ''Possibly ganciclovir.
* Nausea
 
* Leukopenia
* Crystalluria
|-
|-
| '''Ticarcillin'''
|
|
'''Linezolid'''
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
Zyvox.
* Serratia
 
* P. aeruginosa
Tablet: 400, 600 mg.
* Bacteroides
 
Oral suspension: 100 mg/5 mL. Injection: 100 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Oxazolidinone  antibiotic  active  against  gram-positive  cocci (especially  drug-resistant  organisms),  including ''Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. faecium, ''and ''Enterococcus faecalis. ''Interferes with protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosome  subunit.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
Children: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO.
* Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr)
Adults: Pneumonia: 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO; skin infections: 400 mg q 12 hr IV or PO.
 
|
|
''Adverse events: ''Myelosuppression, pseudomembranous  colitis,  nausea,  diarrhea, headache.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Liver transaminases elevation
 
|-
|-
| '''Ticarcillin-Clavulanate'''
|
|
'''Loracarbef'''
* S. aureus
 
* H. influenzae
Lorabid.
* Enterobacter
 
* E. coli
Capsule: 200 mg.
* Serratia
 
* P. aeruginosa
Suspension: 100 mg/5 mL, 200 mg/5 mL.
* Acinetobacter
 
* Bacteroides
|
|
'''Carbacephem very closely related to cefaclor (2nd generation cephalosporin) active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr)
Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g). Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Liver transaminases elevation
 
|-
|-
| '''Tigecycline'''
|
|
'''Meropenem '''Merrem. Injection.
* Enterobacteriaceae including ESBL producers
 
* Streptococcus
* Staphylococcus
* Anaerobes
|
|
'''Carbapenem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli, including ''P. aeruginosa ''and anaerobes. No activity against ''Stenotrophomonas  maltophilia.'''''
* Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV
 
Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV meningitis: 120 mg/ kg/24 hr (max dose: 6 g/24 hr) q 8 hr IV.
 
Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile; appears to possess less CNS excitation than imipenem. 80% renal elimination.
* Photosensitivity
 
* Hypersensitivity
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Hepatic impairment
 
|-
|-
| '''Tobramycin'''
|
|
'''Metronidazole'''
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
Flagyl, Metro-IV, generic. Topical gel, vaginal gel. Injection.
* Enterobacter
 
* Serratia
Tablet: 250, 500 mg.
* Proteus
 
* Pseudomonas
|
|
'''Highly effective in the treatment of infections due to anaerobes.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
Neonates: 1,200 g: 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV; postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV; 2,000 g: 15 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV; postnatal age 7 days
* Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV
 
* Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
1,200-2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV; 2,000 g: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV.
 
Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV.
 
Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Dizziness, seizures, metallic taste, nausea, disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol. Administer IV slow over 30-60 min. Adjust dose with hepatic impairment.
* Ototoxicity
 
* Nephrotoxicity
''Drug interactions: ''Carbamazepine, rifampin, phenobarbital may enhance metabolism; may increase levels of warfarin, phenytoin, lithium.
 
|-
|-
| '''Trimethoprim'''
|
|
'''Mezlocillin sodium'''
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
Mezlin. Infection.
* P. mirabilis
 
* Enterobacter
* P. jirovecii
|
|
<center>'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, ''and ''Bacteroides; ''limited antipseudomonal activity. '''Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV;</center>
* Children (&lt; 12 yr): 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Children (&gt; 12 yr) and adults: 100-200 mg q 12 hr PO
7 days: 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV.
 
Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis
 
300-450 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.8 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation with high doses; increases noted in liver function test results. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by
* Megaloblastic anemia
 
* Bone marrow suppression
<center>-lactamase enzyme.</center>
* Nausea
 
* Epigastric distress
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Rash
 
|-
|-
| '''Vancomycin'''
|
|
'''Mupirocin '''Bactroban. Ointment.
* Gram-positive pathogens including Staphylococcus, S. pneumoniae, and Enterococcus
 
* C. difficile
|
|
'''Topical antibiotic active against ''Staphylococcus ''and'''
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 45 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
'''''Streptococcus.'''''
* Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
 
* C. difficile–associated colitis: 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
Topical application: Nasal (eliminate nasal carriage) and to the skin 2-4 times per day.
 
|
|
''Caution: ''Minimal systemic absorption as drug metabolized within the skin.
* Ototoxicity
 
* Nephrotoxicity
|-
|
'''Nafcillin sodium '''Nafcil, Unipen. Injection. Capsule: 250 mg.
 
