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| | MedlinePlus = | | | MedlinePlus = |
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| | eMedicineTopic =
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| | MeshID = D053565 | | | MeshID = D053565 |
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| {{SI}} | | {{Hypercalciuria}} |
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| {{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} {{LG}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} {{LG}} [[User:Raviteja Reddy Guddeti|Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:ravitheja.g@gmail.com] |
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| ==Overview==
| | {{SK}} Hypercalcuria; calcium levels raised (urine); hypercalcinuria |
| Hypercalciuria refers to elevated [[calcium]] in the urine. Chronic hypercalciuria may lead to impairment
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| of renal function, [[nephrocalcinosis]], and [[renal insufficiency]].
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| == Differential Diagnosis of Causes of {{PAGENAME}} == | | ==[[Hypercalciuria overview|Overview]]== |
| ===By Organ System===
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| {|height:100px" border="1"
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dermatologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vitamin D]], [[Lithium]], [[Calcitriol]] toxicity, [[Ethinyl estradiol]] and [[drospirnone]], [[Furosemide]], [[Glucocorticoids]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Endocrine'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cushing syndrome]], Primary [[Hyperparathyroidism]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia]], Neonatal severe primary [[hyperparathyroidism]], [[Parathyroid carcinoma]], [[Pituitary tumour (growth hormone secreting)]], [[Primary parathyroid hyperplasia]], [[Solitary parathyroid adenoma]], [[Acromegaly]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Environmental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dehydration]], [[Immobility]], [[Zero gravity]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Gastroenterologic''' | |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Wilson disease]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Genetic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[hypoparathyroidism|Autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism]], [[chondrodysplasia|Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Jansen type]], [[Hypophosphatasia]], [[hyperparathyroidism|Neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism]], [[Wilson disease]], [[X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Hematologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Iatrogenic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Infectious Disease'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[chondrodysplasia|Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Jansen type]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Neurologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Oncologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| Bone [[metastases]], [[Parathyroid]] tumor
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Opthalmologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Wilson disease]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Psychiatric'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Pulmonary'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dent disease]], [[X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1]], [[Hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis]], [[Proximal renal tubular acidosis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Sexual'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Trauma'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Urologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Miscellaneous'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Idiopathic hypercalciuria]], [[Immobility]], [[Paget disease of bone]]
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| |-
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| |}
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| ==In alphabetical order== | | ==[[Hypercalciuria historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
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| * [[Acute pyelonephritis]]
| | ==[[Hypercalciuria pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
| * [[Aminoaciduria]]
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| * Autosomal dominant [[hypocalcemia]]
| | ==[[Hypercalciuria causes|Causes]]== |
| * [[Autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism]]
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| * Autosomal recessive Familial [[hypomagnesemia]] with [[Hypercalciuria]] and [[nephrocalcinosis]]
| | ==[[Hypercalciuria differential diagnosis|Differentiating Hypercalciuria from other Diseases]]== |
| * [[Bartter syndrome]]
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| * Bone [[metastases]]
| | ==[[Hypercalciuria epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
| * [[Calcitriol]] toxicity
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| * Chronic [[hypokalemia]]
| | ==[[Hypercalciuria risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
| * [[Congenital hypothyroidism]]
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| * [[Cushing syndrome]]
| | ==[[Hypercalciuria natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
| * [[Cystinosis]]
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| * [[Dehydration]]
| | ==Diagnosis== |
| * [[Dent disease]]
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| * [[Ethinyl estradiol]] and [[drospirnone]]
| | [[Hypercalciuria history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Hypercalciuria physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Hypercalciuria laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Hypercalciuria CT|CT]] | [[Hypercalciuria MRI|MRI]] | [[Hypercalciuria other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Hypercalciuria other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
| * Excess [[Calcium]] intake
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| * [[Fanconi syndrome]]
| | ==Treatment== |
| * [[Fractures]]
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| * [[Furosemide]]
| | [[Hypercalciuria medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Hypercalciuria surgery|Surgery]] | [[Hypercalciuria primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Hypercalciuria secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Hypercalciuria cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Hypercalciuria future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
| * [[Glucocorticoids]]
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| * [[Glycogen storage disease type 1a]]
| | ==Case Studies== |
| * [[Hartnup disease]]
| | [[Hypercalciuria case study one|Case #1]] |
| * Hereditary hypophosatemic [[rickets]]
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| * [[Histoplasmosis]]
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| * [[Hyperchloremic acidosis]]
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| * [[Hyperparathyroidism]], primary
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| * [[Hyperthyroidism]]
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| * [[Hypocitraturia]]
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| * [[Hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis]]
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| * [[Hypophosphatasia]]
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| * [[Idiopathic hypercalciuria]]
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| * [[Immobility]]
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| * [[Leukemia]]
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| * [[Lowe's syndrome]]
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| * [[Lymphoma]]
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| * [[McCune-Albright syndrome]]
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| * [[Medullary cystic kidney disease]]
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| * [[Medullary sponge kidney]]
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| * Metaphyseal [[chondrodysplasia]], Jansen type
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| * [[Milk-alkali syndrome]]
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| * [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia]]
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| * [[Multiple myeloma]]
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| * Neonatal severe primary [[hyperparathyroidism]]
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| * [[Nephrocalcinosis]]
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| * [[Osteogenesis Imperfecta]]
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| * [[Osteoporosis]]
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| * [[Parathyroid carcinoma]]
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| * [[Paget disease of bone]]
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| * [[Pituitary tumour (growth hormone secreting)]]
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| * [[Primary parathyroid hyperplasia]]
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| * [[Proximal renal tubular acidosis]]
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| * [[Recumbency]]
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| * [[Reticulum cell sarcoma]]
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| * [[Sarcoidosis]]
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| * [[Solitary parathyroid adenoma]]
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| * [[Tuberculous granulomas]]
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| * [[Ulcerative colitis]]
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| * [[Vitamin D]]
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| * [[Williams syndrome]]
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| * [[Wilson disease]]
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| * [[X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1]]
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| * [[Zero gravity]]
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| * [[Acromegaly]]
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| ==Related Chapters== | | ==Related Chapters== |
| * [[Hypercalcaemia]] | | * [[Hypercalcaemia]] |
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| | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} |
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| | [[Category:Endocrinology]] |
| | [[Category:Nephrology]] |
| | [[Category:Grammar]] |
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}} | | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |