Hypotension causes: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 12:26, 9 June 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Hypotension could be due to hormonal changes, medication side effects, anemia, heart or endocrine problems or caused by widening of blood vessels and low blood volume.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Aortic aneurysm rupture, aortic arch syndrome, aortic isthmus stenosis, aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, aortocaval compression syndrome, atrial myxoma, atrioventricular node conduction block, B type natriuretic peptide, baroceptor dysfunction in the elderly, capillary leak syndrome, cardiac tamponade, cardiogenic shock, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, carotid sinus syndrome, coarctation of aorta, complete heart block, constrictive pericarditis, cor triatriatum, dehydration, dissecting aortic aneurysm, distributive shock, Eisenmenger's syndrome, embolism, endotoxic shock, gray baby syndrome, heart arrhythmia, heart block, heart failure, heart injury, hemorrhagic shock, hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, hypovolemic shock, Ibuprofen, idiopathic hypotension, iliac artery aneurysm rupture, internal bleeding, ischaemic heart disease, Lidocaine (ointment), myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, obstructive shock, orthostatic hypotension, pericardial effusion, pericarditis, perimyocarditis, Perphenazine, post-tussive syncope, postural hypotension, pulmonary embolism, shock, sick sinus syndrome, supraventricular tachycardia , syncope, tetralogy of Fallot, traumatic shock, tricuspid stenosis, vasovagal syncope, ventricular fibrillation, WPW syndrome
Chemical / poisoning	Acetaldehyde, adiponitrile , Aldesleukin, copper, cyanides, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon , dioxathion, disulfoton , ethion , fensulfothion, fenthion, honey bee bite, indian tobacco, malathion, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, mushroom poisoning , parathion, phosdrin, poison hemlock, profenofos, scorpion bite, sodium nitrite, terbufos, tetraethyl pyrophosphate , tetrodotoxin, tobacco , wasp bite
Dermatologic	Gray baby syndrome, mastocytosis
Drug Side Effect	Acetaminophen and Oxycodone, Acetophenazine, Acetylcysteine, alcuronium, alfuzosin, aliskiren, alseroxylon alprostadil, ambenonium, ambrisentan, amifostine, Amikacin sulfate, aminoglutethimide, amitriptyline, amlodipine, Amobarbital sodium, amoxapine, amphotericin B, amrinone, amyl nitrate, antipsychotic agents, Amlodipine besylate and Valsartan, apomorphine, Aprepitant, azilsartan medoxomil, Aztreonam, Beractant, B type natriuretic peptide, baclofen, beta blockers, bethanechol, bethanidine, bortezomib, bosentan, bretylium, bromocriptine, bupivacaine, cabergoline, calcium channel blockers, candesartan, captopril, chloroquine, chlorpheniramine, chlorpromazine, chlorthalidone, Cidofovir, cilazapril, cinacalcet, cinnarizine, Clemastine, clevidipine, clomipramine, clonidine, clozapine, Cefaclor, colchicine, Corticorelin, cyclobenzaprine, Dapagliflozin, deserpidine, desferrioxamine, desipramine, Desmopressin, dexmedetomidine, Dexpanthenol, Dextran, Dinoprostone, diazoxide, dichlorvos , dicobalt edetate, dicrotophos , diltiazem, diphenhydramine, dipyridamole, disopyramide, distigmine, disulfiram, diuretics, Docetaxel, donepezil ,Dolasetron mesylate, dothiepin, doxazosin, doxepin, edetate disodium, Empagliflozin, enalapril, epidural anaesthesia, eplerenone, epoprostenol, etoposide, febuxostat, Felbamate, felodipine , fenoldopam, fentanyl, ferumoxytol, Fluphenazine, Flurazepam, formoterol, fosinopril, Fosphenytoin sodium, gadopentetate, general anaesthesia, gentamicin, Granisetron, Glucarpidase, glyceryl trinitrate, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, gray baby syndrome, guanadrel, guanethidine, guanfacine, haloperidol, hexamethonium, hydralazine, hydroxyzine, Hydrochlorothiazide, imipramine, indapamide, Indinavir, Indomethacin, indoramin, Interferon-gamma, interleukin 2, iobenguane I 123, iodine containing radiocontrast media, irbesartan, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate, isoxsuprine, isradipine, Ixabepilone, ketanserin, labetalol, l-dopa, Leuprolide, Levalbuterol, levomepromazine, levosimendan, lidocaine , Lincomycin Hydrochloride, lisinopril, Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide, lithium, lofexidine, losartan, mecamylamine, Meropenem, Methocarbamol, methyldopa, metirosine, metoclopramide, metolazone, Metyrapone, minoxidil, morphine, moxonidine, Meprobamate, Nabilone, nefazodone, neostigmine, niacin, nicorandil, nifedipine, nimodipine, Nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, nitric oxide, nortriptyline, olanzapine, olmesartan, omapatrilat, opioid poisoning, Oprelvekin, Oxaprozin, oxcarbazepine, Oxacillin, paliperidone, Panitumumab, Pegaspargase, Pegylated interferon alfa-2b, Pentamidine Isethionate, Penicillin G potassium, perazine, pergolide, Perphenazine phenothiazines, phenobarbital phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine, Pilocarpine, pimobendan, pinacidil, pipothiazine, Pirbuterol, piribedil, pramipexole, prazosin,Prochlorperazine, protamine sulfate, protriptyline, quetiapine, ramipril, Ramucirumab, rasagiline, reboxetine, reserpine, rilmenidine, rifaximin, Rimexolone, riociguat,risperidone, rituximab, rivastigmine, ropinirole, rotigotine, sassafras oil, Secobarbital sodium, serotonin syndrome, sildenafil, silodosin, Siltuximab, sodium nitroprusside, Sodium oxybate, spironolactone, streptokinase, sulphonamides, tacrine, tadalafil, tamsulosin, Teniposide, terazosin, tetrabenazine, thalidomide, Thallous Chloride Tl 201, trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum,Thioridazine hydrochloride, Thiothixene, Tiagabine, tizanidine, tolazoline, tramadol, travoprost, treprostinil, Trimethobenzamide, Trifluoperazine, trifluperidol, trimethaphan, trimipramine, tubocurarine, urapidil, valerian, valsartan, vardenafil, verapamil, ziconotide, zonisamide, zotepine
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome, ACTH deficiency, Addison's disease, addisonian crisis, adrenal hemorrhage, adrenogenital syndrome, adrenoleukodystrophy , Allgrove syndrome, APECED syndrome , B type natriuretic peptide, carcinoid syndrome , congenital adrenal hyperplasia, diabetes insipidus, diabetic autonomic neuropathy, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma, hypoaldosteronism, hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, hypothyroidism, Myxedema, myxedema coma, panhypopituitarism, pituitary insufficiency, pseudohypoaldosteronism, Renon-Delille syndrome, serotonin syndrome, triple-A syndrome
Environmental	Snake bite, zero gravity
Gastroenterologic	Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome, acute liver failure , acute pancreatitis, acute viral gastroenteritis, Allgrove syndrome, bowel strangulation, deglutition syncope, diarrhea, duodenal ulcer bleeding, gastric ulcer bleeding, gastric volvulus, hepatic vein thrombosis, hepatitis, intususception, mastocytosis , necrotizing enterocolitis, paralytic ileus, peritonitis , postprandial hypotension, retroperitoneal haemorrhage, small bowel obstruction, splenic rupture, superior mesenteric artery occlusion, triple A syndrome, tropical sprue , variceal bleeding, vomiting