Tablet: 500 mg.
 
|
'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci, except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase-negative  staphylococci.'''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; postnatal age 7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr;
 
2,000 g: 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (meningitis: 200 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV).
 
Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV.
 
Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), phlebitis; painful given intramuscularly; oral absorption highly variable and erratic (not recommended).
 
''Adverse effect: ''Neutropenia.
 
|-
|
'''Nalidixic acid'''
 
NegGram.
 
Tablet: 250, 500, 1,000 mg. Suspension: 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
'''1st generation quinolone effective for short-term treatment of lower urinary tract infections caused by ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
 
Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
 
Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Vertigo, dizziness, rash. Not for use in systemic infections.
 
''Drug interactions: ''Liquid antacids.
 
|-
|
'''Neomycin sulfate '''Mycifradin, generic. Tablet: 500 mg.
 
Topical cream, ointment. Solution: 125 mg/5 mL.
 
|
'''Aminoglycoside antibiotic used for topical application or orally before surgery to decrease gastrointestinal flora (nonabsorbable)  and  hyperammonemia.'''
 
Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO.
 
|
''Cautions: ''In patients with renal dysfunction because small amount absorbed may accumulate.
 
''Adverse events: ''Primarily related to topical application, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, rash. Aminoglycoside ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity if absorbed.
 
|-
|
'''Nitrofurantoin'''
 
Furadantin, Furan, Macrodantin. Capsule: 50, 100 mg.
 
Extended-release capsule: 100 mg. Macrocrystal: 50, 100 mg. Suspension: 25 mg/5 mL.
 
|
'''Effective in the treatment of lower urinary tract infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.'''
 
Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose:
 
400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr).
 
Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Vertigo, dizziness, rash, jaundice, interstitial pneumonitis. Do not use with moderate to severe renal dysfunction.
 
''Drug interactions: ''Liquid antacids.
 
|-
|
'''Ofloxacin'''
 
Ocuflox 0.3% ophthalmic solution: 1, 5,
 
<center>10 mL.</center>
 
Floxin 0.3% otic solution: 5, 10 mL.
 
|
'''Quinolone antibiotic for treatment of conjunctivitis or corneal ulcers (ophthalmic solution) and otitis externa or chronic suppurative otitis media (otic solution) caused by susceptible gram-positive, gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria, or ''Chlamydia  trachomatis.'''''
 
''Child ''''1-12 yr:''
 
Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then
 
1-2 drops qid for 5 days.
 
Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days.
 
Otitis externa (otic solution): 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days.
 
Chronic suppurative otitis media: treat for 14 days.
 
''Child ''''12 yr and adults: ''Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa (otic solution): Use 10 drops bid for 10 or 14 days as for younger children.
 
|
''Adverse events: ''Burning, stinging, eye redness (ophthalmic solution), dizziness with otic solution if not warmed.
 
|-
|
'''Oxacillin sodium '''Prostaphlin. Injection.
 
Capsule: 250, 500 mg. Suspension: 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci, except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase-negative  staphylococci.'''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; 2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV; postnatal age 7 days 1,200 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV; 2,000 g:
 
100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV.
 
Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV. Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia).
 
Moderate oral bioavailability (35-65%). Primarily renally eliminated.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
''Adverse effect: ''Neutropenia.
 
|-
|
'''Penicillin G '''Injection. Tablets.
 
|
'''Penicillin active against most gram-positive cocci; ''S. pneumoniae ''(resistance is increasing), group A streptococcus, and some gram-negative bacteria  (e.g.,  ''N. gonorrhoeae,  N.  meningitidis'').'''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 100,000 units/
 
kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM); 2,000 g: 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 150,000 units/kg/24 hr divided  q 8 hr IV or IM); postnatal age 7 days ≤1,200 g: 50,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (meningitis: 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV); 1,200-2,000 g: 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (meningitis: 225,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV); 2,000 g: 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (meningitis: 200,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV).
 
Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr).
 
Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM.
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy, seizures with excessive doses particularly in patients with marked renal disease. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|
'''Penicillin G, benzathine'''
 
Bicillin. Injection.
 
|
'''Long-acting repository form of penicillin effective in the treatment of infections responsive to persistent, low penicillin concentrations (1-4 wk), e.g., group A streptococcus pharyngitis, rheumatic fever prophylaxis.'''
 
Neonates 1,200 g: 50,000 units/kg IM once.
 
Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose:
 
1.2-2.4 million units/dose).
 
Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk.
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy. Administer by IM injection only. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|
'''Penicillin G, procaine'''
 
Crysticillin. Injection.
 
|
'''Repository form of penicillin providing low penicillin concentrations for 12 hr.'''
 
Neonates 1,200 g: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM.
 
Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose:
 
4.8 million units/dose).
 
Gonorrhea: 100,000 units/kg (max dose: 4.8 million units/24 hr) IM once with probenecid 25 mg/kg (max dose: 1 g)
 
Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM.
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia) allergy. Administer by IM injection only. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|
'''Penicillin V'''
 
Pen VK, V-Cillin K.
 
Tablet: 125, 250, 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL.
 
|
'''Preferred oral dosing form of penicillin, active against most gram-positive cocci; ''S. pneumoniae ''(resistance is increasing), other ''Streptococcus, ''and some gram-negative bacteria (e.g.,'''
 
'''''N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis'').'''
 
Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO. Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr).
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy, seizures with excessive doses particularly in patients with renal disease. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
 
''Drug interaction'': Probenecid.
 
|-
|
'''Piperacillin '''Pipracil. Injection.
 
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; 7 days; 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV.
 
Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis: 350-500 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV.
 
|
''Cautions'': -Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.9 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation/serum sickness-like reaction with high doses; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|
'''Piperacillin-tazobactam'''
 
Zosyn. Injection.
 
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin (piperacillin) combined with a'''
 
β-lactamase inhibitor (tazobactam) active against ''S. aureus, H. influenzae, E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
 
Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM. Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM.
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.9 mEq sodium.
 
Interferes with platelet aggregation, serum sickness–like reaction with high doses, increases in liver function test results. Renally eliminated.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|
'''Quinupristin/dalfopristin'''
 
Synercid.
 
IV injection: powder for reconstitution, 10 mL contains 150 mg quinupristin,
 
<center>350 mg dalfopristin.</center>
 
|
'''Streptogramin antibiotic (quinupristin) active against vancomycin-resistant ''E. faecium ''(VRE) and methicillin- resistant ''S. aureus ''(MRSA)''. ''Not active against ''E. faecalis.'''''
 
Children and adults: VRE: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV for VRE; skin infections:
 
7.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV.
 
|
''Adverse events: ''Pain, edema, or phlebitis at injection site, nausea, diarrhea.
 
''Drug interactions: ''Synercid is a potent inhibitor of CYP 3A4.
 
|-
|
'''Sulfadiazine'''
 
Tablet: 500 mg.
 
|
'''Sulfonamide antibiotic primarily indicated for the treatment of lower urinary tract infections due to ''E. coli, P. mirabilis, ''and ''Klebsiella.'''''
 
Toxoplasmosis:
 
Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO (with folinic acid).
 
Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid.
 
Rheumatic fever prophylaxis: ≤30 kg: 500 mg/24 hr q 24 hr PO;
 
30 kg: 1 g/24 hr q 24 hr PO.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life  ∼10  hr.
 
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
 
|-
|
'''Sulfamethoxazole'''
 
Gantanol. Tablet: 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 500 mg/5 mL.
 
|
'''Sulfonamide antibiotic used for the treatment of otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections due to susceptible bacteria.'''
 
Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO. Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr).
 
|
''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life 12 hr. Initial dose often a loading dose (doubled).
 
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
 
|-
|
'''Sulfisoxazole '''Gantrisin. Tablet: 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 500 mg/5 mL. Ophthalmic solution, ointment.
 
|
'''Sulfonamide antibiotic used for the treatment of otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections due to susceptible bacteria.'''
 
Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr).
 
Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life ∼7-12 hr. Initial dose often a loading dose (doubled).
 
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
 
|-
|
'''Ticarcillin '''Ticar. Injection.
 
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 2,000 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided  q 8-12 hr IV; 7 days 2,000 g: 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV;
 
7 days 1,200 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; 1,200-
 
2,000 g: 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV; 2,000 g: 300 mg/
 
kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV.
 
Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis: 400-600 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr).
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 5-6 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|
'''Ticarcillin-clavulanate'''
 
Timentin. Injection.
 
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin (ticarcillin) combined with a'''
 
β-lactamase inhibitor (clavulanate) active against ''S. aureus, H. influenzae, Enterobacter, E. coli, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
 
Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM.
 
Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr).
 
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 5-6 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
|
'''Tigecycline '''Tygacil. Injection.
 
|
'''Tetracycline-class antibiotic (glycylcycline) active against Enterobacteriaceae, including ESBL producers; streptococci (including VRE); staphylococci (including MRSA); and anaerobes.'''
 
Children: unknown.
 
Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Pregnancy; children under 8 yr of age; photosensitivity; hypersensitivity to tetracyclines; hepatic impairment (~60% hepatic  clearance).
 
''Drug interaction: ''Warfarin; mycophenolate mofetil.
 
|-
|
'''Tobramycin '''Nebcin, Tobrex. Injection.
 
Ophthalmic solution, ointment.
 
|
'''Aminoglycoside antibiotic active against gram-negative bacilli, especially ''E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Proteus, ''and ''Pseudomonas.'''''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days, 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q
 
12-18 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM; postnatal
 
age 7 days, 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM;
 
2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM. Alternatively
 
may administer 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV. Preservative-free preparation for intraventricular or intrathecal use: neonate: 1 mg/24 hr; children: 1-2 mg/24 hr; adults: 4-8 mg/24 hr.
 
Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
|
''Cautions: S. pneumoniae, ''other ''Streptococcus, ''and anaerobes are resistant. May cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Monitor renal function. Drug eliminated renally. Administered IV over 30-60 min.
 
''Drug interactions: ''May potentiate other ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs.
 
''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak 6-12 mg/L; trough 2 mg/L.
 
|-
|
'''Trimethoprim '''Proloprim, Trimpex. Tablet: 100, 200 mg
 
|
'''Folic acid antagonist effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of ''E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis, ''and ''Enterobacter ''urinary tract infections; ''P. carinii ''pneumonia.'''
 
Children: For urinary tract infection: 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
 
Children ''12 yr and adults: ''100-200 mg q 12 hr PO. ''P. carinii ''pneumonia (with dapsone): 15-20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr for 21 days PO.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Megaloblastic anemia, bone marrow suppression, nausea, epigastric distress, rash.
 
''Drug interactions: ''Possible interactions with phenytoin, cyclosporine, rifampin, warfarin.
 
|-
|
'''Vancomycin '''Vancocin,  Luphocin. Injection.
 
Capsule: 125 mg, 250 mg. Suspension.
 
|
'''Glycopeptide antibiotic active against most gram-positive pathogens including ''Staphylococcus ''(including ''MRSA ''and coagulase-negative staphylococci), ''S. pneumoniae ''including penicillin-resistant strains, ''Enterococcus ''(resistance is increasing), and ''C. difficile–as''sociated colitis.'''
 
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days, 1,200 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV;
 
2,000 g: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; postnatal age 7
 
days, 1,200 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g:
 
15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; 2,000 g: 45 mg/kg/24 hr
 
divided q 8 hr IV.
 
Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; ''C. difficile''– associated colitis; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
 
40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
 
|
''Cautions: ''Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity particularly when co-administered with other ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs.
 
Infuse IV over 45-60 min. Flushing (red man syndrome) associated with rapid IV infusions, fever, chills, phlebitis (central line is preferred). Renally eliminated.
 
''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak (1 hr after
 
1 hr infusion) 30-40 mg/L; trough 5-10 mg/L.
 
