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* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM
* Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM
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* Rash
* Rash
* Eosinophilia
* Eosinophilia
* Serum sickness
* Serum sickness-like reaction
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| '''Cefadroxil'''
| '''Cefadroxil'''
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* Headache
* Headache
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| '''Loracarbef'''
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'''Loracarbef'''
* S. aureus
 
* Streptococcus
Lorabid.
* H. influenzae
 
* M. catarrhalis
Capsule: 200 mg.
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
Suspension: 100 mg/5 mL, 200 mg/5 mL.
* Proteus
 
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'''Carbacephem very closely related to cefaclor (2nd generation cephalosporin) active against ''S. aureus, Streptococcus, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, E. coli, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
 
* Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g). Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr).
 
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''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia). Renally  eliminated.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
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| '''Meropenem'''
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'''Meropenem '''Merrem. Injection.
* Gram-positive cocci
 
* Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
* Anaerobes
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'''Carbapenem antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli, including ''P. aeruginosa ''and anaerobes. No activity against ''Stenotrophomonas  maltophilia.'''''
* Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV
 
* Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV
Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV meningitis: 120 mg/ kg/24 hr (max dose: 6 g/24 hr) q 8 hr IV.
 
Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV.
 
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''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile; appears to possess less CNS excitation than imipenem. 80% renal elimination.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
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| '''Metronidazole'''
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'''Metronidazole'''
* Anaerobes
 
Flagyl, Metro-IV, generic. Topical gel, vaginal gel. Injection.
 
Tablet: 250, 500 mg.
 
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'''Highly effective in the treatment of infections due to anaerobes.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV (< 1,200 g); 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV (1,200–2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (< 2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
Neonates: 1,200 g: 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV; postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV; 2,000 g: 15 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV; postnatal age 7 days
* Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV
 
* Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
1,200-2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV; 2,000 g: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV.
 
Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV.
 
Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr).
 
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''Cautions: ''Dizziness, seizures, metallic taste, nausea, disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol. Administer IV slow over 30-60 min. Adjust dose with hepatic impairment.
* Dizziness
 
* Seizures
''Drug interactions: ''Carbamazepine, rifampin, phenobarbital may enhance metabolism; may increase levels of warfarin, phenytoin, lithium.
* Metallic taste
 
* Nausea
* Hypoprothrombinemia
* Disulfiram-like reaction
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| '''Mezlocillin'''
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'''Mezlocillin sodium'''
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
Mezlin. Infection.
* Serratia
 
* Bacteroides
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<center>'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, ''and ''Bacteroides; ''limited antipseudomonal activity. '''Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV;</center>
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV
7 days: 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV.
* Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis
 
300-450 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
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''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.8 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation with high doses; increases noted in liver function test results. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
<center>-lactamase enzyme.</center>
* Liver transaminases elevation
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
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| '''Mupirocin'''
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'''Mupirocin '''Bactroban. Ointment.
* Staphylococcus
 
* Streptococcus
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'''Topical antibiotic active against ''Staphylococcus ''and'''
* Topical application to the skin 2-4 times per day
 
'''''Streptococcus.'''''
 
Topical application: Nasal (eliminate nasal carriage) and to the skin 2-4 times per day.
 
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''Caution: ''Minimal systemic absorption as drug metabolized within the skin.
* Itching
 
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| '''Nafcillin'''
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'''Nafcillin sodium '''Nafcil, Unipen. Injection. Capsule: 250 mg.
* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
 
Tablet: 500 mg.
 
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'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci, except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase-negative  staphylococci.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr IV (&lt; 2,000 g); 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; postnatal age 7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr;
* Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
2,000 g: 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (meningitis: 200 mg/ kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV).
 
Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV.
 
Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
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''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), phlebitis; painful given intramuscularly; oral absorption highly variable and erratic (not recommended).
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Adverse effect: ''Neutropenia.
* Phlebitis
 
* Neutropenia
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| '''Nalidixic acid'''
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'''Nalidixic acid'''
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
NegGram.
* Klebsiella
 
* Proteus
Tablet: 250, 500, 1,000 mg. Suspension: 250 mg/5 mL.
 
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'''1st generation quinolone effective for short-term treatment of lower urinary tract infections caused by ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, ''and ''Proteus.'''''
* Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
 
* Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO
Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
 
Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO.
 
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''Cautions: ''Vertigo, dizziness, rash. Not for use in systemic infections.
* Vertigo
 
* Dizziness
''Drug interactions: ''Liquid antacids.
* Rash
 
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| '''Neomycin'''
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'''Neomycin sulfate '''Mycifradin, generic. Tablet: 500 mg.
* Gastrointestinal flora
 
Topical cream, ointment. Solution: 125 mg/5 mL.
 
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'''Aminoglycoside antibiotic used for topical application or orally before surgery to decrease gastrointestinal flora (nonabsorbable)  and  hyperammonemia.'''
* Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
 
* Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO.
* Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO
 
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''Cautions: ''In patients with renal dysfunction because small amount absorbed may accumulate.
* Cramping
 
* Diarrhea
''Adverse events: ''Primarily related to topical application, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, rash. Aminoglycoside ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity if absorbed.
* Rash
 
* Ototoxicity
* Nephrotoxicity
|-
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| '''Nitrofurantoin'''
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'''Nitrofurantoin'''
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
Furadantin, Furan, Macrodantin. Capsule: 50, 100 mg.
 
Extended-release capsule: 100 mg. Macrocrystal: 50, 100 mg. Suspension: 25 mg/5 mL.
 
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'''Effective in the treatment of lower urinary tract infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.'''
* Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose: 400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose:
 
400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr).
 
Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO.
 
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''Cautions: ''Vertigo, dizziness, rash, jaundice, interstitial pneumonitis. Do not use with moderate to severe renal dysfunction.
* Vertigo
 
* Dizziness
''Drug interactions: ''Liquid antacids.
* Rash
 
* Jaundice
* Interstitial pneumonitis
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| '''Ofloxacin'''
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'''Ofloxacin'''
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
* Gram-negative pathogens
Ocuflox 0.3% ophthalmic solution: 1, 5,
* Anaerobes
 
* Chlamydia trachomatis
<center>10 mL.</center>
 
Floxin 0.3% otic solution: 5, 10 mL.
 
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'''Quinolone antibiotic for treatment of conjunctivitis or corneal ulcers (ophthalmic solution) and otitis externa or chronic suppurative otitis media (otic solution) caused by susceptible gram-positive, gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria, or ''Chlamydia  trachomatis.'''''
* Child (&lt; 12 yr): Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then 1-2 drops qid for 5 days. Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days. Otitis externa: 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days
 
* Child (&gt; 12 yr) and adults: Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa: 10 drops bid for 10–14 days as for younger children
''Child ''''1-12 yr:''
 
Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then
 
1-2 drops qid for 5 days.
 
Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days.
 
Otitis externa (otic solution): 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days.
 
Chronic suppurative otitis media: treat for 14 days.
 
''Child ''''12 yr and adults: ''Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa (otic solution): Use 10 drops bid for 10 or 14 days as for younger children.
 
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''Adverse events: ''Burning, stinging, eye redness (ophthalmic solution), dizziness with otic solution if not warmed.
* Burning
 
* Stinging
* Eye redness
* Dizziness
|-
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| '''Oxacillin'''
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'''Oxacillin sodium '''Prostaphlin. Injection.
* S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
 
Capsule: 250, 500 mg. Suspension: 250 mg/5 mL.
 
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'''Penicillinase-resistant penicillin active against ''S. aureus ''and other gram-positive cocci, except ''Enterococcus ''and coagulase-negative  staphylococci.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (&lt; 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; 2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV; postnatal age 7 days 1,200 g: 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g: 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV; 2,000 g:
* Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV.
* Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
 
Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV. Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr).
 
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''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia).
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
Moderate oral bioavailability (35-65%). Primarily renally eliminated.
* Neutropenia
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
''Adverse effect: ''Neutropenia.
 
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| '''Penicillin G'''
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'''Penicillin G '''Injection. Tablets.
* S. pneumoniae
 
* Group A Streptococcus
* N. gonorrhoeae
* N. meningitidis
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'''Penicillin active against most gram-positive cocci; ''S. pneumoniae ''(resistance is increasing), group A streptococcus, and some gram-negative bacteria  (e.g.,  ''N. gonorrhoeae,  N.  meningitidis'').'''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 1,200-2,000 g: 50,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 100,000 units/
* Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM
kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM); 2,000 g: 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (meningitis: 150,000 units/kg/24 hr divided  q 8 hr IV or IM); postnatal age 7 days ≤1,200 g: 50,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (meningitis: 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV); 1,200-2,000 g: 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (meningitis: 225,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV); 2,000 g: 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (meningitis: 200,000 units/ kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV).
 
Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr).
 
Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM.
 
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''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy, seizures with excessive doses particularly in patients with marked renal disease. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Allergy
 
* Seizures
|-
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| '''Penicillin G, benzathine'''
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'''Penicillin G, benzathine'''
* Group A Streptococcus
 
Bicillin. Injection.
 
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'''Long-acting repository form of penicillin effective in the treatment of infections responsive to persistent, low penicillin concentrations (1-4 wk), e.g., group A streptococcus pharyngitis, rheumatic fever prophylaxis.'''
* Neonates: 50,000 units/kg IM once
 
* Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose: 1.2-2.4 million units/dose)
Neonates 1,200 g: 50,000 units/kg IM once.
* Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk
 
Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose:
 
1.2-2.4 million units/dose).
 
Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk.
 
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''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy. Administer by IM injection only. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Allergy
 
|-
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| '''Penicillin G, procaine'''
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'''Penicillin G, procaine'''
* Gram-positive pathogens
 
Crysticillin. Injection.
 
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'''Repository form of penicillin providing low penicillin concentrations for 12 hr.'''
* Neonates: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM
 
* Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose: 4.8 million units/dose)
Neonates 1,200 g: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM.
* Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM
 
Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose:
 
4.8 million units/dose).
 
Gonorrhea: 100,000 units/kg (max dose: 4.8 million units/24 hr) IM once with probenecid 25 mg/kg (max dose: 1 g)
 
Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM.
 
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''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia) allergy. Administer by IM injection only. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Allergy
 
|-
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| '''Penicillin V'''
|
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'''Penicillin V'''
* S. pneumoniae
 
* N. gonorrhoeae
Pen VK, V-Cillin K.
* N. meningitidis
 
Tablet: 125, 250, 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL.
 
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'''Preferred oral dosing form of penicillin, active against most gram-positive cocci; ''S. pneumoniae ''(resistance is increasing), other ''Streptococcus, ''and some gram-negative bacteria (e.g.,'''
* Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO
 
* Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
'''''N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis'').'''
 
Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO. Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr).
 
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''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia), allergy, seizures with excessive doses particularly in patients with renal disease. Substantial pathogen resistance. Primarily renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction'': Probenecid.
* Allergy
 
|-
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| '''Piperacillin'''
|
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'''Piperacillin '''Pipracil. Injection.
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* P. aeruginosa
* Bacteroides
|
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'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; 7 days; 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV.
* Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV
Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis: 350-500 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV.
 
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''Cautions'': -Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.9 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation/serum sickness-like reaction with high doses; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Serum sickness-like reaction
 
|-
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| '''Piperacillin-Tazobactam'''
|
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'''Piperacillin-tazobactam'''
* S. aureus
 
* H. influenzae
Zosyn. Injection.
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* Acinetobacter
* P. aeruginosa
* Bacteroides
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'''Extended-spectrum penicillin (piperacillin) combined with a'''
* Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM
β-lactamase inhibitor (tazobactam) active against ''S. aureus, H. influenzae, E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, Acinetobacter, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
 
Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM. Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM.
 
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''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 1.9 mEq sodium.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
Interferes with platelet aggregation, serum sickness–like reaction with high doses, increases in liver function test results. Renally eliminated.
 
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
 
|-
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| '''Quinupristin-Dalfopristin'''
|
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'''Quinupristin/dalfopristin'''
* E. faecium, vancomycin-resistant
 
* S. aureus, methicillin-resistant
Synercid.
 
IV injection: powder for reconstitution, 10 mL contains 150 mg quinupristin,
 
<center>350 mg dalfopristin.</center>
 
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'''Streptogramin antibiotic (quinupristin) active against vancomycin-resistant ''E. faecium ''(VRE) and methicillin- resistant ''S. aureus ''(MRSA)''. ''Not active against ''E. faecalis.'''''
* Children and adults: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV
 
Children and adults: VRE: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV for VRE; skin infections:
 
7.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV.
 
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''Adverse events: ''Pain, edema, or phlebitis at injection site, nausea, diarrhea.
* Pain
 
* Edema
''Drug interactions: ''Synercid is a potent inhibitor of CYP 3A4.
* Phlebitis
 
* Nausea
* Diarrhea
|-
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| '''Sulfadiazine'''
|
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'''Sulfadiazine'''
* E. coli
 
* P. mirabilis
Tablet: 500 mg.
* Klebsiella
 
|
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'''Sulfonamide antibiotic primarily indicated for the treatment of lower urinary tract infections due to ''E. coli, P. mirabilis, ''and ''Klebsiella.'''''
* Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO with folinic acid
 
* Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid
Toxoplasmosis:
 
Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO (with folinic acid).
 
Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid.
 
Rheumatic fever prophylaxis: ≤30 kg: 500 mg/24 hr q 24 hr PO;
 
30 kg: 1 g/24 hr q 24 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life  ∼10  hr.
* Rash
 
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
* Nausea
 
* Leukopenia
* Crystalluria
|-
|-
| '''Sulfamethoxazole'''
|
|
'''Sulfamethoxazole'''
* Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
 
Gantanol. Tablet: 500 mg.
 
Suspension: 500 mg/5 mL.
 
|
|
'''Sulfonamide antibiotic used for the treatment of otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections due to susceptible bacteria.'''
* Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO. Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life 12 hr. Initial dose often a loading dose (doubled).
* Rash
 
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
* Nausea
 
* Leukopenia
* Crystalluria
|-
|-
| '''Sulfisoxazole'''
|
|
'''Sulfisoxazole '''Gantrisin. Tablet: 500 mg.
* Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
 
Suspension: 500 mg/5 mL. Ophthalmic solution, ointment.
 
|
|
'''Sulfonamide antibiotic used for the treatment of otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections due to susceptible bacteria.'''
* Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
 
* Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO
Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr).
 
Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, nausea, leukopenia, crystalluria. Renal and hepatic elimination; avoid use with renal disease. Half-life ∼7-12 hr. Initial dose often a loading dose (doubled).
* Rash
 
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
''Drug interactions: ''Protein displacement with warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate.
* Nausea
 
* Leukopenia
* Crystalluria
|-
|-
| '''Ticarcillin'''
|
|
'''Ticarcillin '''Ticar. Injection.
* E. coli
 
* Enterobacter
* Serratia
* P. aeruginosa
* Bacteroides
|
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin active against ''E. coli, Enterobacter, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days 2,000 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; 7 days 2,000 g: 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV;
* Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
 
* Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr)
7 days 1,200 g: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; 1,200-
 
2,000 g: 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV; 2,000 g: 300 mg/
 
kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV.
 
Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV; cystic fibrosis: 400-600 mg/kg/24 hr IV.
 
Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 5-6 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated. Inactivated by penicillinase.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Liver transaminases elevation
 
|-
|-
| '''Ticarcillin-Clavulanate'''
|
|
'''Ticarcillin-clavulanate'''
* S. aureus
 
* H. influenzae
Timentin. Injection.
* Enterobacter
 
* E. coli
* Serratia
* P. aeruginosa
* Acinetobacter
* Bacteroides
|
|
'''Extended-spectrum penicillin (ticarcillin) combined with a'''
* Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM
 
* Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr)
β-lactamase inhibitor (clavulanate) active against ''S. aureus, H. influenzae, Enterobacter, E. coli, Serratia, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, ''and ''Bacteroides.'''''
 
Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM.
 
Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr).
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''-Lactam safety profile (rash, eosinophilia); painful given intramuscularly; each gram contains 5-6 mEq sodium. Interferes with platelet aggregation; increases in liver function tests. Renally eliminated.
* Rash
 
* Eosinophilia
''Drug interaction: ''Probenecid.
* Liver transaminases elevation
 
|-
|-
| '''Tigecycline'''
|
|
'''Tigecycline '''Tygacil. Injection.
* Enterobacteriaceae including ESBL producers
 
* Streptococcus
* Staphylococcus
* Anaerobes
|
|
'''Tetracycline-class antibiotic (glycylcycline) active against Enterobacteriaceae, including ESBL producers; streptococci (including VRE); staphylococci (including MRSA); and anaerobes.'''
* Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV
 
Children: unknown.
 
Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Pregnancy; children under 8 yr of age; photosensitivity; hypersensitivity to tetracyclines; hepatic impairment (~60% hepatic  clearance).
* Photosensitivity
 
* Hypersensitivity
''Drug interaction: ''Warfarin; mycophenolate mofetil.
* Hepatic impairment
 
|-
|-
| '''Tobramycin'''
|
|
'''Tobramycin '''Nebcin, Tobrex. Injection.
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
Ophthalmic solution, ointment.
* Enterobacter
 
* Serratia
* Proteus
* Pseudomonas
|
|
'''Aminoglycoside antibiotic active against gram-negative bacilli, especially ''E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Proteus, ''and ''Pseudomonas.'''''
* Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q12-18 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (&lt; 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (&gt; 2,000 g)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days, 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q
* Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV
 
* Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
12-18 hr IV or IM; 2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM; postnatal
 
age 7 days, 1,200-2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM;
 
2,000 g: 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM. Alternatively
 
may administer 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV. Preservative-free preparation for intraventricular or intrathecal use: neonate: 1 mg/24 hr; children: 1-2 mg/24 hr; adults: 4-8 mg/24 hr.
 
Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM.
 
|
|
''Cautions: S. pneumoniae, ''other ''Streptococcus, ''and anaerobes are resistant. May cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Monitor renal function. Drug eliminated renally. Administered IV over 30-60 min.
* Ototoxicity
 
* Nephrotoxicity
''Drug interactions: ''May potentiate other ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs.
 
''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak 6-12 mg/L; trough 2 mg/L.
 
|-
|-
| '''Trimethoprim'''
|
|
'''Trimethoprim '''Proloprim, Trimpex. Tablet: 100, 200 mg
* E. coli
 
* Klebsiella
* P. mirabilis
* Enterobacter
* P. jirovecii
|
|
'''Folic acid antagonist effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of ''E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis, ''and ''Enterobacter ''urinary tract infections; ''P. carinii ''pneumonia.'''
* Children (&lt; 12 yr): 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
 
* Children (&gt; 12 yr) and adults: 100-200 mg q 12 hr PO
Children: For urinary tract infection: 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
 
Children ''12 yr and adults: ''100-200 mg q 12 hr PO. ''P. carinii ''pneumonia (with dapsone): 15-20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr for 21 days PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Megaloblastic anemia, bone marrow suppression, nausea, epigastric distress, rash.
* Megaloblastic anemia
 
* Bone marrow suppression
''Drug interactions: ''Possible interactions with phenytoin, cyclosporine, rifampin, warfarin.
* Nausea
 
* Epigastric distress
* Rash
|-
|-
| '''Vancomycin'''
|
|
'''Vancomycin '''Vancocin, Luphocin. Injection.
* Gram-positive pathogens including Staphylococcus, S. pneumoniae, and Enterococcus
 
* C. difficile
Capsule: 125 mg, 250 mg. Suspension.
 
|
|
'''Glycopeptide antibiotic active against most gram-positive pathogens including ''Staphylococcus ''(including ''MRSA ''and coagulase-negative staphylococci), ''S. pneumoniae ''including penicillin-resistant strains, ''Enterococcus ''(resistance is increasing), and ''C. difficile–as''sociated colitis.'''
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
 
* Neonates (postnatal age &gt; 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (&lt; 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 45 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (&gt; 2,000 g)
Neonates: Postnatal age ≤7 days, 1,200 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV;
* Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
 
* C. difficile–associated colitis: 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
2,000 g: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV; postnatal age 7
 
days, 1,200 g: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV; 1,200-2,000 g:
 
15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; 2,000 g: 45 mg/kg/24 hr
 
divided q 8 hr IV.
 
Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV; ''C. difficile''– associated colitis; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
 
40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO.
 
|
|
''Cautions: ''Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity particularly when co-administered with other ototoxic and nephrotoxic drugs.
* Ototoxicity
 
* Nephrotoxicity
Infuse IV over 45-60 min. Flushing (red man syndrome) associated with rapid IV infusions, fever, chills, phlebitis (central line is preferred). Renally eliminated.
 
''Target serum concentrations: ''Peak (1 hr after
 
1 hr infusion) 30-40 mg/L; trough 5-10 mg/L.
 
