Sandbox g15: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 07:03, 3 June 2015

Antibiotic Agent	Antimicrobial Spectrum	Dosing Information	Notable Adverse Reaction
Amikacin	Escherichia coli Klebsiella Proteus Enterobacter Serratia Pseudomonas	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 10 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Children: 15-25 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM Adults: 15 mg/kg 24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM	Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity
Amoxicillin	Gram-positive pathogens except Staphylococcus Salmonella Shigella Neisseria E. coli Proteus mirabilis	Children: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Higher dose of 80-90 mg/kg 24 hr PO for otitis media Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO	Rash Diarrhea Cramping
Amoxicillin-Clavulanate	S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible Streptococcus Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis E. coli Klebsiella Bacteroides fragilis	Neonates: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO. Children: 20-45 mg/kg 24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Higher dose 80-90 mg/kg/24 hr PO for otitis media.	Diarrhea Rash
Ampicillin	Gram-positive pathogens except Staphylococcus Salmonella Shigella Neisseria E. coli Proteus mirabilis	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM	Diarrhea
Ampicillin-Sulbactam	S. aureus H. influenzae M. catarrhalis E. coli Klebsiella B. fragilis	Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr IV or IM Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max daily dose: 8 g)	Diarrhea Rash
Azithromycin	S. aureus Streptococcus H. influenzae Mycoplasma Legionella Chlamydia trachomatis	Children: 10 mg/kg PO on day 1 (max dose: 500 mg) followed by 5 mg/kg PO q 24 hr for 4 days. Adults: 500 mg PO day 1 followed by 250 mg for 4 days.	Gastrointestinal distress
Aztreonam	Gram-negative aerobic bacteria Enterobacteriaceae Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Children: 90-120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM Adults: 1-2 g IV or IM q 8-12 hr (max dose: 8 g/24 hr)	Rash Thrombophlebitis Eosinophilia
Carbenicillin	Enterobacter Proteus Pseudomonas	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM Children: 400-600 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM	Rash Liver transaminases elevation
Cefaclor	S. aureus S. pneumoniae H. influenzae E. coli Klebsiella Proteus	Children: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g) Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO	Rash Eosinophilia Serum sickness-like reaction
Cefadroxil	S. aureus Streptococcus E. coli Klebsiella Proteus	Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g) Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO	Rash Eosinophilia
Cefazolin	S. aureus Streptococcus E. coli Klebsiella Proteus	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM Adults: 0.5-2g q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia
Cefdinir	Extended-spectrum cephalosporin	Children: 14 mg/kg/24 hr in 1 or 2 doses PO (max dose: 600 mg/24 hr) Adults: 600 mg q 24 hr PO	Diarrhea
Cefepime	Gram-positive bacteria Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa	Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr q 8-12 hr IV or IM Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr q 12 hr IV or IM	Diarrhea Nausea Vaginal candidiasis Rash Eosinophilia
Cefixime	Streptococci H. influenzae M. catarrhalis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Serratia marcescens P. vulgaris	Children: 8 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO Adults: 400 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO	Rash Eosinophilia
Cefoperazone	Gram-positive pathogens Gram-negative pathogens	Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)	Hypoprothrombinemia Disulfiram-life reaction
Cefotaxime	Gram-positive pathogens Gram-negative pathogens	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g) Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia
Cefotetan	S. aureus Streptococcus H. influenzae E. coli Klebsiella Proteus Bacteroides	Children: 40-80 mg/kg/24 hr divided IV or IM q 12 hr Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia Hypoprothrombinemia Disulfiram-life reaction
Cefoxitin	S. aureus Streptococcus H. influenzae E. coli Klebsiella Proteus Bacteroides	Neonates: 70-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM Children: 80-160 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia
Cefpodoxime	S. aureus Streptococcus H. influenzae M. catarrhalis N. gonorrhoeae E. coli Klebsiella Proteus	Children: 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO Adults: 200-800 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia
Cefprozil	S. aureus Streptococcus H. influenzae E. coli M. catarrhalis Klebsiella Proteus	Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO Adults: 500-1,000 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia
Ceftazidime	Gram-positive pathogens Gram-negative pathogens including P. aeruginosa	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g) Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 8-12 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia
Ceftiaoxime	Gram-positive pathogens Gram-negative pathogens	Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia
Ceftriaxone	Gram-positive pathogens Gram-negative pathogens	Neonates: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM Children: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM Adults: 1-2 g q 24 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia
Cefuroxime	S. aureus Streptococcus H. influenzae E. coli M. catarrhalis Klebsiella Proteus	Neonates: 40-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM Children: 200-240 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; 20-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO Adults: 750-1,500 mg q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia
Cephalexin	S. aureus Streptococcus E. coli Klebsiella Proteus	Children: 25-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia
Cephradine	S. aureus Streptococcus E. coli Klebsiella Proteus	Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-12 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia
Chloramphenicol	Gram-positive pathogens Salmonella Enterococcus faecium Bacteroides Mycoplasma Chlamydia Rickettsia	Neonates: loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g) Children: 50-75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or PO Adults: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)	Gray-baby syndrome Bone marrow suppression Aplastic anemia
Ciprofloxacin	P. aeruginosa Serratia Enterobacter Shigella Salmonella Campylobacter N. gonorrhoeae H. influenzae M. catarrhalis	Neonates: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr PO or IV Children: 15-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV Adults: 250-750 mg q 12 hr; 200-400 mg IV q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)	Tendonitis Dizziness Confusion Crystalluria Photosensitivity
Clarithromycin	S. aureus Streptococcus H. influenzae Legionella Mycoplasma C. trachomatis	Children: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO Adults: 250-500 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1 g/24 hr)	Gastrointestinal distress Dyspepsia Nausea Cramping
