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{{SK}}  Bright red blood per rectum, BRBPR
{{SK}}  Bright red blood per rectum, BRBPR
==Overview==
'''Hematochezia''' is the passage of bright red, [[blood]]y [[feces|stools]] from the [[rectum]], also called thusly ('''bright red blood per rectum''') and abbreviated BRBPR.


It is distinguished from [[melena]], which is stool with blood that has been altered by the [[gut flora]] and appears black/"[[tar]]ry".  Hematochezia is commonly associated with [[lower gastrointestinal bleeding]].
==[[Hematochezia overview|Overview]]==
 
==[[Hematochezia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
 
==[[Hematochezia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Hematochezia causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Hematochezia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 
==[[Hematochezia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
 
==[[Hematochezia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===Differential diagnosis of causes===
In adults, the most common causes are [[hemorrhoid]]s and [[diverticulosis]], both of which are relatively benign; however, it can also be caused by [[colorectal cancer]]. In a newborn infant ([[neonate]]), hematochezia may be the result of swallowed maternal blood at the time of delivery, but can also be an initial symptom of [[necrotizing enterocolitis]], a serious condition affecting premature infants. In [[adolescent]]s and young adults, [[inflammatory bowel disease]], particularly [[ulcerative colitis]], is a serious cause of hematochezia that must be considered and excluded.


[[Hematochezia]] can be due to [[upper gastrointestinal bleed]]ing. However, as the blood from such a bleeding is usually chemically modified by action of [[acid]] and [[enzyme]]s, it presents more commonly as [[melena]]. [[Hematochezia]] from an upper gastrointestinal source is an ominous sign, as it suggests a very brisk bleed which can be life threatening. Upper GI bleeding will sometimes also be associated with a rise in the [[blood urea nitrogen]] ([[BUN]]) as blood components are absorbed by the GI tract.
[[Hematochezia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Hematochezia physical examination|Physical Examination]]  | [[Hematochezia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Hematochezia x ray|X Ray]] | [[Hematochezia CT|CT]] | [[Hematochezia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Hematochezia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
[[Hematochezia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Hematochezia surgery|Surgery]] | [[Hematochezia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Hematochezia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] |  [[Hematochezia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Hematochezia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Hematochezia case study one|Case #1]]


==Related Chapters==
==Related Chapters==
* [[Blood in stool]]
* [[Blood in stool]]


[[de:Hämatochezie]]
 
[[fr:Hématochézie]]
[[fr:Hématochézie]]
[[pt:Hematoquezia]]
[[pt:Hematoquezia]]


[[Category:Medical signs]]
[[Category:Symptoms]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]

Latest revision as of 14:45, 8 June 2015

Hematochezia
ICD-9 578.1
DiseasesDB 19317
MedlinePlus 003130

Hematochezia Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Bright red blood per rectum, BRBPR

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

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