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 07:03, 3 June 2015

Antibiotic Agent Antimicrobial Spectrum Dosing Information Notable Adverse Reaction
Amikacin
  • Escherichia coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 10 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 15-25 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 15 mg/kg 24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Amoxicillin
  • Gram-positive pathogens except Staphylococcus
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Neisseria
  • E. coli
  • Proteus mirabilis
  • Children: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Higher dose of 80-90 mg/kg 24 hr PO for otitis media
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Diarrhea
  • Cramping
Amoxicillin-Clavulanate
  • S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible
  • Streptococcus
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Bacteroides fragilis
  • Neonates: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO.
  • Children: 20-45 mg/kg 24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Higher dose 80-90 mg/kg/24 hr PO for otitis media.
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash
Ampicillin
  • Gram-positive pathogens except Staphylococcus
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Neisseria
  • E. coli
  • Proteus mirabilis
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (≤ 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM q 12 hr (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 4-8 hr IV or IM
  • Diarrhea
Ampicillin-Sulbactam
  • S. aureus
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • B. fragilis
  • Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max daily dose: 8 g)
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash
Azithromycin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • Mycoplasma
  • Legionella
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Children: 10 mg/kg PO on day 1 (max dose: 500 mg) followed by 5 mg/kg PO q 24 hr for 4 days.
  • Adults: 500 mg PO day 1 followed by 250 mg for 4 days.
  • Gastrointestinal distress
Aztreonam
  • Gram-negative aerobic bacteria
  • Enterobacteriaceae
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 90 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 90-120 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g IV or IM q 8-12 hr (max dose: 8 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Thrombophlebitis
  • Eosinophilia
Carbenicillin
  • Enterobacter
  • Proteus
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 225 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 400-600 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM
  • Rash
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Cefaclor
  • S. aureus
  • S. pneumoniae
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Serum sickness-like reaction
Cefadroxil
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 8-12 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefazolin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 0.5-2g q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefdinir
  • Extended-spectrum cephalosporin
  • Children: 14 mg/kg/24 hr in 1 or 2 doses PO (max dose: 600 mg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 600 mg q 24 hr PO
  • Diarrhea
Cefepime
  • Gram-positive bacteria
  • Gram-negative bacteria including P. aeruginosa
  • Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Vaginal candidiasis
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefixime
  • Streptococci
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  • Serratia marcescens
  • P. vulgaris
  • Children: 8 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO
  • Adults: 400 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefoperazone
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 100-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Hypoprothrombinemia
  • Disulfiram-life reaction
Cefotaxime
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
  • Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefotetan
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Bacteroides
  • Children: 40-80 mg/kg/24 hr divided IV or IM q 12 hr
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Hypoprothrombinemia
  • Disulfiram-life reaction
Cefoxitin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates: 70-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 80-160 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefpodoxime
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 200-800 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefprozil
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO
  • Adults: 500-1,000 mg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Ceftazidime
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens including P. aeruginosa
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
  • Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 8-12 hr IV or IM (max dose: 8-12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Ceftiaoxime
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Children: 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Ceftriaxone
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Neonates: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 50-75 mg/kg q 24 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 1-2 g q 24 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cefuroxime
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Neonates: 40-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM
  • Children: 200-240 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM; 20-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO
  • Adults: 750-1,500 mg q 8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cephalexin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 25-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Cephradine
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6-12 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Chloramphenicol
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Salmonella
  • Enterococcus faecium
  • Bacteroides
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia
  • Rickettsia
  • Neonates: loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 25 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 50-75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or PO
  • Adults: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV or PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Gray-baby syndrome
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Aplastic anemia
Ciprofloxacin
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Serratia
  • Enterobacter
  • Shigella
  • Salmonella
  • Campylobacter
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • Neonates: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr PO or IV
  • Children: 15-30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV
  • Adults: 250-750 mg q 12 hr; 200-400 mg IV q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1.5 g/24 hr)
  • Tendonitis
  • Dizziness
  • Confusion
  • Crystalluria
  • Photosensitivity
Clarithromycin
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • Legionella
  • Mycoplasma
  • C. trachomatis