Genetic	Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome, acute intermittent porphyria, Allgrove syndrome, APECED syndrome, Bartter syndrome, corticosteroid-binding globulin deficiency , familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2, hereditary peripheral nervous disorder, hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 3, pseudohypoaldosteronism, Renon-Delille syndrome, Riley-Day syndrome, triple A syndrome, Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome
Hematologic	Acute intermittent porphyria, anemia
Iatrogenic	After a major surgery, blood transfusion , dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome, epidural anesthesia, gastric acid stimulation test using histamines, general anesthesia, mechanical ventilation, post-operative, renal dialysis, transfusion reaction
Infectious Disease	Acute viral gastroenteritis, botulism, cholera, dengue hemorrhagic fever, hantavirus, lassa fever, rocky mountain spotted fever , septic shock, septicemia , toxic shock syndrome, vibrio vulnificus, Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome, Weil syndrome
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Cervical spine injury, fracture of bone, vertebral fracture
Neurologic	Autonomic failure, autonomic neuropathy, Binswanger's disease , Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome, diabetic autonomic neuropathy, DOPA decarboxylase deficiency, dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency, dysautonomia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, Guillain-Barre syndrome, hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome, hereditary peripheral nervous disorder, hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 3, multiple system atrophy, neurogenic shock, Parkinson's disease, polyradiculitis, Riley-Day syndrome, seizures, Shy-Drager syndrome, syringomyelia, tabes dorsalis, vasovagal syncope, Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic	Dehydration,excessive dieting,kwashiorkor
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Aortocaval compression syndrome, ectopic pregnancy rupture, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, postpartum haemorrhage, pregnancy, puerpural shock, septic abortion , uterine rupture
Oncologic	Atrial myxoma, carcinoid syndrome , mastocytosis , pheochromocytoma, serotonin-secreting tumor
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Acetophenazine, alcuronium, alfuzosin, aliskiren, alseroxylon, ambenonium, ambrisentan, amifostine, aminoglutethimide, amitriptyline, amlodipine, amoxapine, amphotericin B, amrinone, antipsychotic agents, apomorphine, azilsartan medoxomil, baclofen, beta blockers, bethanechol, bethanidine, bortezomib, bosentan, bretylium, bromocriptine, bupivacaine, cabergoline, calcium channel blockers, candesartan, captopril, chloroquine, chlorpheniramine, chlorpromazine, chlorthalidone, cilazapril, cinnarizine, clevidipine, clomipramine, clonidine, colchicine, cyclobenzaprine, deserpidine, desferrioxamine, desipramine, dexmedetomidine, diazoxide, dichlorvos , dicobalt edetate, dicrotophos , diltiazem, diphenhydramine, dipyridamole, disopyramide, distigmine, diuretics, donepezil , dothiepin, doxazosin, doxepin, enalapril, epidural anaesthesia, eplerenone, epoprostenol, etoposide, felodipine , fenoldopam, fentanyl, fosinopril, general anaesthesia, glyceryl trinitrate, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, guanadrel, guanethidine, guanfacine, haloperidol, hexamethonium, hydralazine, hydroxyzine, imipramine, indapamide, indoramin, interleukin 2, irbesartan, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate, isoxsuprine, isradipine, ketanserin, labetalol, l-dopa, levomepromazine, levosimendan, lidocaine , lisinopril, lithium, lofexidine, losartan, magnesium overdose, mecamylamine, methyldopa, metirosine, metolazone, minoxidil, morphine, moxonidine, nefazodone, neostigmine, niacin, nicorandil, nifedipine, nimodipine, nitroprusside, nortriptyline, olanzapine, , olmesartan, omapatrilat, opioid poisoning, paliperidone, pentamidine, perazine, pergolide, phenothiazines, phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine, pimobendan, pinacidil, pipothiazine, piribedil, pramipexole, prazosin, protamine sulfate, Paregoric, protriptyline, quetiapine, ramipril, rasagiline, reboxetine, reserpine, rilmenidine, risperidone, rituximab, ropinirole, rotigotine, sassafras oil, sildenafil, silodosin, sodium nitroprusside, spironolactone, streptokinase, sulphonamides, tacrine, tadalafil, tamsulosin, terazosin, tetrabenazine, tizanidine, tolazoline, tramadol, treprostinil, trifluperidol, trimethaphan, trimipramine, tubocurarine, urapidil, valerian, valsartan, vardenafil, verapamil, ziconotide, zotepine
Psychiatric	Anorexia nervosa, depression
Pulmonary	Post-tussive syncope, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, tension pneumothorax
Renal / Electrolyte	Bartter syndrome, dehydration, familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2, hypermagnesaemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Amyloidosis, anaphylactic shock, anaphylactoid reaction, blood transfusion , dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome, food additive allergy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, honey bee bite, mastocytosis, scorpion bite, transfusion reaction, urticaria, wasp bite, Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome, x-ray studies using contrast media
Sexual	Renon-Delille syndrome
Trauma	Blood vessel trauma, burns, cervical spine injury, chemical burn, fracture of bone, heart injury, pericardial effusion, shaken baby syndrome, tension pneumothorax, traumatic shock
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Alcohol, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, decompression sickness, deglutition syncope, dehydration, fatigue, heat exhaustion, hypothermia, insufficient fluid intake, low salt diet, micturition syncope, prolonged bed rest, snake bite, syncope, volume depletion , zero gravity

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Acetaldehyde
Acetophenazine
Acetylcysteine
Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome
ACTH deficiency
Acute intermittent porphyria
Acute liver failure
Acute pancreatitis
Acute viral gastroenteritis
Addisonian crisis
Addison's disease
Adiponitrile
Adrenal cortex insufficiency
Adrenal hemorrhage
Adrenogenital syndrome
Adrenoleukodystrophy
After a major surgery
Alcohol
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome
Alcuronium
Alfuzosin
Aliskiren
Allgrove syndrome
Alprostadil,
Alseroxylon
Ambenonium
Ambrisentan
Amifostine
Amikacin sulfate
Aminoglutethimide
Amitriptyline
Amlodipine
Amoxapine
Amphotericin B
Amrinone
Amyl nitrate
Amyloidosis
Anaphylactic shock
Anaphylactoid reaction
Anemia
Anorexia nervosa
Antipsychotic agents
Aortic aneurysm rupture
Aortic arch syndrome
Aortic isthmus stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
Aortic stenosis
Aortic valve incompetence
Aortocaval compression syndrome
APECED syndrome
Apomorphine
Aprepitant
Atrial myxoma
Atrioventricular node conduction block
Autoimmune adrenalitis
Autonomic failure
Autonomic neuropathy
Azilsartan medoxomil
Aztreonam
B type natriuretic peptide
Baclofen
Baroceptor dysfunction in the elderly
Bartter syndrome
Beta blockers
Bethanechol
Bethanidine
Binswanger's disease
Blood transfusion
Blood vessel trauma
Bortezomib
Bosentan
Botulism
Bowel strangulation
Box jellyfish poisoning
Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome
Bretylium
Bromocriptine
Bupivacaine
Burns
Cabergoline
Calcium channel blockers
Candesartan
Capillary leak syndrome
Captopril
Carcinoid syndrome
Cardiac arrhythmias
Cardiac failure, left sided
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiogenic shock
Carotid sinus hypersensitivity
Carotid sinus syndrome
Cervical spine injury
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Chemical burn
Chloroquine
Chlorpheniramine
Chlorpromazine
Chlortalidone
Cholera
Chronic pyelonephritis
Chronic renal failure
Cidofovir
Cilazapril
Cinnarizine
Clevidipine
Clomipramine
Clonidine
Coarctation of aorta
Colchicine
Complete heart block
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Constrictive pericarditis
Copper
Cor triatriatum
Corticosteroid-binding globulin deficiency
Cyanides
Cyclobenzaprine
Decompression sickness
Deglutition syncope
Dehydration
Demeton-S-methyl
Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Depression
Deserpidine
Desferrioxamine
Desipramine
Desmopressin
Dexmedetomidine
Diabetes insipidus
Diabetic autonomic neuropathy
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome
Diarrhea
Diazinon
Diazoxide
Dichlorvos
Dicobalt edetate
Dicrotophos
Diltiazem
Dioxathion
Diphenhydramine
Dipyridamole
Disopyramide
Dissecting aortic aneurysm
Distigmine
Distributive shock
Disulfoton
Diuretics
Docetaxel
Donepezil
DOPA decarboxylase deficiency
Dopamine
Dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency
Dothiepin
Doxazosin
Doxepin
Duodenal ulcer bleeding
Dysautonomia
Dysrhythmia
Ectopic pregnancy rupture

Eisenmenger's syndrome
Embolism
Enalapril
Endotoxic shock
Epidural anaesthesia
Eplerenone
Epoprostenol
Ethion
Etoposide
Excessive dieting
Excessive fluid loss through dialysis
Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2
Fatigue
Felodipine
Fenoldopam
Fensulfothion
Fentanyl
Fenthion
Focal cerebral ischemia
Food additive allergy
Fosinopril
Gastric acid stimulation test using histamines
Gastric ulcer bleeding
Gastric volvulus
General anaesthesia
Gitelman syndrome
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
Glyceryl trinitrate
Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
Gray baby syndrome
Guanadrel
Guanethidine
Guanfacine
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Haloperidol
Hantavirus
Heart arrhythmia
Heart block
Heart failure
Heart injury
Heat exhaustion
Hemorragic fever with renal syndrome
Hemorrhage
Hemorrhagic shock
Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome
Hepatic vein thrombosis
Hepatitis
Hereditary peripheral nervous disorder
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 3
Hexamethonium
Histamine
HIV
Honey bee bite
Hydralazine
Hydroxyzine
Hyperglycemia
Hypermagnesemia
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Hypoaldosteronism
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism
Hypothermia
Hypothyroidism
Hypovolemia
Hypovolemic shock
Idiopathic hypotension
Iliac artery aneurysm rupture
Imipramine
Indapamide
Indian tobacco
Indinavir
Indoramin
Infliximab
Insufficient fluid intake
Interferon-gamma
Interleukin 2
Internal bleeding
Intususception
Iodine containing radiocontrast media
Irbesartan
Ischaemic heart disease
Isoprenaline
Isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide mononitrate
Isoxsuprine
Isradipine
Ixabepilone
Ketanserin
Kwashiorkor
Labetalol
Lactic acidosis
Lassa fever
L-dopa
Levomepromazine
Levosimendan
Lidocaine
Lisinopril
Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide
Lithium
Lofexidine
Losartan
Low salt diet
Lyme disease
Lysuride
Magnesium overdose
Malathion
MAOI
Marijuana
Mastocytosis
Maternal hypotension syndrome
Mecamylamine
Mechanical ventilation
Methidathion
Methiocarb
Methomyl
Methyldopa
Methyldopate
Metirosine
Metyrapone
Metolazone
Micturition syncope
Minoxidil
Mitral stenosis
Mitral valve incompetence
Morphine
Moxonidine
Multiple system atrophy
Mushroom poisoning
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial ischemia
Myocarditis
Myxedema
Myxedema coma
Nabilone
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Nefazodone
Neostigmine
Neurogenic shock
Niacin
Nicorandil
Nifedipine
Nimodipine
Nitroprusside
Nortriptyline
Obstructive shock
Olanzapine
Olmesartan
Omapatrilat
Opioid poisoning
Oprelvekin
Orthostatic hypotension
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Oxaprozin
Paliperidone
Pancreatitis
Panhypopituitarism
Panitumumab
Paralytic ileus
Parathion

Parkinson's disease
Pegaspargase
Pentamidine
Perazine
Pergolide
Pericardial effusion
Pericarditis
Perimyocarditis
Peritonitis
Phenothiazines
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Pheochromocytoma
Phosdrin
Pick's disease
Pimobendan
Pinacidil
Pipothiazine
Piribedil
Pituitary insufficiency
Poison hemlock
Polyradiculitis
Post-operative
Postpartum haemorrhage
Postprandial hypotension
Post-tussive syncope
Postural hypotension
Pramipexole
Prazosin
Pregnancy
Primary pulmonary hypertension
Profenofos
Prolonged bed-rest
Protamine sulfate
Protriptyline
Pseudohypoaldosteronism
Puerpural shock
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary stenosis
Pyogenic pericarditis
Quetiapine
Ramipril
Ramucirumab
Rasagiline
Reboxetine
Renal dialysis
Renal tubular dysgenesis
Renon-Delille syndrome
Reserpine
Respiratory acidosis
Retroperitoneal haemorrhage
Rickettsia prowazekii
Riley-Day syndrome
Rilmenidine
Risperidone
Rituximab
Rocky mountain spotted fever
Ropinirole
Rotigotine
Sarcoidosis
Sassafras oil
Scorpion bite
Seizures
Sepsis
Septic abortion
Septic shock
Septicemia
Serotonin syndrome
Serotonin-secreting tumor
Severe bleeding
Shaken baby syndrome
Shock
Shy-Drager syndrome
Sick sinus syndrome
Sildenafil
Silodosin
Siltuximab
Sjogren syndrome
Small bowel obstruction
Snake bite
Sodium nitrite
Sodium nitroprusside
Sodium oxybate
Spironolactone
Splenic rupture
Streptokinase
Sulphonamides
Superior mesenteric artery occlusion
Supraventricular tachycardia
Syncope
Syphilis
Syringomyelia
Systemic candidiasis
Tabes dorsalis
Tacrine
Tadalafil
Tamsulosin
Teniposide
Tension pneumothorax
Terazosin
Terbufos
Tetrabenazine
Tetraethyl pyrophosphate
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetrodotoxin
Thioridazine hydrochloride
Thoracic aortic aneurysm
Tiagabine
Tizanidine
Tobacco
Tolazoline
Toxic shock syndrome
Toxoplasmosis
Tramadol
Transfusion reaction
Trauma
Traumatic shock
Treprostinil
Tricuspid stenosis
Tricyclic antidepressants
Trifluperidol
Trimethaphan
Trimipramine
Triple A syndrome
Tropical sprue
Tuberculous pericarditis
Tubocurarine
Ulcerative colitis
Urapidil
Uremic pericarditis
Urticaria
Uterine rupture
Valsartan
Vancomycin resistant enterococcal bacteremia
Vardenafil
Variceal bleeding
Vascular neuropathy
Vasovagal syncope
Ventricular familial preexcitation syndrome
Ventricular fibrillation
Verapamil
Vertebral fracture
Vibrio vulnificus
Viral pericarditis
VLCAD deficiency
Volume depletion
Vomiting
Wasp bite
Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome
Weil syndrome
Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome
WPW syndrome
Xamoterol
X-ray studies using contrast media
Zero gravity
Ziconotide
Zotepine

References

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 ==Overview==
+[[Hypotension]] could be due to hormonal changes, medication side effects, [[anemia]], heart or endocrine problems or caused by widening of blood vessels and low blood volume.
 == Causes ==
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 *[[Dehydration]]
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 ===Common Causes===
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 *[[Hypovolemia]]
 *[[Pregnancy]]
+*[[Protamine sulfate]]
 *[[Sepsis]]
 *[[Shock]]
 *[[Tricyclic antidepressants]]
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 ===Causes by Organ System===
-{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+{|style="width:75%; height:100px" border="1"
 |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[aortic aneurysm|Aortic aneurysm rupture]], [[aortic arch syndrome]], [[aortic isthmus stenosis]], [[aortic regurgitation]], [[aortic stenosis]], [[aortocaval compression syndrome]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[AV block|atrioventricular node conduction block]], [[brain natriuretic peptide|B type natriuretic peptide]], baroceptor dysfunction in the elderly, [[capillary leak syndrome]], [[cardiac tamponade]], [[cardiogenic shock]], [[carotid sinus hypersensitivity]], [[carotid sinus syndrome]], [[coarctation of aorta]], [[complete heart block]], [[constrictive pericarditis]], [[cor triatriatum]], [[dissecting aortic aneurysm]], [[distributive shock]], [[Eisenmenger's syndrome]], [[embolism]], [[endotoxic shock]], [[gray baby syndrome]], [[cardiac arrhythmia|heart arrhythmia]], [[heart block]], [[heart failure]], heart injury, [[hemorrhagic shock]], hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome, [[hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]], [[hypovolemic shock]], [[idiopathic hypotension]], iliac artery aneurysm rupture, [[internal bleeding]], [[ischaemic heart disease]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[myocardial ischemia]], [[obstructive shock]], [[orthostatic hypotension]], [[pericardial effusion]], [[pericarditis]], [[perimyocarditis]], [[post-tussive syncope]], [[postural hypotension]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[shock]], [[sick sinus syndrome]], [[supraventricular tachycardia ]], [[syncope]], [[tetralogy of Fallot]], [[shock|traumatic shock]], [[tricuspid stenosis]], [[vasovagal syncope]], [[ventricular fibrillation]], [[WPW syndrome]]
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[aortic aneurysm|Aortic aneurysm rupture]], [[aortic arch syndrome]], [[aortic isthmus stenosis]], [[aortic regurgitation]], [[aortic stenosis]], [[aortocaval compression syndrome]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[AV block|atrioventricular node conduction block]], [[brain natriuretic peptide|B type natriuretic peptide]], baroceptor dysfunction in the elderly, [[capillary leak syndrome]], [[cardiac tamponade]], [[cardiogenic shock]], [[carotid sinus hypersensitivity]], [[carotid sinus syndrome]], [[coarctation of aorta]], [[complete heart block]], [[constrictive pericarditis]], [[cor triatriatum]], [[dehydration]], [[dissecting aortic aneurysm]], [[distributive shock]], [[Eisenmenger's syndrome]], [[embolism]], [[endotoxic shock]], [[gray baby syndrome]], [[cardiac arrhythmia|heart arrhythmia]], [[heart block]], [[heart failure]], heart injury, [[hemorrhagic shock]], hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome, [[hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]], [[hypovolemic shock]], [[Ibuprofen]], [[idiopathic hypotension]], [[iliac artery aneurysm|iliac artery aneurysm rupture]], [[internal bleeding]], [[ischaemic heart disease]], [[Lidocaine (ointment)]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[myocardial ischemia]], [[obstructive shock]], [[orthostatic hypotension]], [[pericardial effusion]], [[pericarditis]], [[perimyocarditis]], [[Perphenazine]], [[post-tussive syncope]], [[postural hypotension]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[shock]], [[sick sinus syndrome]], [[supraventricular tachycardia ]], [[syncope]], [[tetralogy of Fallot]], [[shock|traumatic shock]], [[tricuspid stenosis]], [[vasovagal syncope]], [[ventricular fibrillation]], [[WPW syndrome]]
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetaldehyde]], [[adiponitrile ]], [[copper]], [[cyanides]], [[demeton-S-methyl]], [[diazinon ]], [[dioxathion]], [[disulfoton ]], [[ethion ]], [[fensulfothion]], [[fenthion]], honey bee bite, indian tobacco, [[malathion]], [[methidathion]], [[methiocarb]], [[methomyl]], [[mushroom poisoning ]], [[parathion]], [[phosdrin]], [[conium|poison hemlock]], [[profenofos]], scorpion bite, [[sodium nitrite]], [[terbufos]], [[pyrophosphate|tetraethyl pyrophosphate ]], [[tetrodotoxin]], [[tobacco ]], wasp bite
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetaldehyde]], [[adiponitrile ]], [[Aldesleukin]], [[copper]], [[cyanides]], [[demeton-S-methyl]], [[diazinon ]], [[dioxathion]], [[disulfoton ]], [[ethion ]], [[fensulfothion]], [[fenthion]], honey bee bite, indian tobacco, [[malathion]], [[methidathion]], [[methiocarb]], [[methomyl]], [[mushroom poisoning ]], [[parathion]], [[phosdrin]], [[conium|poison hemlock]], [[profenofos]], scorpion bite, [[sodium nitrite]], [[terbufos]], [[pyrophosphate|tetraethyl pyrophosphate ]], [[tetrodotoxin]], [[tobacco ]], wasp bite
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Dermatologic'''
@@ Line 51: / Line 52: @@
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Drug Side Effect'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetophenazine]], [[alcuronium]], [[alfuzosin]], [[aliskiren]], alseroxylon, [[ambenonium]], [[ambrisentan]], [[amifostine]], [[aminoglutethimide]], [[amitriptyline]], [[amlodipine]], [[amoxapine]], [[amphotericin B]], [[amrinone]], [[amyl nitrate]], [[antipsychotic agents]], [[apomorphine]], azilsartan medoxomil, [[brain natriuretic peptide|B type natriuretic peptide]], [[baclofen]], [[beta blockers]], [[bethanechol]], bethanidine, [[bortezomib]], [[bosentan]], [[bretylium]], [[bromocriptine]], [[bupivacaine]], [[cabergoline]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[candesartan]], [[captopril]], [[chloroquine]], [[chlorpheniramine]], [[chlorpromazine]], [[chlorthalidone]], [[cilazapril]], [[cinnarizine]], [[clevidipine]], [[clomipramine]], [[clonidine]], [[colchicine]], [[cyclobenzaprine]], [[deserpidine]], [[desferrioxamine]], [[desipramine]], [[dexmedetomidine]], [[diazoxide]], [[dichlorvos ]], dicobalt edetate, [[dicrotophos ]], [[diltiazem]], [[diphenhydramine]], [[dipyridamole]], [[disopyramide]], [[distigmine]], [[diuretics]], [[donepezil ]], [[dothiepin]], [[doxazosin]], [[doxepin]], [[enalapril]], [[epidural anaesthesia]], [[eplerenone]], [[epoprostenol]], [[etoposide]], [[felodipine ]], [[fenoldopam]], [[fentanyl]], [[fosinopril]], [[general anaesthesia]], [[glyceryl trinitrate]], [[granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor]], [[guanadrel]], [[guanethidine]], [[guanfacine]], [[haloperidol]], [[hexamethonium]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydroxyzine]], [[imipramine]], [[indapamide]], [[indoramin]], [[interleukin 2]], iodine containing radiocontrast media, [[irbesartan]], [[isosorbide dinitrate]], [[isosorbide mononitrate]], [[isoxsuprine]], [[isradipine]], [[ketanserin]], [[labetalol]], [[l-dopa]], [[levomepromazine]], [[levosimendan]], [[lidocaine ]], [[lisinopril]], [[lithium]], [[lofexidine]], [[losartan]], [[mecamylamine]], [[methyldopa]], [[metirosine]], [[metolazone]], [[minoxidil]], [[morphine]], [[moxonidine]], [[nefazodone]], [[neostigmine]], [[niacin]], [[nicorandil]], [[nifedipine]], [[nimodipine]], [[nitroprusside]], [[nortriptyline]], [[olanzapine]], [[olmesartan]], [[omapatrilat]], [[opioid