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 07:03, 3 June 2015

Antibiotic Agent Antimicrobial Spectrum Dosing Information Notable Adverse Reaction
Amikacin
  • Escherichia coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 10 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 15-25 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 15 mg/kg 24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Amoxicillin
  • Gram-positive pathogens except Staphylococcus
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Neisseria
  • E. coli
  • Proteus mirabilis
  • Children: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Higher dose of 80-90 mg/kg 24 hr PO for otitis media
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Diarrhea
  • Cramping
Amoxicillin-Clavulanate
  • S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible
  • Streptococcus
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Bacteroides fragilis
  • Neonates: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
  • Children: 20-45 mg/kg 24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Higher dose 80-90 mg/kg/24 hr PO for otitis media.
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash
Ampicillin
  • Gram-positive pathogens except Staphylococcus
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Neisseria
  • E. coli
  • Proteus mirabilis
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM
  • Diarrhea
Ampicillin-Sulbactam
  • S. aureus
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • B. fragilis
  • Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max daily dose: 8 g)
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash
Azithromycin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • Mycoplasma
  • Legionella
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Children: 10 mg/kg PO on day 1 (max dose: 500 mg) followed by 5 mg/kg PO q 24 hr for 4 days.
  • Adults: 500 mg PO day 1 followed by 250 mg for 4 days.
  • Gastrointestinal distress
Aztreonam
  • Gram-negative aerobic bacteria
  • Enterobacteriaceae
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 90-120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g IV or IM q 8-12 hr (max dose: 8 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Thrombophlebitis
  • Eosinophilia
Carbenicillin
  • Enterobacter
  • Proteus
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 400-600 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM
  • Rash
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Cefaclor
  • S. aureus
  • S. pneumoniae
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Serum sickness-like reaction
Cefadroxil
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefazolin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 0.5-2g q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefdinir
  • Extended-spectrum cephalosporin
  • Children: 14 mg/kg/24 hr in 1 or 2 doses PO (max dose: 600 mg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 600 mg q 24 hr PO
  • Diarrhea
Cefepime
  • Gram-positive bacteria
  • Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa
  • Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Vaginal candidiasis
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefixime
  • Streptococci
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Serratia marcescens
  • P. vulgaris
  • Children: 8 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO
  • Adults: 400 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefoperazone
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Hypoprothrombinemia
  • Disulfiram-life reaction
Cefotaxime
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
  • Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefotetan
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Bacteroides
  • Children: 40-80 mg/kg/24 hr divided IV or IM q 12 hr
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Hypoprothrombinemia
  • Disulfiram-life reaction
Cefoxitin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates: 70-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 80-160 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefpodoxime
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 200-800 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefprozil
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO
  • Adults: 500-1,000 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Ceftazidime
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens including P. aeruginosa
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
  • Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 8-12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Ceftiaoxime
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Ceftriaxone
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Neonates: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 24 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefuroxime
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Neonates: 40-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 200-240 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; 20-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO
  • Adults: 750-1,500 mg q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cephalexin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 25-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cephradine
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-12 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Chloramphenicol
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Salmonella
  • Enterococcus faecium
  • Bacteroides
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia
  • Rickettsia
  • Neonates: loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 50-75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or PO
  • Adults: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Gray-baby syndrome
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Aplastic anemia
Ciprofloxacin
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Serratia
  • Enterobacter
  • Shigella
  • Salmonella
  • Campylobacter
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Neonates: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr PO or IV
  • Children: 15-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV
  • Adults: 250-750 mg q 12 hr; 200-400 mg IV q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)
  • Tendonitis
  • Dizziness
  • Confusion
  • Crystalluria
  • Photosensitivity
Clarithromycin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • Legionella
  • Mycoplasma
  • C. trachomatis
  • Children: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1 g/24 hr)
  • Gastrointestinal distress
  • Dyspepsia
  • Nausea
  • Cramping
Clindamycin
  • Gram-positive aerobic pathogens
  • Anaerobic cocci except Enterococcus
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM divided q 12 hr (≤ 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 10-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO
  • Adults: 150-600 mg q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO)
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Rash
Cloxacillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
  • Shigella
  • Legionella
  • Nocardia
  • Chlamydia
  • Pneumocystis jirovecii
  • Children: 6-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or IV divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 160 mg TMP q 12 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Erythema multiforme
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
Demeclocycline
  • Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
  • Gram-negative bacilli
  • Anaerobes
  • Borrelia burgdorferi
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia
  • Children: 8-12 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
  • Adults: 150 mg PO q 6-8 hr
  • Teeth staining
  • Photosensitivity
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
Dicloxacillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Children: 12.5-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Adults: 125-500 mg q 6 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Doripenem