  • Children: 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 1 g/24 hr)
  • Gastrointestinal distress
  • Dyspepsia
  • Nausea
  • Cramping
Clindamycin
  • Gram-positive aerobic pathogens
  • Anaerobic cocci except Enterococcus
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (≤ 2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 10 mg/kg/24 hr IV or IM divided q 12 hr (≤ 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (1,200–2,000 g); 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 10-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO
  • Adults: 150-600 mg q 6-8 hr IV, IM, or PO (max dose: 5 g/24 hr IV or IM or 2 g/24 hr PO)
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Rash
Cloxacillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Adults: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
  • Shigella
  • Legionella
  • Nocardia
  • Chlamydia
  • Pneumocystis jirovecii
  • Children: 6-20 mg TMP/kg/24 hr or IV divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 160 mg TMP q 12 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Erythema multiforme
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
Demeclocycline
  • Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
  • Gram-negative bacilli
  • Anaerobes
  • Borrelia burgdorferi
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia
  • Children: 8-12 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-12 hr PO
  • Adults: 150 mg PO q 6-8 hr
  • Teeth staining
  • Photosensitivity
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
Dicloxacillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Children: 12.5-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Adults: 125-500 mg q 6 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Doripenem
  • Gram-positive cocci
  • Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
  • Anaerobes
  • Adults: 500 mg q 8 hr IV
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Doxycycline
  • Gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus
  • Gram-negative bacilli
  • Anaerobes
  • B. burgdorferi
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia
  • Children: 2-5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV (max dose: 200 mg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 100-200 mg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO or IV
  • Teeth staining
  • Photosensitivity
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
Erythromycin
  • Gram-positive organisms
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 20 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (< 1,200 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr PO (> 1,200 g)
  • Children: Usual max dose 2 g/24 hr. Base: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO. Estolate: 30-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr PO. Stearate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO. Lactobionate: 20-40 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV. Gluceptate: 20-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV; usual max dose 4 g/24 hr IV
  • Adults: Base: 333 mg PO q 8 hr; estolate/stearate/base: 250-500 mg q 6 hr PO
  • Cramping
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Gentamicin
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 32.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV once daily
  • Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Imipenem-Cilastatin
  • Gram-positive cocci
  • Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
  • Anaerobes
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 20 mg/kg q 18-24 hr IV or IM (< 1,200 g); 40 mg/kg divided q 12 hr IV or IM (> 1,200 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 40 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 60 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 60-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 2-4 g/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Nausea
  • Seizures
Linezolid
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • E. faecium
  • Enterococcus faecalis
  • Children: 10 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or PO
  • Adults: Pneumonia: 600 mg q 12 hr IV or PO
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Headache
Loracarbef
  • S. aureus
  • Streptococcus
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO (max dose: 2 g)
  • Adults: 200-400 mg q 12 hr PO (max dose: 800 mg/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Meropenem
  • Gram-positive cocci
  • Gram-negative bacilli including P. aeruginosa
  • Anaerobes
  • Children: 60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV
  • Adults: 1.5-3 g q 8 hr IV
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Metronidazole
  • Anaerobes
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 7.5 mg/kg 48 hr PO or IV (< 1,200 g); 7.5 mg/kg/24 hr q 24 hr PO or IV (1,200–2,000 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (< 2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO or IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO or IV
  • Adults: 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO or IV (max dose: 4 g/24 hr)
  • Dizziness
  • Seizures
  • Metallic taste
  • Nausea
  • Hypoprothrombinemia
  • Disulfiram-like reaction
Mezlocillin
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 225 mg/kg divided q 8 hr IV
  • Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Mupirocin
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • Topical application to the skin 2-4 times per day
  • Itching
Nafcillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 75 mg/kg/q 8 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 100 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 4-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Phlebitis
  • Neutropenia
Nalidixic acid
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • Children: 50-55 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy 25-33 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 1 g q 6 hr PO; suppressive therapy: 500 mg q 6 hr PO
  • Vertigo
  • Dizziness
  • Rash
Neomycin
  • Gastrointestinal flora
  • Infants: 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Children: 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 500-2,000 mg/dose q 6-8 hr PO
  • Cramping
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Nitrofurantoin
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Children: 5-7 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO (max dose: 400 mg/24 hr); suppressive therapy 1-2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-24 hr PO (max dose: 100 mg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 50-100 mg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO
  • Vertigo
  • Dizziness
  • Rash
  • Jaundice
  • Interstitial pneumonitis
Ofloxacin
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Gram-negative pathogens
  • Anaerobes
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Child (< 12 yr): Conjunctivitis: 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q 2-4 hr for 2 days, then 1-2 drops qid for 5 days. Corneal ulcers: 1-2 drops q 30 min while awake and at 4 hours at night for 2 days, then 1-2 drops hourly for 5 days while awake, then 1-2 drops q 6 hr for 2 days. Otitis externa: 5 drops into affected ear bid for 10 days