Clindamycin	Gram-positive aerobic pathogens Anaerobic cocci except Enterococcus	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM divided q 12 hr (≤ 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Children: 10-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO Adults: 150-600 mg q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO)	Diarrhea Nausea Pseudomembranous colitis Rash
Cloxacillin	S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci	Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole	Shigella Legionella Nocardia Chlamydia Pneumocystis jirovecii	Children: 6-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or IV divided q 12 hr PO Adults: 160 mg TMP q 12 hr PO	Rash Erythema multiforme Stevens-Johnson syndrome Nausea Leukopenia
Demeclocycline	Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus Gram-negative bacilli Anaerobes Borrelia burgdorferi Mycoplasma Chlamydia	Children: 8-12 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO Adults: 150 mg PO q 6-8 hr	Teeth staining Photosensitivity Diabetes insipidus Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea
Dicloxacillin	S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci	Children: 12.5-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO Adults: 125-500 mg q 6 hr PO	Rash Eosinophilia
Doripenem	Gram-positive cocci Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa Anaerobes	Adults: 500 mg q 8 hr IV	Rash Eosinophilia
Doxycycline	Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus Gram-negative bacilli Anaerobes B. burgdorferi Mycoplasma Chlamydia	Children: 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200 mg/24 hr) Adults: 100-200 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV	Teeth staining Photosensitivity Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea
Erythromycin	Gram-positive organisms Corynebacterium diphtheriae Mycoplasma pneumoniae	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (< 1,200 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO (> 1,200 g) Children: Usual max dose 2 g/24 hr. Base: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Estolate: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Stearate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Lactobionate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV. Gluceptate: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV; usual max dose 4 g/24 hr IV Adults: Base: 333 mg PO q 8 hr; estolate/stearate/base: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO	Cramping Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Gentamicin	E. coli Klebsiella Proteus Enterobacter Serratia Pseudomonas	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 32.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV once daily Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM	Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity
Imipenem-Cilastatin	Gram-positive cocci Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa Anaerobes	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg q 18-24 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 40 mg/kg divided q 12 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g) Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 60 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Children: 60-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia Nausea Seizures
Linezolid	Staphylococcus Streptococcus E. faecium Enterococcus faecalis	Children: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO Adults: Pneumonia: 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO	Bone marrow suppression Pseudomembranous colitis Nausea Diarrhea Headache
Loracarbef	S. aureus Streptococcus H. influenzae M. catarrhalis E. coli Klebsiella Proteus	Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g) Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia
Meropenem	Gram-positive cocci Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa Anaerobes	Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV	Rash Eosinophilia
Metronidazole	Anaerobes	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV (< 1,200 g); 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV (1,200–2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g) Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (< 2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g) Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)	Dizziness Seizures Metallic taste Nausea Hypoprothrombinemia Disulfiram-like reaction
Mezlocillin	E. coli Enterobacter Serratia Bacteroides	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia Liver transaminases elevation
Mupirocin	Staphylococcus Streptococcus	Topical application to the skin 2-4 times per day	Itching
Nafcillin	S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g) Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia Phlebitis Neutropenia
Nalidixic acid	E. coli Enterobacter Klebsiella Proteus	Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO	Vertigo Dizziness Rash
Neomycin	Gastrointestinal flora	Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO	Cramping Diarrhea Rash Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity
Nitrofurantoin	Gram-positive pathogens Gram-negative pathogens	Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose: 400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr) Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO	Vertigo Dizziness Rash Jaundice Interstitial pneumonitis
Ofloxacin	Gram-positive pathogens Gram-negative pathogens Anaerobes Chlamydia trachomatis	Child (< 12 yr): Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then 1-2 drops qid for 5 days. Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days. Otitis externa: 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days Child (> 12 yr) and adults: Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa: 10 drops bid for 10–14 days as for younger children	Burning Stinging Eye redness Dizziness
Oxacillin	S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV (> 2,000 g) Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g) Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia Neutropenia
Penicillin G	S. pneumoniae Group A Streptococcus N. gonorrhoeae N. meningitidis	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g) Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr) Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM	Rash Eosinophilia Allergy Seizures
Penicillin G, benzathine	Group A Streptococcus	Neonates: 50,000 units/kg IM once Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose: 1.2-2.4 million units/dose) Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk	Rash Eosinophilia Allergy
Penicillin G, procaine	Gram-positive pathogens	Neonates: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose: 4.8 million units/dose) Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM	Rash Eosinophilia Allergy
Penicillin V	S. pneumoniae N. gonorrhoeae N. meningitidis	Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia Allergy
Piperacillin	E. coli Enterobacter Serratia P. aeruginosa Bacteroides	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV	Rash Eosinophilia Serum sickness-like reaction
Piperacillin-Tazobactam	S. aureus H. influenzae E. coli Enterobacter Serratia Acinetobacter P. aeruginosa Bacteroides	Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM	Rash Eosinophilia
Quinupristin-Dalfopristin	E. faecium, vancomycin-resistant S. aureus, methicillin-resistant	Children and adults: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV	Pain Edema Phlebitis Nausea Diarrhea