  • Gram-positive cocci
  • Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
  • Anaerobes
  • Adults: 500 mg q 8 hr IV
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Doxycycline
  • Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
  • Gram-negative bacilli
  • Anaerobes
  • B. burgdorferi
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia
  • Children: 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200 mg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 100-200 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV
  • Teeth staining
  • Photosensitivity
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
Erythromycin
  • Gram-positive organisms
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (< 1,200 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO (> 1,200 g)
  • Children: Usual max dose 2 g/24 hr. Base: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Estolate: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Stearate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Lactobionate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV. Gluceptate: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV; usual max dose 4 g/24 hr IV
  • Adults: Base: 333 mg PO q 8 hr; estolate/stearate/base: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO
  • Cramping
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Gentamicin
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 32.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV once daily
  • Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Imipenem-Cilastatin
  • Gram-positive cocci
  • Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
  • Anaerobes
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg q 18-24 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 40 mg/kg divided q 12 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 60 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 60-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Nausea
  • Seizures
Linezolid
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. faecium
  • Enterococcus faecalis
  • Children: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO
  • Adults: Pneumonia: 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Headache
Loracarbef
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
  • Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Meropenem
  • Gram-positive cocci
  • Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
  • Anaerobes
  • Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV
  • Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Metronidazole
  • Anaerobes
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV (< 1,200 g); 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV (1,200–2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (< 2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV
  • Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Dizziness
  • Seizures
  • Metallic taste
  • Nausea
  • Hypoprothrombinemia
  • Disulfiram-like reaction
Mezlocillin
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV
  • Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Mupirocin
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • Topical application to the skin 2-4 times per day
  • Itching
Nafcillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Phlebitis
  • Neutropenia
Nalidixic acid
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO
  • Vertigo
  • Dizziness
  • Rash
Neomycin
  • Gastrointestinal flora
  • Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO
  • Cramping
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Nitrofurantoin
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose: 400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Vertigo
  • Dizziness
  • Rash
  • Jaundice
  • Interstitial pneumonitis
Ofloxacin
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Anaerobes
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Child (< 12 yr): Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then 1-2 drops qid for 5 days. Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days. Otitis externa: 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days
  • Child (> 12 yr) and adults: Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa: 10 drops bid for 10–14 days as for younger children
  • Burning
  • Stinging
  • Eye redness
  • Dizziness
Oxacillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Neutropenia
Penicillin G
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Group A Streptococcus
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • N. meningitidis
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
  • Seizures
Penicillin G, benzathine
  • Group A Streptococcus
  • Neonates: 50,000 units/kg IM once
  • Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose: 1.2-2.4 million units/dose)
  • Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
Penicillin G, procaine
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Neonates: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM
  • Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose: 4.8 million units/dose)
  • Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
Penicillin V
  • S. pneumoniae
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • N. meningitidis
  • Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
Piperacillin
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV
  • Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Serum sickness-like reaction
Piperacillin-Tazobactam
  • S. aureus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Acinetobacter
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Bacteroides
  • Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Quinupristin-Dalfopristin
  • E. faecium, vancomycin-resistant
  • S. aureus, methicillin-resistant
  • Children and adults: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV
  • Pain
  • Edema
  • Phlebitis
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
Sulfadiazine
  • E. coli
  • P. mirabilis
  • Klebsiella
  • Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO with folinic acid
  • Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid
  • Rash
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
  • Crystalluria
Sulfamethoxazole
  • Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
  • Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
  • Crystalluria
Sulfisoxazole
  • Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
  • Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
  • Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
  • Crystalluria
Ticarcillin
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Ticarcillin-Clavulanate
  • S. aureus
  • H. influenzae
  • Enterobacter
  • E. coli
  • Serratia
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Acinetobacter
  • Bacteroides
  • Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Tigecycline
  • Enterobacteriaceae including ESBL producers
  • Streptococcus
  • Staphylococcus
  • Anaerobes
  • Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV
  • Photosensitivity
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Hepatic impairment
Tobramycin
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Proteus
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV
  • Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Trimethoprim
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • P. mirabilis
  • Enterobacter
  • P. jirovecii
  • Children (< 12 yr): 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Children (> 12 yr) and adults: 100-200 mg q 12 hr PO
  • Megaloblastic anemia
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Nausea
  • Epigastric distress
  • Rash
Vancomycin
  • Gram-positive pathogens including Staphylococcus, S. pneumoniae, and Enterococcus
  • C. difficile
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 45 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
  • C. difficile–associated colitis: 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
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