  • Child (> 12 yr) and adults: Ophthalmic solution doses same as for younger children. Otitis externa: 10 drops bid for 10–14 days as for younger children
  • Burning
  • Stinging
  • Eye redness
  • Dizziness
Oxacillin
  • S. aureus and other gram-positive cocci except Enterococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 2,000 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100 mg/kg/24 hr IV divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Infants: 100-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Children: PO 50-100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-12 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 12 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Neutropenia
Penicillin G
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Group A Streptococcus
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • N. meningitidis
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 50,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 75,000 units/kg/24 hr q 8 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 100,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 100,000-250,000 units/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM (max dose: 400,000 units/kg/24 hr)
  • Adults: 2-24 million units/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV or IM
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
  • Seizures
Penicillin G, benzathine
  • Group A Streptococcus
  • Neonates: 50,000 units/kg IM once
  • Children: 300,000-1.2 million units/kg q 3-4 wk IM (max dose: 1.2-2.4 million units/dose)
  • Adults: 1.2 million units IM q 3-4 wk
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
Penicillin G, procaine
  • Gram-positive pathogens
  • Neonates: 50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM
  • Children: 25,000-50,000 units/kg/24 hr IM for 10 days (max dose: 4.8 million units/dose)
  • Adults: 0.6-4.8 million units q 12-24 hr IM
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
Penicillin V
  • S. pneumoniae
  • N. gonorrhoeae
  • N. meningitidis
  • Children: 25-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-8 hr PO
  • Adults: 125-500 mg q 6-8 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Allergy
Piperacillin
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 200 mg/kg divided q 6-8 hr IV
  • Children: 200-300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr (max dose: 24 g/24 hr) IV
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Serum sickness-like reaction
Piperacillin-Tazobactam
  • S. aureus
  • H. influenzae
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Acinetobacter
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Bacteroides
  • Children: 300-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 3.375 g q 6-8 hr IV or IM
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
Quinupristin-Dalfopristin
  • E. faecium, vancomycin-resistant
  • S. aureus, methicillin-resistant
  • Children and adults: 7.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV
  • Pain
  • Edema
  • Phlebitis
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
Sulfadiazine
  • E. coli
  • P. mirabilis
  • Klebsiella
  • Neonates: 100 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO with pyrimethamine 1 mg/kg/24 hr PO with folinic acid
  • Children: 120-200 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6 hr PO with pyrimethamine 2 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO ≥3 days then 1 mg/kg/24 hr (max dose: 25 mg/24 hr) with folinic acid
  • Rash
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
  • Crystalluria
Sulfamethoxazole
  • Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
  • Children: 50-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Adults: 1 g/dose q 12 hr PO (max dose: 3 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
  • Crystalluria
Sulfisoxazole
  • Bacteria associated with otitis media, chronic bronchitis, and lower urinary tract infections
  • Children: 120-150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO (max dose: 6 g/24 hr)
  • Adults: 4-8 g/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr PO
  • Rash
  • Stevens-Johnson syndrome
  • Nausea
  • Leukopenia
  • Crystalluria
Ticarcillin
  • E. coli
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Bacteroides
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 150 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 300 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 200-400 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 4-6 hr IV
  • Adults: 2-4 g/dose q 4-6 hr IV (max dose: 24 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Ticarcillin-Clavulanate
  • S. aureus
  • H. influenzae
  • Enterobacter
  • E. coli
  • Serratia
  • P. aeruginosa
  • Acinetobacter
  • Bacteroides
  • Children: 280-400 mg/kg/24 hr q 4-8 hr IV or IM
  • Adults: 3.1 g q 4-8 hr IV or IM (max dose: 18-24 g/24 hr)
  • Rash
  • Eosinophilia
  • Liver transaminases elevation
Tigecycline
  • Enterobacteriaceae including ESBL producers
  • Streptococcus
  • Staphylococcus
  • Anaerobes
  • Adults: 100 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg q 12 hr IV
  • Photosensitivity
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Hepatic impairment
Tobramycin
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Enterobacter
  • Serratia
  • Proteus
  • Pseudomonas
  • Neonates (postnatal age ≤ 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q12-18 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 12 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 2.5 mg/kg q 8-12 hr IV or IM (< 2,000 g); 2.5 mg/kg q 8 hr IV or IM (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 2.5 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV or IM; 5-7.5 mg/kg/24 hr IV
  • Adults: 3-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV or IM
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
Trimethoprim
  • E. coli
  • Klebsiella
  • P. mirabilis
  • Enterobacter
  • P. jirovecii
  • Children (< 12 yr): 4-6 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr PO
  • Children (> 12 yr) and adults: 100-200 mg q 12 hr PO
  • Megaloblastic anemia
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Nausea
  • Epigastric distress
  • Rash
Vancomycin
  • Gram-positive pathogens including Staphylococcus, S. pneumoniae, and Enterococcus
  • C. difficile
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12-18 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 30 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 12 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Neonates (postnatal age > 7 days): 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 24 hr IV (< 1,200 g); 15 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV (1,200–2,000 g); 45 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8 hr IV (> 2,000 g)
  • Children: 45-60 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 8-12 hr IV
  • C. difficile–associated colitis: 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO; 40-50 mg/kg/24 hr divided q 6-8 hr PO
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
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