Sulfadiazine	E. coli P. mirabilis Klebsiella	Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO with folinic acid Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid	Rash Stevens-Johnson syndrome Nausea Leukopenia Crystalluria
Sulfamethoxazole	Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections	Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)	Rash Stevens-Johnson syndrome Nausea Leukopenia Crystalluria
Sulfisoxazole	Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections	Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr) Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO	Rash Stevens-Johnson syndrome Nausea Leukopenia Crystalluria
Ticarcillin	E. coli Enterobacter Serratia P. aeruginosa Bacteroides	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g) Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia Liver transaminases elevation
Ticarcillin-Clavulanate	S. aureus H. influenzae Enterobacter E. coli Serratia P. aeruginosa Acinetobacter Bacteroides	Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr)	Rash Eosinophilia Liver transaminases elevation
Tigecycline	Enterobacteriaceae including ESBL producers Streptococcus Staphylococcus Anaerobes	Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV	Photosensitivity Hypersensitivity Hepatic impairment
Tobramycin	E. coli Klebsiella Enterobacter Serratia Proteus Pseudomonas	Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g) Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM	Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity
Trimethoprim	E. coli Klebsiella P. mirabilis Enterobacter P. jirovecii	Children (< 12 yr): 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO Children (> 12 yr) and adults: 100-200 mg q 12 hr PO	Megaloblastic anemia Bone marrow suppression Nausea Epigastric distress Rash
Vancomycin	Gram-positive pathogens including Staphylococcus, S. pneumoniae, and Enterococcus C. difficile	Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g) Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 45 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (> 2,000 g) Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV C. difficile–associated colitis: 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO	Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity

@@ Line 65: / Line 65: @@
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 * Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
-* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (&lt; 1,200 g); 75 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
+* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (&lt; 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
 * Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
 * Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM
@@ Line 142: / Line 142: @@
 * Rash
 * Eosinophilia
-* Serum sickness
+* Serum sickness-like reaction
 |-
 | '''Cefadroxil'''
@@ Line 457: / Line 457: @@
 * Diarrhea
 * Nausea
-* Clostridium difficile infection
+* Pseudomembranous colitis
 * Rash
 |-
+| '''Cloxacillin'''
 |
-'''Cloxacillin  sodium'''
+* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
-Tegopen.
-Capsule: 250, 500 mg. Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL.
 |
-'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase- negative  staphylococci.'''
+* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
+* Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
-Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Primarily hepatically eliminated; requires dose reduction in renal disease. Food decreases  bioavailability.
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 |-
+| '''Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole'''
 |
-'''Co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole;   TMP-SMZ)'''
+* Shigella
+* Legionella
-Bactrim, Cotrim, Septra, Sulfatrim. Tablet: SMZ 400 mg and TMP 80 mg.
+* Nocardia
+* Chlamydia
-Tablet DS: SMZ 800 mg and TMP 160 mg. Suspension: SMZ 200 mg and TMP
+* Pneumocystis jirovecii
-mg/5 mL. Injection.
 |
-'''Antibiotic combination with sequential antagonism of bacterial folate synthesis with broad antibacterial activity: ''Shigella, Legionella, Nocardia, Chlamydia, Pneumocystis jiroveci. ''Dosage based on TMP component.'''
+* Children: 6-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or IV divided q 12 hr PO
+* Adults: 160 mg TMP q 12 hr PO
-Children: 6-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or IV divided q 12 hr PO.
-''Pneumocystis carinii ''pneumonia: 15-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV.
-''P. carinii ''prophylaxis: 5 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or 3 times/wk PO. Adults: 160 mg TMP q 12 hr PO.
 |
-''Cautions: ''Drug dosed on TMP (trimethoprim) component. Sulfonamide skin reactions: rash, erythema multiforme,
+* Rash
+* Erythema multiforme
-Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia. Renal and hepatic elimination; reduce dose in renal failure.
+* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
+* Nausea
-''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, possibly phenytoin, cyclosporine.
+* Leukopenia
 |-
+| '''Demeclocycline'''
 |
-'''Demeclocycline'''
+* Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
+* Gram-negative bacilli
-Declomycin.
+* Anaerobes
+* Borrelia burgdorferi
-Tablet: 150, 300 mg.
+* Mycoplasma
+* Chlamydia
-Capsule: 150 mg.
 |
-'''Tetracycline active against most gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus'', many gram-negative bacilli, anaerobes, ''Borrelia burgdorferi ''(Lyme disease), ''Mycoplasma, ''and ''Chlamydia.'''''
+* Children: 8-12 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
+* Adults: 150 mg PO q 6-8 hr
-Children: 8-12 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO. Adults: 150 mg PO q 6-8 hr.
-Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: 900- 1,200 mg/24 hr or 13-15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO with dose reduction based on response to 600-900 mg/24 hr.
 |
-''Cautions: ''Teeth staining, possibly permanent (if administered 8 yr of age) with prolonged use; photosensitivity, diabetes insipidus, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, superinfections.
+* Teeth staining
+* Photosensitivity
-''Drug interactions: ''Aluminum-, calcium-, magnesium-, zinc- and iron-containing food, milk, dairy products may decrease absorption.
+* Diabetes insipidus
+* Nausea
+* Vomiting
+* Diarrhea
 |-
+| '''Dicloxacillin'''
 |
-'''Dicloxacillin'''
+* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
-Dynapen, Pathocil.
-Capsule: 125, 250, 500 mg. Suspension: 62.5 mg/5 mL.
 |
-'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase- negative  staphylococci.'''
+* Children: 12.5-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
+* Adults: 125-500 mg q 6 hr PO
-Children: 12.5-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Adults: 125-500 mg q 6 hr PO.
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Primarily renally (65%) and bile (30%) elimination. Food may decrease bioavailability.
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 |-
+| '''Doripenem'''
 |
-'''Doripenem '''Doribax. Injection.
+* Gram-positive cocci
+* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
+* Anaerobes
 |
-'''Carbapenem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli, including'''
+* Adults: 500 mg q 8 hr IV
-'''''P. aeruginosa ''and anaerobes.'''
-Children: dose unknown. Adults: 500 mg q 8 hr IV.
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile; does not undergo hepatic metabolism. Renal elimination (70-75%); dose adjustment for renal failure.
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-''Drug interactions: ''Valproic acid, probenecid.
 |-
+| '''Doxycycline'''
 |
-'''Doxycycline '''Vibramycin, Doxy. Injection.
+* Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
+* Gram-negative bacilli
-Capsule: 50, 100 mg.
+* Anaerobes
+* B. burgdorferi
-Tablet: 50, 100 mg. Suspension: 25 mg/5 mL. Syrup: 50 mg/5 mL.
+* Mycoplasma
+* Chlamydia
 |
-'''Tetracycline antibiotic active against most gram-positive cocci except ''Enterococcus, ''many gram-negative bacilli, anaerobes,'''
+* Children: 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200 mg/24 hr)
+* Adults: 100-200 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV
-'''''B. burgdorferi ''(Lyme disease), ''Mycoplasma, ''and ''Chlamydia.'''''
-Children: 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200  mg/24  hr).
-Adults: 100-200 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV.
 |
-''Cautions: ''Teeth staining, possibly permanent (8 yr of age) with prolonged use; photosensitivity, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, superinfections.
+* Teeth staining
+* Photosensitivity
-''Drug interactions: ''Aluminum-, calcium-, magnesium-, zinc-, iron-, kaolin-, and pectin-containing products, food, milk, dairy products may decrease absorption. Carbamazepine, rifampin, barbiturates may decrease half-life.
+* Nausea
+* Vomiting
+* Diarrhea
 |-
+| '''Erythromycin'''
 |
-'''Erythromycin'''
+* Gram-positive organisms
+* Corynebacterium diphtheriae
-E-Mycin, Ery-Tab, Ery-C, Ilosone. Estolate 125, 500 mg.
+* Mycoplasma pneumoniae
-Tablet EES: 200 mg.
-Tablet base: 250, 333, 500 mg. Suspension: estolate 125 mg/5 mL,
-mg/5 mL, EES 200 mg/5 mL, 400 mg/5 mL.
-Estolate drops: 100 mg/mL. EES drops:
-mg/2.5 mL. Available in combination with sulfisoxazole (Pediazole), dosed on erythromycin content.
 |
-'''Bacteriostatic macrolide antibiotic most active against gram- positive organisms, ''Corynebacterium diphtheriae, ''and ''Mycoplasma  pneumoniae.'''''
+* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
+* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (&lt; 1,200 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO (&gt; 1,200 g)
-Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days: 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO;
+* Children: Usual max dose 2 g/24 hr. Base: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Estolate: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Stearate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Lactobionate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV. Gluceptate: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV; usual max dose 4 g/24 hr IV
+* Adults: Base: 333 mg PO q 8 hr; estolate/stearate/base: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO
-7 days 1,200 g: 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO; 1,200 g:
-mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO (give as 5 mg/kg/dose q 6 hr to
-improve feeding intolerance). Children: Usual max dose 2 g/24 hr.
-Base: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Estolate: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Stearate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Lactobionate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV.
-Gluceptate: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV; usual max dose 4 g/24 hr IV.
-Adults: Base: 333 mg PO q 8 hr; estolate/stearate/base: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO.
 |
-''Cautions: ''Motilin agonist leading to marked abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in young infants. Many different salts with questionable tempering of gastrointestinal adverse events. Rare cardiac toxicity with IV use. Dose of salts differ. Topical formulation for treatment of acne.
+* Cramping
+* Nausea
-''Drug interactions: ''Antagonizes hepatic CYP 3A4 activity:  astemizole,  carbamazepine, terfenadine,  cyclosporine,  theophylline, digoxin,  tacrolimus,  carbamazepine.
+* Vomiting
+* Diarrhea
+* Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
 |-
+| '''Gentamicin'''
 |
-'''Gentamicin '''Garamycin. Injection.
+* E. coli
+* Klebsiella
-Ophthalmic solution, ointment, topical cream.
+* Proteus
+* Enterobacter
+* Serratia
+* Pseudomonas
 |
-'''Aminoglycoside antibiotic active against gram-negative bacilli, especially ''E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Serratia, ''and ''Pseudomonas.'''''
+* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
+* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 32.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
-Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q
+* Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV once daily
+* Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
--18 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM; postnatal
-age 7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM;
-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM.
-Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM. Alternatively
-may administer 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV once daily. Intrathecal: Preservative-free preparation for intraventricular or
-intrathecal use: neonate: 1 mg/24 hr; children: 1-2 mg/24 hr IT; adults: 4-8 mg/24 hr.
-Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 |
-''Cautions: ''Anaerobes, ''S. pneumoniae, ''and other ''Streptococcus ''are resistant. May cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Monitor renal function. Drug eliminated renally. Administered IV over 30-60 min.
+* Ototoxicity
+* Nephrotoxicity
-''Drug interactions: ''May potentiate other ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs.
-''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak 6-12 mg/L; trough 2 mg/L with intermittent daily dose regimens only.
 |-
+| '''Imipenem-Cilastatin'''
 |
-'''Imipenem-cilastatin'''
+* Gram-positive cocci
+* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
-Primaxin. Injection.
+* Anaerobes
 |
-'''Carbapenem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli, including'''
+* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg q 18-24 hr IV or IM (&lt; 1,200 g); 40 mg/kg divided q 12 hr IV or IM (&gt; 1,200 g)
+* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 40 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 60 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
-'''''P. aeruginosa ''and anaerobes. No activity against'''
+* Children: 60-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
+* Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
-'''''Stenotrophomonas   maltophilia.'''''
-Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200 g: 20 mg/kg q 18-24 hr IV or IM; 1,200 g: 40 mg/kg divided q 12 hr IV or IM; postnatal age
-7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 40 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 60 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM.
-Children: 60-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM.
-Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), nausea, seizures. Cilastatin possesses no antibacterial activity; reduces renal imipenem metabolism. Primarily renally eliminated.
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-''Drug interaction: ''Possibly ganciclovir.
+* Nausea
+* Seizures
 |-
+| '''Linezolid'''
 |
-'''Linezolid'''
+* Staphylococcus
+* Streptococcus
-Zyvox.
+* E. faecium
+* Enterococcus faecalis
-Tablet: 400, 600 mg.
-Oral suspension: 100 mg/5 mL. Injection: 100 mg/5 mL.
 |
-'''Oxazolidinone  antibiotic  active  against  gram-positive  cocci (especially  drug-resistant  organisms),  including ''Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. faecium, ''and ''Enterococcus faecalis. ''Interferes with protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosome  subunit.'''
+* Children: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO
+* Adults: Pneumonia: 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO
-Children: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO.
-Adults: Pneumonia: 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO; skin infections: 400 mg q 12 hr IV or PO.
 |
-''Adverse events: ''Myelosuppression, pseudomembranous  colitis,  nausea,  diarrhea, headache.
+* Bone marrow suppression
+* Pseudomembranous colitis
-''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
+* Nausea
+* Diarrhea
+* Headache
 |-
+| '''Loracarbef'''
 |
-'''Loracarbef'''
+* S. aureus
+* Streptococcus
-Lorabid.
+* H. influenzae
+* M. catarrhalis
-Capsule: 200 mg.
+* E. coli
+* Klebsiella
-Suspension: 100 mg/5 mL, 200 mg/5 mL.
+* Proteus
 |
-'''Carbacephem very closely related to cefaclor (2nd generation cephalosporin) active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
+* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
+* Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
-Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g). Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr).
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 |-
+| '''Meropenem'''
 |
-'''Meropenem '''Merrem. Injection.
+* Gram-positive cocci
+* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
+* Anaerobes
 |
-'''Carbapenem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli, including ''P. aeruginosa ''and anaerobes. No activity against ''Stenotrophomonas   maltophilia.'''''
+* Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV
+* Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV
-Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV meningitis: 120 mg/ kg/24 hr (max dose: 6 g/24 hr) q 8 hr IV.
-Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV.
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile; appears to possess less CNS excitation than imipenem. 80% renal elimination.
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 |-
+| '''Metronidazole'''
 |
-'''Metronidazole'''
+* Anaerobes
-Flagyl, Metro-IV, generic. Topical gel, vaginal gel. Injection.
-Tablet: 250, 500 mg.
 |
-'''Highly effective in the treatment of infections due to anaerobes.'''
+* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV (1,200–2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
+* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (&lt; 2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
-Neonates: 1,200 g: 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV; postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV; 2,000 g: 15 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV; postnatal age 7 days
+* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV
+* Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
-,200-2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV; 2,000 g: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV.
-Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV.
-Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 |
-''Cautions: ''Dizziness, seizures, metallic taste, nausea, disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol. Administer IV slow over 30-60 min. Adjust dose with hepatic impairment.
+* Dizziness
+* Seizures
-''Drug interactions: ''Carbamazepine, rifampin, phenobarbital may enhance metabolism; may increase levels of warfarin, phenytoin, lithium.
+* Metallic taste
+* Nausea
+* Hypoprothrombinemia
+* Disulfiram-like reaction
 |-
+| '''Mezlocillin'''
 |
-'''Mezlocillin sodium'''
+* E. coli
+* Enterobacter
-Mezlin. Infection.
+* Serratia
+* Bacteroides
 |
-<center>'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, ''and ''Bacteroides; ''limited antipseudomonal activity. '''Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV;</center>
+* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV
+* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV
-7 days: 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV.
+* Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
+* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
-Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis
--450 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
-Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.8 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation with high doses; increases noted in liver function test results. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-<center>-lactamase enzyme.</center>
+* Liver transaminases elevation
-''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 |-
+| '''Mupirocin'''
 |
-'''Mupirocin '''Bactroban. Ointment.
+* Staphylococcus
+* Streptococcus
 |
-'''Topical antibiotic active against ''Staphylococcus ''and'''
+* Topical application to the skin 2-4 times per day
-'''''Streptococcus.'''''
-Topical application: Nasal (eliminate nasal carriage) and to the skin 2-4 times per day.
 |
-''Caution: ''Minimal systemic absorption as drug metabolized within the skin.
+* Itching
 |-
+| '''Nafcillin'''
 |
-'''Nafcillin sodium '''Nafcil, Unipen. Injection. Capsule: 250 mg.
+* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
-Tablet: 500 mg.
 |
-'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci, except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase-negative   staphylococci.'''
+* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
+* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr IV (&lt; 2,000 g); 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
-Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; postnatal age 7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr;
+* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
+* Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
-2,000 g: 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (meningitis: 200 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV).
-Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV.
-Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), phlebitis; painful given intramuscularly; oral absorption highly variable and erratic (not recommended).
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-''Adverse effect: ''Neutropenia.
+* Phlebitis
+* Neutropenia
 |-
+| '''Nalidixic acid'''
 |
-'''Nalidixic acid'''
+* E. coli
+* Enterobacter
-NegGram.
+* Klebsiella
+* Proteus
-Tablet: 250, 500, 1,000 mg. Suspension: 250 mg/5 mL.
 |
-'''1st generation quinolone effective for short-term treatment of lower urinary tract infections caused by ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
+* Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
+* Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO
-Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
-Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO.
 |
-''Cautions: ''Vertigo, dizziness, rash. Not for use in systemic infections.
+* Vertigo
+* Dizziness
-''Drug interactions: ''Liquid antacids.
+* Rash
 |-
+| '''Neomycin'''
 |
-'''Neomycin sulfate '''Mycifradin, generic. Tablet: 500 mg.
+* Gastrointestinal flora
-Topical cream, ointment. Solution: 125 mg/5 mL.
 |
-'''Aminoglycoside antibiotic used for topical application or orally before surgery to decrease gastrointestinal flora (nonabsorbable)  and  hyperammonemia.'''
+* Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
+* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
-Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO.
+* Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO
 |
-''Cautions: ''In patients with renal dysfunction because small amount absorbed may accumulate.
+* Cramping
+* Diarrhea
-''Adverse events: ''Primarily related to topical application, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, rash. Aminoglycoside ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity if absorbed.
+* Rash
+* Ototoxicity
+* Nephrotoxicity
 |-
+| '''Nitrofurantoin'''
 |
-'''Nitrofurantoin'''
+* Gram-positive pathogens
+* Gram-negative pathogens
-Furadantin, Furan, Macrodantin. Capsule: 50, 100 mg.
-Extended-release capsule: 100 mg. Macrocrystal: 50, 100 mg. Suspension: 25 mg/5 mL.
 |
-'''Effective in the treatment of lower urinary tract infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.'''
+* Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose: 400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr)
+* Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
-Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose:
-mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr).
-Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO.
 |
-''Cautions: ''Vertigo, dizziness, rash, jaundice, interstitial pneumonitis. Do not use with moderate to severe renal dysfunction.
+* Vertigo
+* Dizziness
-''Drug interactions: ''Liquid antacids.
+* Rash
+* Jaundice
+* Interstitial pneumonitis
 |-
+| '''Ofloxacin'''
 |
-'''Ofloxacin'''
+* Gram-positive pathogens
+* Gram-negative pathogens
-Ocuflox 0.3% ophthalmic solution: 1, 5,
+* Anaerobes
+* Chlamydia trachomatis
-<center>10 mL.</center>
-Floxin 0.3% otic solution: 5, 10 mL.
 |
-'''Quinolone antibiotic for treatment of conjunctivitis or corneal ulcers (ophthalmic solution) and otitis externa or chronic suppurative otitis media (otic solution) caused by susceptible gram-positive, gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria, or ''Chlamydia  trachomatis.'''''
+* Child (&lt; 12 yr): Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then 1-2 drops qid for 5 days. Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days. Otitis externa: 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days
+* Child (&gt; 12 yr) and adults: Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa: 10 drops bid for 10–14 days as for younger children
-''Child ''''1-12 yr:''
-Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then
--2 drops qid for 5 days.
-Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days.
-Otitis externa (otic solution): 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days.
-Chronic suppurative otitis media: treat for 14 days.
-''Child ''''12 yr and adults: ''Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa (otic solution): Use 10 drops bid for 10 or 14 days as for younger children.
 |
-''Adverse events: ''Burning, stinging, eye redness (ophthalmic solution), dizziness with otic solution if not warmed.
+* Burning
+* Stinging
+* Eye redness
+* Dizziness
 |-
+| '''Oxacillin'''
 |
-'''Oxacillin sodium '''Prostaphlin. Injection.
+* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
-Capsule: 250, 500 mg. Suspension: 250 mg/5 mL.
 |
-'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci, except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase-negative   staphylococci.'''
+* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (&lt; 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
+* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
-Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; 2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV; postnatal age 7 days 1,200 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV; 2,000 g:
+* Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
+* Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
-mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV.
+* Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
-Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV. Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV.
-Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia).
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-Moderate oral bioavailability (35-65%). Primarily renally eliminated.
+* Neutropenia
-''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
-''Adverse effect: ''Neutropenia.
 |-
+| '''Penicillin G'''
 |
-'''Penicillin G '''Injection. Tablets.
+* S. pneumoniae
+* Group A Streptococcus
+* N. gonorrhoeae
+* N. meningitidis
 |
-'''Penicillin active against most gram-positive cocci; ''S. pneumoniae ''(resistance is increasing), group A streptococcus, and some gram-negative bacteria  (e.g.,  ''N. gonorrhoeae,  N.  meningitidis'').'''
+* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
+* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
-Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 100,000 units/
+* Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr)
+* Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM
-kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM); 2,000 g: 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 150,000 units/kg/24 hr divided  q 8 hr IV or IM); postnatal age 7 days ≤1,200 g: 50,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (meningitis: 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV); 1,200-2,000 g: 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (meningitis: 225,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV); 2,000 g: 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (meningitis: 200,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV).
-Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr).
-Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM.
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy, seizures with excessive doses particularly in patients with marked renal disease. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
+* Allergy
+* Seizures
 |-
+| '''Penicillin G, benzathine'''
 |
-'''Penicillin G, benzathine'''
+* Group A Streptococcus
-Bicillin. Injection.
 |
-'''Long-acting repository form of penicillin effective in the treatment of infections responsive to persistent, low penicillin concentrations (1-4 wk), e.g., group A streptococcus pharyngitis, rheumatic fever prophylaxis.'''
+* Neonates: 50,000 units/kg IM once
+* Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose: 1.2-2.4 million units/dose)
-Neonates 1,200 g: 50,000 units/kg IM once.
+* Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk
-Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose:
-.2-2.4 million units/dose).
-Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk.
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy. Administer by IM injection only. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
+* Allergy
 |-
+| '''Penicillin G, procaine'''
 |
-'''Penicillin G, procaine'''
+* Gram-positive pathogens
-Crysticillin. Injection.
 |
-'''Repository form of penicillin providing low penicillin concentrations for 12 hr.'''
+* Neonates: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM
+* Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose: 4.8 million units/dose)
-Neonates 1,200 g: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM.
+* Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM
-Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose:
-.8 million units/dose).
-Gonorrhea: 100,000 units/kg (max dose: 4.8 million units/24 hr) IM once with probenecid 25 mg/kg (max dose: 1 g)
-Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM.
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia) allergy. Administer by IM injection only. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
+* Allergy
 |-
+| '''Penicillin V'''
 |
-'''Penicillin V'''
+* S. pneumoniae
+* N. gonorrhoeae
-Pen VK, V-Cillin K.
+* N. meningitidis
-Tablet: 125, 250, 500 mg.
-Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL.
 |
-'''Preferred oral dosing form of penicillin, active against most gram-positive cocci; ''S. pneumoniae ''(resistance is increasing), other ''Streptococcus, ''and some gram-negative bacteria (e.g.,'''
+* Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO
+* Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
-'''''N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis'').'''
-Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO. Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr).
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy, seizures with excessive doses particularly in patients with renal disease. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-''Drug interaction'': Probenecid.
+* Allergy
 |-
+| '''Piperacillin'''
 |
-'''Piperacillin '''Pipracil. Injection.
+* E. coli
+* Enterobacter
+* Serratia
+* P. aeruginosa
+* Bacteroides
 |
-'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
+* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
+* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV
-Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; 7 days; 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV.
+* Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
+* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV
-Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis: 350-500 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
-Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV.
 |
-''Cautions'': -Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.9 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation/serum sickness-like reaction with high doses; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
+* Serum sickness-like reaction
 |-
+| '''Piperacillin-Tazobactam'''
 |
-'''Piperacillin-tazobactam'''
+* S. aureus
+* H. influenzae
-Zosyn. Injection.
+* E. coli
+* Enterobacter
+* Serratia
+* Acinetobacter
+* P. aeruginosa
+* Bacteroides
 |
-'''Extended-spectrum penicillin (piperacillin) combined with a'''
+* Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
+* Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM
-β-lactamase inhibitor (tazobactam) active against ''S. aureus, H. influenzae, E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
-Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM. Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM.
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.9 mEq sodium.
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-Interferes with platelet aggregation, serum sickness–like reaction with high doses, increases in liver function test results. Renally eliminated.
-''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 |-
+| '''Quinupristin-Dalfopristin'''
 |
-'''Quinupristin/dalfopristin'''
+* E. faecium, vancomycin-resistant
+* S. aureus, methicillin-resistant
-Synercid.
-IV injection: powder for reconstitution, 10 mL contains 150 mg quinupristin,
-<center>350 mg dalfopristin.</center>
 |
-'''Streptogramin antibiotic (quinupristin) active against vancomycin-resistant ''E. faecium ''(VRE) and methicillin- resistant ''S. aureus ''(MRSA)''. ''Not active against ''E. faecalis.'''''
+* Children and adults: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV
-Children and adults: VRE: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV for VRE; skin infections:
-.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV.
 |
-''Adverse events: ''Pain, edema, or phlebitis at injection site, nausea, diarrhea.
+* Pain
+* Edema
-''Drug interactions: ''Synercid is a potent inhibitor of CYP 3A4.
+* Phlebitis
+* Nausea
+* Diarrhea
 |-
+| '''Sulfadiazine'''
 |
-'''Sulfadiazine'''
+* E. coli
+* P. mirabilis
-Tablet: 500 mg.
+* Klebsiella
 |
-'''Sulfonamide antibiotic primarily indicated for the treatment of lower urinary tract infections due to ''E. coli, P. mirabilis, ''and ''Klebsiella.'''''
+* Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO with folinic acid
+* Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid
-Toxoplasmosis:
-Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO (with folinic acid).
-Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid.
-Rheumatic fever prophylaxis: ≤30 kg: 500 mg/24 hr q 24 hr PO;
-30 kg: 1 g/24 hr q 24 hr PO.
 |
-''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life  ∼10  hr.
+* Rash
+* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
-''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
+* Nausea
+* Leukopenia
+* Crystalluria
 |-
+| '''Sulfamethoxazole'''
 |
-'''Sulfamethoxazole'''
+* Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
-Gantanol. Tablet: 500 mg.
-Suspension: 500 mg/5 mL.
 |
-'''Sulfonamide antibiotic used for the treatment of otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections due to susceptible bacteria.'''
+* Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
+* Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
-Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO. Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr).
 |
-''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life 12 hr. Initial dose often a loading dose (doubled).
+* Rash
+* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
-''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
+* Nausea
+* Leukopenia
+* Crystalluria
 |-
+| '''Sulfisoxazole'''
 |
-'''Sulfisoxazole '''Gantrisin. Tablet: 500 mg.
+* Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
-Suspension: 500 mg/5 mL. Ophthalmic solution, ointment.
 |
-'''Sulfonamide antibiotic used for the treatment of otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections due to susceptible bacteria.'''
+* Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
+* Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO
-Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr).
-Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO.
 |
-''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life ∼7-12 hr. Initial dose often a loading dose (doubled).
+* Rash
+* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
-''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
+* Nausea
+* Leukopenia
+* Crystalluria
 |-
+| '''Ticarcillin'''
 |
-'''Ticarcillin '''Ticar. Injection.
+* E. coli
+* Enterobacter
+* Serratia
+* P. aeruginosa
+* Bacteroides
 |
-'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
+* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
+* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
-Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 2,000 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided  q 8-12 hr IV; 7 days 2,000 g: 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV;
+* Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
+* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr)
-7 days 1,200 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; 1,200-
-,000 g: 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV; 2,000 g: 300 mg/
-kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV.
-Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis: 400-600 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
-Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr).
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 5-6 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
+* Liver transaminases elevation
 |-
+| '''Ticarcillin-Clavulanate'''
 |
-'''Ticarcillin-clavulanate'''
+* S. aureus
+* H. influenzae
-Timentin. Injection.
+* Enterobacter
+* E. coli
+* Serratia
+* P. aeruginosa
+* Acinetobacter
+* Bacteroides
 |
-'''Extended-spectrum penicillin (ticarcillin) combined with a'''
+* Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM
+* Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr)
-β-lactamase inhibitor (clavulanate) active against ''S. aureus, H. influenzae, Enterobacter, E. coli, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
-Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM.
-Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr).
 |
-''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 5-6 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated.
+* Rash
+* Eosinophilia
-''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
+* Liver transaminases elevation
 |-
+| '''Tigecycline'''
 |
-'''Tigecycline '''Tygacil. Injection.
+* Enterobacteriaceae including ESBL producers
+* Streptococcus
+* Staphylococcus
+* Anaerobes
 |
-'''Tetracycline-class antibiotic (glycylcycline) active against Enterobacteriaceae, including ESBL producers; streptococci (including VRE); staphylococci (including MRSA); and anaerobes.'''
+* Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV
-Children: unknown.
-Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV.
 |
-''Cautions: ''Pregnancy; children under 8 yr of age; photosensitivity; hypersensitivity to tetracyclines; hepatic impairment (~60% hepatic  clearance).
+* Photosensitivity
+* Hypersensitivity
-''Drug interaction: ''Warfarin; mycophenolate mofetil.
+* Hepatic impairment
 |-
+| '''Tobramycin'''
 |
-'''Tobramycin '''Nebcin, Tobrex. Injection.
+* E. coli
+* Klebsiella
-Ophthalmic solution, ointment.
+* Enterobacter
+* Serratia
+* Proteus
+* Pseudomonas
 |
-'''Aminoglycoside antibiotic active against gram-negative bacilli, especially ''E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Proteus, ''and ''Pseudomonas.'''''
+* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q12-18 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
+* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
-Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days, 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q
+* Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV
+* Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
--18 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM; postnatal
-age 7 days, 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM;
-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM.
-Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM. Alternatively
-may administer 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV. Preservative-free preparation for intraventricular or intrathecal use: neonate: 1 mg/24 hr; children: 1-2 mg/24 hr; adults: 4-8 mg/24 hr.
-Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 |
-''Cautions: S. pneumoniae, ''other ''Streptococcus, ''and anaerobes are resistant. May cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Monitor renal function. Drug eliminated renally. Administered IV over 30-60 min.
+* Ototoxicity
+* Nephrotoxicity
-''Drug interactions: ''May potentiate other ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs.
-''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak 6-12 mg/L; trough 2 mg/L.
 |-
+| '''Trimethoprim'''
 |
-'''Trimethoprim '''Proloprim, Trimpex. Tablet: 100, 200 mg
+* E. coli
+* Klebsiella
+* P. mirabilis
+* Enterobacter
+* P. jirovecii
 |
-'''Folic acid antagonist effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of ''E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis, ''and ''Enterobacter ''urinary tract infections; ''P. carinii ''pneumonia.'''
+* Children (&lt; 12 yr): 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
+* Children (&gt; 12 yr) and adults: 100-200 mg q 12 hr PO
-Children: For urinary tract infection: 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
-Children ''12 yr and adults: ''100-200 mg q 12 hr PO. ''P. carinii ''pneumonia (with dapsone): 15-20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr for 21 days PO.
 |
-''Cautions: ''Megaloblastic anemia, bone marrow suppression, nausea, epigastric distress, rash.
+* Megaloblastic anemia
+* Bone marrow suppression
-''Drug interactions: ''Possible interactions with phenytoin, cyclosporine, rifampin, warfarin.
+* Nausea
+* Epigastric distress
+* Rash
 |-
+| '''Vancomycin'''
 |
-'''Vancomycin '''Vancocin,  Luphocin. Injection.
+* Gram-positive pathogens including Staphylococcus, S. pneumoniae, and Enterococcus
+* C. difficile
-Capsule: 125 mg, 250 mg. Suspension.
 |
-'''Glycopeptide antibiotic active against most gram-positive pathogens including ''Staphylococcus ''(including ''MRSA ''and coagulase-negative staphylococci), ''S. pneumoniae ''including penicillin-resistant strains, ''Enterococcus ''(resistance is increasing), and ''C. difficile–as''sociated colitis.'''
+* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
+* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 45 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
-Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days, 1,200 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV;
+* Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
+* C. difficile–associated colitis: 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
-2,000 g: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; postnatal age 7
-days, 1,200 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g:
-mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; 2,000 g: 45 mg/kg/24 hr
-divided q 8 hr IV.
-Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; ''C. difficile''– associated colitis; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
--50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
 |
-''Cautions: ''Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity particularly when co-administered with other ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs.
+* Ototoxicity
+* Nephrotoxicity
-Infuse IV over 45-60 min. Flushing (red man syndrome) associated with rapid IV infusions, fever, chills, phlebitis (central line is preferred). Renally eliminated.
-''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak (1 hr after
-hr infusion) 30-40 mg/L; trough 5-10 mg/L.
 |}

Sandbox g15: Difference between revisions

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