poisoning]], [[paliperidone]], [[pentamidine]], [[perazine]], [[pergolide]], [[phenothiazines]], [[phenoxybenzamine]], [[phentolamine]], pimobendan, [[pinacidil]], [[pipothiazine]], [[piribedil]], [[pramipexole]], [[prazosin]], [[protamine sulfate]], [[protriptyline]], [[quetiapine]], [[ramipril]], [[rasagiline]], [[reboxetine]], [[reserpine]], [[rilmenidine]], [[risperidone]], [[rituximab]], [[ropinirole]], [[rotigotine]], sassafras oil, [[sildenafil]], [[silodosin]], [[sodium nitroprusside]], [[spironolactone]], [[streptokinase]], [[sulphonamides]], [[tacrine]], [[tadalafil]], [[tamsulosin]], [[terazosin]], [[tetrabenazine]], [[tizanidine]], [[tolazoline]], [[tramadol]], [[treprostinil]], [[trifluperidol]], [[trimethaphan]], [[trimipramine]], [[tubocurarine]], [[urapidil]], [[valerian]], [[valsartan]], [[vardenafil]], [[verapamil]], [[ziconotide]], [[zotepine]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetaminophen and Oxycodone]], [[Acetophenazine]], [[Acetylcysteine]], [[alcuronium]], [[alfuzosin]], [[aliskiren]], alseroxylon    [[alprostadil]], [[ambenonium]], [[ambrisentan]], [[amifostine]], [[Amikacin sulfate]], [[aminoglutethimide]], [[amitriptyline]], [[amlodipine]],  [[Amobarbital sodium]],  [[amoxapine]], [[amphotericin B]], [[amrinone]], [[amyl nitrate]], [[antipsychotic agents]], [[Amlodipine besylate and Valsartan]], [[apomorphine]], [[Aprepitant]], azilsartan medoxomil, [[Aztreonam]], [[Beractant]], [[brain natriuretic peptide|B type natriuretic peptide]], [[baclofen]], [[beta blockers]], [[bethanechol]], bethanidine, [[bortezomib]], [[bosentan]], [[bretylium]], [[bromocriptine]], [[bupivacaine]], [[cabergoline]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[candesartan]], [[captopril]], [[chloroquine]], [[chlorpheniramine]], [[chlorpromazine]], [[chlorthalidone]], [[Cidofovir]], [[cilazapril]], [[cinacalcet]], [[cinnarizine]], [[Clemastine]], [[clevidipine]], [[clomipramine]], [[clonidine]], [[clozapine]],  [[Cefaclor]], [[colchicine]], [[Corticorelin]], [[cyclobenzaprine]], [[Dapagliflozin]], [[deserpidine]], [[desferrioxamine]], [[desipramine]], [[Desmopressin]], [[dexmedetomidine]], [[Dexpanthenol]], [[Dextran]], [[Dinoprostone]], [[diazoxide]], [[dichlorvos ]], dicobalt edetate, [[dicrotophos ]], [[diltiazem]], [[diphenhydramine]], [[dipyridamole]], [[disopyramide]], [[distigmine]], [[disulfiram]], [[diuretics]], [[Docetaxel]], [[donepezil ]],[[Dolasetron mesylate]],  [[dothiepin]], [[doxazosin]], [[doxepin]], [[edetate disodium]], [[Empagliflozin]], [[enalapril]], [[epidural anaesthesia]], [[eplerenone]], [[epoprostenol]], [[etoposide]], [[febuxostat]], [[Felbamate]], [[felodipine ]], [[fenoldopam]], [[fentanyl]], [[ferumoxytol]], [[Fluphenazine]], [[Flurazepam]], [[formoterol]], [[fosinopril]], [[Fosphenytoin sodium]], [[gadopentetate]], [[general anaesthesia]], [[gentamicin]], [[Granisetron]], [[Glucarpidase]], [[glyceryl trinitrate]], [[granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor]], [[gray baby syndrome]], [[guanadrel]], [[guanethidine]], [[guanfacine]], [[haloperidol]], [[hexamethonium]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydroxyzine]], [[Hydrochlorothiazide]], [[imipramine]], [[indapamide]], [[Indinavir]], [[Indomethacin]], [[indoramin]], [[Interferon-gamma]], [[interleukin 2]], [[iobenguane I 123]], iodine containing radiocontrast media, [[irbesartan]], [[isosorbide dinitrate]], [[isosorbide mononitrate]], [[isoxsuprine]], [[isradipine]], [[Ixabepilone]], [[ketanserin]], [[labetalol]], [[l-dopa]], [[Leuprolide]],  [[Levalbuterol]], [[levomepromazine]], [[levosimendan]], [[lidocaine ]], [[Lincomycin Hydrochloride]], [[lisinopril]], [[Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide]],  [[lithium]], [[lofexidine]], [[losartan]], [[mecamylamine]], [[Meropenem]], [[Methocarbamol]], [[methyldopa]], [[metirosine]], [[metoclopramide]], [[metolazone]], [[Metyrapone]], [[minoxidil]], [[morphine]], [[moxonidine]], [[Meprobamate]], [[Nabilone]], [[nefazodone]], [[neostigmine]], [[niacin]], [[nicorandil]], [[nifedipine]], [[nimodipine]], [[Nitroglycerin]], [[nitroprusside]], [[nitric oxide]], [[nortriptyline]], [[olanzapine]], [[olmesartan]], [[omapatrilat]], [[opioid poisoning]], [[Oprelvekin]], [[Oxaprozin]], [[oxcarbazepine]], [[Oxacillin]], [[paliperidone]], [[Panitumumab]], [[Pegaspargase]], [[Pegylated interferon alfa-2b]], [[Pentamidine Isethionate]], [[Penicillin G potassium]], [[perazine]], [[pergolide]], [[Perphenazine]] [[phenothiazines]], [[phenobarbital]] [[phenoxybenzamine]], [[phentolamine]], [[Pilocarpine]], [[pimobendan]], [[pinacidil]], [[pipothiazine]], [[Pirbuterol]], [[piribedil]], [[pramipexole]], [[prazosin]],[[Prochlorperazine]],  [[protamine sulfate]], [[protriptyline]], [[quetiapine]], [[ramipril]], [[Ramucirumab]], [[rasagiline]], [[reboxetine]], [[reserpine]], [[rilmenidine]], [[rifaximin]], [[Rimexolone]], [[riociguat]],[[risperidone]], [[rituximab]], [[rivastigmine]], [[ropinirole]], [[rotigotine]], sassafras oil, [[Secobarbital sodium]], [[serotonin syndrome]], [[sildenafil]], [[silodosin]], [[Siltuximab]], [[sodium nitroprusside]], [[Sodium oxybate]], [[spironolactone]], [[streptokinase]], [[sulphonamides]], [[tacrine]], [[tadalafil]], [[tamsulosin]], [[Teniposide]], [[terazosin]], [[tetrabenazine]], [[thalidomide]], [[Thallous Chloride Tl 201]], [[trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton rubrum]],[[Thioridazine hydrochloride]], [[Thiothixene]],
+[[Tiagabine]], [[tizanidine]], [[tolazoline]], [[tramadol]], [[travoprost]], [[treprostinil]], [[Trimethobenzamide]], [[Trifluoperazine]], [[trifluperidol]], [[trimethaphan]], [[trimipramine]], [[tubocurarine]], [[urapidil]], [[valerian]], [[valsartan]], [[vardenafil]], [[verapamil]], [[ziconotide]], [[zonisamide]], [[zotepine]]
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Endocrine'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome]], [[ACTH deficiency]], [[Addison's disease]], [[addisonian crisis]], [[adrenal hemorrhage]], [[adrenogenital syndrome]], [[adrenoleukodystrophy ]], [[Allgrove syndrome]], [[APECED syndrome ]], [[brain natriuretic peptide|B type natriuretic peptide]], [[carcinoid syndrome ]], [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia]], [[diabetes insipidus]], [[diabetic neuropathy|diabetic autonomic neuropathy]], [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[endocrine shock]], [[hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma]], [[hypoaldosteronism]], [[hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[Myxedema]], [[myxedema coma]], [[panhypopituitarism]], [[pituitary insufficiency]], [[pseudohypoaldosteronism]], [[Renon-Delille syndrome]], [[serotonin syndrome]], [[triple-A syndrome]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome]], [[ACTH deficiency]], [[Addison's disease]], [[addisonian crisis]], [[adrenal hemorrhage]], [[adrenogenital syndrome]], [[adrenoleukodystrophy ]], [[Allgrove syndrome]], [[APECED syndrome ]], [[brain natriuretic peptide|B type natriuretic peptide]], [[carcinoid syndrome ]], [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia]], [[diabetes insipidus]], [[diabetic neuropathy|diabetic autonomic neuropathy]], [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma]], [[hypoaldosteronism]], [[hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[Myxedema]], [[myxedema coma]], [[panhypopituitarism]], [[pituitary insufficiency]], [[pseudohypoaldosteronism]], Renon-Delille syndrome, [[serotonin syndrome]], [[triple-A syndrome]]
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Environmental'''
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Gastroenterologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome]], [[acute liver failure ]], [[acute pancreatitis]], [[viral gastroenteritis|acute viral gastroenteritis]], [[Allgrove syndrome]], bowel strangulation, deglutition syncope, [[diarrhea]], [[peptic ulcer|duodenal ulcer bleeding]], [[peptic ulcer|gastric ulcer bleeding]], [[gastric volvulus]], [[hepatic vein thrombosis]], [[hepatitis]], [[intususception]], [[mastocytosis ]], [[necrotizing enterocolitis]], [[paralytic ileus]], [[peritonitis ]], [[postprandial hypotension]], [[retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], [[small bowel obstruction]], [[splenic rupture]], [[superior mesenteric artery occlusion]], [[triple A syndrome]], [[tropical sprue ]], [[variceal bleeding]], [[vomiting]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome]], [[acute liver failure ]], [[acute pancreatitis]], [[viral gastroenteritis|acute viral gastroenteritis]], [[Allgrove syndrome]], bowel strangulation, deglutition syncope, [[diarrhea]], [[peptic ulcer|duodenal ulcer bleeding]], [[peptic ulcer|gastric ulcer bleeding]], [[gastric volvulus]], [[hepatic vein thrombosis]], [[hepatitis]], [[intususception]], [[mastocytosis ]], [[necrotizing enterocolitis]], [[paralytic ileus]], [[peritonitis ]], [[hypotension|postprandial hypotension]], [[retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], [[small bowel obstruction]], [[splenic rupture]], [[superior mesenteric artery|superior mesenteric artery occlusion]], [[triple A syndrome]], [[tropical sprue ]], [[variceal bleeding]], [[vomiting]]
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Genetic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome]], [[acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Allgrove syndrome]], [[ APECED syndrome]], [[Bartter syndrome]], corticosteroid-binding globulin deficiency , [[familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2]], [[hereditary peripheral nervous disorder ]], [[hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 3]], [[pseudohypoaldosteronism]], [[Renon-Delille syndrome]], [[Riley-Day syndrome]], [[triple A syndrome]], [[Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome]], [[acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Allgrove syndrome]], [[ APECED syndrome]], [[Bartter syndrome]], corticosteroid-binding globulin deficiency , familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2, hereditary peripheral nervous disorder, hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 3, [[pseudohypoaldosteronism]], Renon-Delille syndrome, [[Riley-Day syndrome]], [[triple A syndrome]], [[Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome]]
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Hematologic'''
@@ Line 72: / Line 74: @@
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Iatrogenic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| After a major surgery, [[blood transfusion ]], dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome, [[epidural anesthesia]], gastric acid stimulation test using histamines, [[general anesthesia]], [[mechanical ventilation]], [[post-operative]], [[renal dialysis]], [[transfusion reaction]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| After a major surgery, [[blood transfusion ]], dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome, [[epidural anesthesia]], gastric acid stimulation test using histamines, [[general anesthesia]], [[mechanical ventilation]], post-operative, [[renal dialysis]], [[transfusion reaction]]
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Infectious Disease'''
@@ Line 81: / Line 83: @@
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Neurologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[pure autonomic failure|Autonomic failure]], [[autonomic neuropathy]], [[Binswanger's disease ]], [[Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome]], [[diabetic neuropathy|diabetic autonomic neuropathy]], [[DOPA decarboxylase|DOPA decarboxylase deficiency]], [[dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency]], [[dysautonomia]], [[glosssopharyngeal neuralgia]], [[Guillain-Barre syndrome]], hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome, [[hereditary peripheral nervous disorder ]], [[hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 3]], [[multiple system atrophy]], [[neurogenic shock]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[polyradiculitis]], [[Riley-Day syndrome]], [[seizures]], [[Shy-Drager syndrome]], [[syringomyelia]], [[tabes dorsalis]], [[vasovagal syncope]], [[Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[pure autonomic failure|Autonomic failure]], [[autonomic neuropathy]], [[Binswanger's disease ]], [[Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome]], [[diabetic neuropathy|diabetic autonomic neuropathy]], [[DOPA decarboxylase|DOPA decarboxylase deficiency]], [[dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency]], [[dysautonomia]], [[glossopharyngeal neuralgia]], [[Guillain-Barre syndrome]], hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome, hereditary peripheral nervous disorder, hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 3, [[multiple system atrophy]], [[neurogenic shock]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[polyradiculitis]], [[Riley-Day syndrome]], [[seizures]], [[Shy-Drager syndrome]], [[syringomyelia]], [[tabes dorsalis]], [[vasovagal syncope]], [[Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome]]
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Kwashiorkor]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dehydration]],[[dieting|excessive dieting]],[[kwashiorkor]]
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aortocaval compression syndrome]], [[ectopic pregnancy rupture]], [[ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]], [[postpartum haemorrhage]], [[pregnancy]], [[puerpural shock]], [[septic abortion ]], [[uterine rupture]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aortocaval compression syndrome]], [[ectopic pregnancy|ectopic pregnancy rupture]], [[ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]], [[postpartum haemorrhage]], [[pregnancy]], puerpural shock, [[septic abortion ]], [[uterine rupture]]
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Oncologic'''
@@ Line 96: / Line 98: @@
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetophenazine]], [[alcuronium]], [[alfuzosin]], [[aliskiren]], alseroxylon, [[ambenonium]], [[ambrisentan]], [[amifostine]], [[aminoglutethimide]], [[amitriptyline]], [[amlodipine]], [[amoxapine]], [[amphotericin b]], [[amrinone]], [[antipsychotic agents]], [[apomorphine]], azilsartan medoxomil, [[baclofen]], [[beta blockers]], [[bethanechol]], bethanidine, [[bortezomib]], [[bosentan]], [[bretylium]], [[bromocriptine]], [[bupivacaine]], [[cabergoline]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[candesartan]], [[captopril]], [[chloroquine]], [[chlorpheniramine]], [[chlorpromazine]], [[chlorthalidone]], [[cilazapril]], [[cinnarizine]], [[clevidipine]], [[clomipramine]], [[clonidine]], [[colchicine]], [[cyclobenzaprine]], [[deserpidine]], [[desferrioxamine]], [[desipramine]], [[dexmedetomidine]], [[diazoxide]], [[dichlorvos ]], dicobalt edetate, [[dicrotophos ]], [[diltiazem]], [[diphenhydramine]], [[dipyridamole]], [[disopyramide]], [[distigmine]], [[diuretics]], [[donepezil ]], [[dothiepin]], [[doxazosin]], [[doxepin]], [[enalapril]], [[epidural anaesthesia]], [[eplerenone]], [[epoprostenol]], [[etoposide]], [[felodipine ]], [[fenoldopam]], [[fentanyl]], [[fosinopril]], [[general anaesthesia]], [[glyceryl trinitrate]], [[granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor]], [[guanadrel]], [[guanethidine]], [[guanfacine]], [[haloperidol]], [[hexamethonium]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydroxyzine]], [[imipramine]], [[indapamide]], [[indoramin]], [[interleukin 2]], [[irbesartan]], [[isosorbide dinitrate]], [[isosorbide mononitrate]], [[isoxsuprine]], [[isradipine]], [[ketanserin]], [[labetalol]], [[l-dopa]], [[levomepromazine]], [[levosimendan]], [[lidocaine ]], [[lisinopril]], [[lithium]], [[lofexidine]], [[losartan]], magnesium overdose, [[mecamylamine]], [[methyldopa]], [[metirosine]], [[metolazone]], [[minoxidil]], [[morphine]], [[moxonidine]], [[nefazodone]], [[neostigmine]], [[niacin]], [[nicorandil]], [[nifedipine]], [[nimodipine]], [[nitroprusside]], [[nortriptyline]], [[olanzapine]], , [[olmesartan]], [[omapatrilat]], [[opioid poisoning]], [[paliperidone]], [[pentamidine]], [[perazine]], [[pergolide]], [[phenothiazines]], [[phenoxybenzamine]], [[phentolamine]], pimobendan, [[pinacidil]], [[pipothiazine]], [[piribedil]], [[pramipexole]], [[prazosin]], [[protamine sulfate]], [[protriptyline]], [[quetiapine]], [[ramipril]], [[rasagiline]], [[reboxetine]], [[reserpine]], [[rilmenidine]], [[risperidone]], [[rituximab]], [[ropinirole]], [[rotigotine]], sassafras oil, [[sildenafil]], [[silodosin]], [[sodium nitroprusside]], [[spironolactone]], [[streptokinase]], [[sulphonamides]], [[tacrine]], [[tadalafil]], [[tamsulosin]], [[terazosin]], [[tetrabenazine]], [[tizanidine]], [[tolazoline]], [[tramadol]], [[treprostinil]], [[trifluperidol]], [[trimethaphan]], [[trimipramine]], [[tubocurarine]], [[urapidil]], [[valerian]], [[valsartan]], [[vardenafil]], [[verapamil]], [[ziconotide]], [[zotepine]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetophenazine]], [[alcuronium]], [[alfuzosin]], [[aliskiren]], alseroxylon, [[ambenonium]], [[ambrisentan]], [[amifostine]], [[aminoglutethimide]], [[amitriptyline]], [[amlodipine]], [[amoxapine]], [[amphotericin B]], [[amrinone]], [[antipsychotic agents]], [[apomorphine]], azilsartan medoxomil, [[baclofen]], [[beta blockers]], [[bethanechol]], bethanidine, [[bortezomib]], [[bosentan]], [[bretylium]], [[bromocriptine]], [[bupivacaine]], [[cabergoline]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[candesartan]], [[captopril]], [[chloroquine]], [[chlorpheniramine]], [[chlorpromazine]], [[chlorthalidone]], [[cilazapril]], [[cinnarizine]], [[clevidipine]], [[clomipramine]], [[clonidine]], [[colchicine]], [[cyclobenzaprine]], [[deserpidine]], [[desferrioxamine]], [[desipramine]], [[dexmedetomidine]], [[diazoxide]], [[dichlorvos ]], dicobalt edetate, [[dicrotophos ]], [[diltiazem]], [[diphenhydramine]], [[dipyridamole]], [[disopyramide]], [[distigmine]], [[diuretics]], [[donepezil ]], [[dothiepin]], [[doxazosin]], [[doxepin]], [[enalapril]], [[epidural anaesthesia]], [[eplerenone]], [[epoprostenol]], [[etoposide]], [[felodipine ]], [[fenoldopam]], [[fentanyl]], [[fosinopril]], [[general anaesthesia]], [[glyceryl trinitrate]], [[granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor]], [[guanadrel]], [[guanethidine]], [[guanfacine]], [[haloperidol]], [[hexamethonium]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydroxyzine]], [[imipramine]], [[indapamide]], [[indoramin]], [[interleukin 2]], [[irbesartan]], [[isosorbide dinitrate]], [[isosorbide mononitrate]], [[isoxsuprine]], [[isradipine]], [[ketanserin]], [[labetalol]], [[l-dopa]], [[levomepromazine]], [[levosimendan]], [[lidocaine ]], [[lisinopril]], [[lithium]], [[lofexidine]], [[losartan]], [[magnesium|magnesium overdose]], [[mecamylamine]], [[methyldopa]], [[metirosine]], [[metolazone]], [[minoxidil]], [[morphine]], [[moxonidine]], [[nefazodone]], [[neostigmine]], [[niacin]], [[nicorandil]], [[nifedipine]], [[nimodipine]], [[nitroprusside]], [[nortriptyline]], [[olanzapine]], , [[olmesartan]], [[omapatrilat]], [[opioid poisoning]], [[paliperidone]], [[pentamidine]], [[perazine]], [[pergolide]], [[phenothiazines]], [[phenoxybenzamine]], [[phentolamine]], pimobendan, [[pinacidil]], [[pipothiazine]], [[piribedil]], [[pramipexole]], [[prazosin]], [[protamine sulfate]], [[Paregoric]], [[protriptyline]], [[quetiapine]], [[ramipril]], [[rasagiline]], [[reboxetine]], [[reserpine]], [[rilmenidine]], [[risperidone]], [[rituximab]], [[ropinirole]], [[rotigotine]], sassafras oil, [[sildenafil]], [[silodosin]], [[sodium nitroprusside]], [[spironolactone]], [[streptokinase]], [[sulphonamides]], [[tacrine]], [[tadalafil]], [[tamsulosin]], [[terazosin]], [[tetrabenazine]], [[tizanidine]], [[tolazoline]], [[tramadol]], [[treprostinil]], [[trifluperidol]], [[trimethaphan]], [[trimipramine]], [[tubocurarine]], [[urapidil]], [[valerian]], [[valsartan]], [[vardenafil]], [[verapamil]], [[ziconotide]], [[zotepine]]
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 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Psychiatric'''
@@ Line 105: / Line 107: @@
 |-
 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bartter syndrome]], [[familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2]], [[hypermagnesaemia]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hyponatremia]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bartter syndrome]], [[dehydration]], familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2, [[hypermagnesaemia]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hyponatremia]]
 |-
 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]], [[anaphylactic shock]], [[anaphylactoid reaction]], [[blood transfusion ]], [[dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome]], [[food additive allergy ]], [[Guillain-Barre syndrome]], honey bee bite, [[mastocytosis]], scorpion bite, [[transfusion reaction]], [[urticaria]], wasp bite, [[Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome]], [[x-ray studies using contrast media]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]], [[anaphylactic shock]], [[anaphylactoid reaction]], [[blood transfusion ]], dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome, food additive allergy, [[Guillain-Barre syndrome]], honey bee bite, [[mastocytosis]], scorpion bite, [[transfusion reaction]], [[urticaria]], wasp bite, [[Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome]], x-ray studies using contrast media
 |-
 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Sexual'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Renon-Delille syndrome]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| Renon-Delille syndrome
 |-
 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Trauma'''
@@ Line 123: / Line 125: @@
 |-
 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Miscellaneous'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcohol]], [[alcohol withdrawal syndrome]], [[decompression sickness]], deglutition syncope, [[dehydration]], excessive dieting, [[fatigue]], [[heat exhaustion ]], [[hypothermia]], insufficient fluid intake, low salt diet, [[micturition syncope]], prolonged bed rest, [[snake bite]], [[syncope]], [[volume depletion ]], [[zero gravity ]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcohol]], [[alcohol withdrawal syndrome]], [[decompression sickness]], deglutition syncope, [[dehydration]], [[fatigue]], [[heat exhaustion]], [[hypothermia]], insufficient fluid intake, low salt diet, [[micturition syncope]], prolonged bed rest, [[snake bite]], [[syncope]], [[volume depletion ]], [[zero gravity ]]
 |-
 |}
-<font color="white">{{Smallcaps|{{PAGENAME}} developed by WikiDoc.org}}</font>
 ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
@@ Line 134: / Line 135: @@
 *[[Acetaldehyde]]
 *[[Acetophenazine]]
+*[[Acetylcysteine]]
 *[[Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome]]
 *[[ACTH deficiency]]
@@ Line 154: / Line 156: @@
 *[[Aliskiren]]
 *[[Allgrove syndrome]]
-*Alseroxylon
+*[[Alprostadil]],
+*[[Alseroxylon]]
 *[[Ambenonium]]
 *[[Ambrisentan]]
 *[[Amifostine]]
+*[[Amikacin sulfate]]
 *[[Aminoglutethimide]]
 *[[Amitriptyline]]
@@ Line 180: / Line 184: @@
 *[[APECED syndrome]]
 *[[Apomorphine]]
+*[[Aprepitant]]
 *[[Atrial myxoma]]
 *[[AV block|Atrioventricular node conduction block]]
@@ Line 186: / Line 191: @@
 *[[Autonomic neuropathy]]
 *Azilsartan medoxomil
+*[[Aztreonam]]
 *[[brain natriuretic peptide|B type natriuretic peptide]]
 *[[Baclofen]]
@@ Line 228: / Line 234: @@
 *[[Chronic pyelonephritis]]
 *[[Chronic renal failure]]
+*[[Cidofovir]]
 *[[Cilazapril]]
 *[[Cinnarizine]]
@@ Line 252: / Line 259: @@
 *[[Desferrioxamine]]
 *[[Desipramine]]
+*[[Desmopressin]]
 *[[Dexmedetomidine]]
 *[[Diabetes insipidus]]
@@ Line 273: / Line 281: @@
 *[[Disulfoton]]
 *[[Diuretics]]
+*[[Docetaxel]]
 *[[Donepezil]]
-*[[Dopa decarboxylase deficiency]]
+*[[DOPA decarboxylase|DOPA decarboxylase deficiency]]
 *[[Dopamine]]
-*[[Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency]]
+*[[Dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency]]
 *[[Dothiepin]]
 *[[Doxazosin]]
 *[[Doxepin]]
-*[[Duodenal ulcer bleeding]]
+*[[peptic ulcer|Duodenal ulcer bleeding]]
 *[[Dysautonomia]]
 *[[Dysrhythmia]]
-*[[Ectopic pregnancy rupture]]
+*[[ectopic pregnancy|Ectopic pregnancy rupture]]
 {{col-break|width=33%}}
 *[[Eisenmenger's syndrome]]
@@ Line 294: / Line 303: @@
 *[[Ethion]]
 *[[Etoposide]]
-*[[Excessive dieting]]
+*[[dieting|Excessive dieting]]
-*[[Excessive fluid loss through dialysis]]
+*Excessive fluid loss through dialysis
-*[[Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2]]
+*Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2
 *[[Fatigue]]
 *[[Felodipine]]
@@ Line 304: / Line 313: @@
 *[[Fenthion]]
 *[[Focal cerebral ischemia]]
-*[[Food additive allergy]]
+*Food additive allergy
 *[[Fosinopril]]
-*[[Gastric acid stimulation test using histamines]]
+*Gastric acid stimulation test using histamines
-*[[Gastric ulcer bleeding]]
+*[[peptic ulcer|Gastric ulcer bleeding]]
 *[[Gastric volvulus]]
 *[[General anaesthesia]]
 *[[Gitelman syndrome]]
-*[[Glosssopharyngeal neuralgia]]
+*[[Glossopharyngeal neuralgia]]
 *[[Glyceryl trinitrate]]
 *[[Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor]]
@@ Line 321: / Line 330: @@
 *[[Haloperidol]]
 *[[Hantavirus]]
-*[[Heart arrhythmia]]
+*[[cardiac arrhythmia|Heart arrhythmia]]
 *[[Heart block]]
 *[[Heart failure]]
-*[[Heart injury]]
+*Heart injury
 *[[Heat exhaustion]]
 *[[Hemorragic fever with renal syndrome]]
 *[[Hemorrhage]]
 *[[Hemorrhagic shock]]
-*[[Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome]]
+*Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome
 *[[Hepatic vein thrombosis]]
 *[[Hepatitis]]
-*[[Hereditary peripheral nervous disorder]]
+*Hereditary peripheral nervous disorder
-*[[Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 3]]
+*Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 3
 *[[Hexamethonium]]
 *[[Histamine]]
 *[[HIV]]
-*[[Honey bee bite]]
+*Honey bee bite
 *[[Hydralazine]]
 *[[Hydroxyzine]]
@@ Line 344: / Line 353: @@
 *[[Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma]]
 *[[Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]]
-*[[Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile type 2]]
 *[[Hypoaldosteronism]]
 *[[Hypokalemia]]
@@ Line 354: / Line 362: @@
 *[[Hypovolemic shock]]
 *[[Idiopathic hypotension]]
-*[[Iliac artery aneurysm rupture]]
+*[[iliac artery aneurysm|Iliac artery aneurysm rupture]]
 *[[Imipramine]]
 *[[Indapamide]]
-*[[Indian tobacco]]
+*Indian tobacco
+*[[Indinavir]]
 *[[Indoramin]]
-*[[Insufficient fluid intake]]
+*[[Infliximab]]
+*Insufficient fluid intake
+*[[Interferon-gamma]]
 *[[Interleukin 2]]
 *[[Internal bleeding]]
 *[[Intususception]]
-*[[Iodine containing radiocontrast media]]
+*Iodine containing radiocontrast media
 *[[Irbesartan]]
 *[[Ischaemic heart disease]]
@@ Line 371: / Line 382: @@
 *[[Isoxsuprine]]
 *[[Isradipine]]
+*[[Ixabepilone]]
 *[[Ketanserin]]
 *[[Kwashiorkor]]
@@ Line 381: / Line 393: @@
 *[[Lidocaine]]
 *[[Lisinopril]]
+*[[Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide]]
 *[[Lithium]]
 *[[Lofexidine]]
 *[[Losartan]]
-*[[Low salt diet]]
+*Low salt diet
 *[[Lyme disease]]
 *[[Lysuride]]
-*[[Magnesium overdose]]
+*[[magnesium|Magnesium overdose]]
 *[[Malathion]]
 *[[MAOI]]
 *[[Marijuana]]
 *[[Mastocytosis]]
-*[[Maternal hypotension syndrome]]
+*Maternal hypotension syndrome
 *[[Mecamylamine]]
 *[[Mechanical ventilation]]
@@ Line 399: / Line 412: @@
 *[[Methomyl]]
 *[[Methyldopa]]
-*[[Methyldopate]]
+*Methyldopate
 *[[Metirosine]]
+*[[Metyrapone]]
 *[[Metolazone]]
 *[[Micturition syncope]]
@@ Line 415: / Line 429: @@
 *[[Myxedema]]
 *[[Myxedema coma]]
+*[[Nabilone]]
 *[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
 *[[Nefazodone]]
@@ Line 430: / Line 445: @@
 *[[Omapatrilat]]
 *[[Opioid poisoning]]
+*[[Oprelvekin]]
 *[[Orthostatic hypotension]]
 *[[Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]]
+*[[Oxaprozin]]
 *[[Paliperidone]]
 *[[Pancreatitis]]
 *[[Panhypopituitarism]]
+*[[Panitumumab]]
 *[[Paralytic ileus]]
 *[[Parathion]]
 {{col-break|width=33%}}
 *[[Parkinson's disease]]
+*[[Pegaspargase]]
 *[[Pentamidine]]
 *[[Perazine]]
@@ Line 452: / Line 471: @@
 *[[Phosdrin]]
 *[[Pick's disease]]
-*[[Pimobendan]]
+*Pimobendan
 *[[Pinacidil]]
 *[[Pipothiazine]]
 *[[Piribedil]]
 *[[Pituitary insufficiency]]
-*[[Poison hemlock]]
+*[[conium|Poison hemlock]]
 *[[Polyradiculitis]]
-*[[Post-operative]]
+*Post-operative
 *[[Postpartum haemorrhage]]
-*[[Postprandial hypotension]]
+*[[hypotension|Postprandial hypotension]]
 *[[Post-tussive syncope]]
 *[[Postural hypotension]]
@@ Line 469: / Line 488: @@
 *[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]]
 *[[Profenofos]]
-*[[Prolonged bed-rest]]
+*Prolonged bed-rest
 *[[Protamine sulfate]]
 *[[Protriptyline]]
 *[[Pseudohypoaldosteronism]]
-*[[Puerpural shock]]
+*Puerpural shock
 *[[Pulmonary edema]]
 *[[Pulmonary embolism]]
 *[[Pulmonary stenosis]]
-*[[Pyogenic pericarditis]]
+*[[pericarditis|Pyogenic pericarditis]]
 *[[Quetiapine]]
 *[[Ramipril]]
+*[[Ramucirumab]]
 *[[Rasagiline]]
 *[[Reboxetine]]
 *[[Renal dialysis]]
-*[[Renal tubular dysgenesis]]
+*Renal tubular dysgenesis
-*[[Renon-Delille syndrome]]
+*Renon-Delille syndrome
 *[[Reserpine]]
 *[[Respiratory acidosis]]
@@ Line 498: / Line 518: @@
 *[[Sarcoidosis]]
 *Sassafras oil
-*[[Scorpion bite]]
+*Scorpion bite
 *[[Seizures]]
 *[[Sepsis]]
@@ Line 506: / Line 526: @@
 *[[Serotonin syndrome]]
 *[[Serotonin-secreting tumor]]
-*[[Severe bleeding]]
+*[[bleeding|Severe bleeding]]
 *[[Shaken baby syndrome]]
 *[[Shock]]
@@ Line 513: / Line 533: @@
 *[[Sildenafil]]
 *[[Silodosin]]
+*[[Siltuximab]]
 *[[Sjogren syndrome]]
 *[[Small bowel obstruction]]
@@ Line 518: / Line 539: @@
 *[[Sodium nitrite]]
 *[[Sodium nitroprusside]]
+*[[Sodium oxybate]]
 *[[Spironolactone]]
 *[[Splenic rupture]]
 *[[Streptokinase]]
 *[[Sulphonamides]]
-*[[Superior mesenteric artery occlusion]]
+*[[superior mesenteric artery|Superior mesenteric artery occlusion]]
 *[[Supraventricular tachycardia]]
 *[[Syncope]]
@@ Line 532: / Line 554: @@
 *[[Tadalafil]]
 *[[Tamsulosin]]
+*[[Teniposide]]
 *[[Tension pneumothorax]]
 *[[Terazosin]]
@@ Line 539: / Line 562: @@
 *[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]
 *[[Tetrodotoxin]]
+*[[Thioridazine hydrochloride]]
 *[[Thoracic aortic aneurysm]]
+*[[Tiagabine]]
 *[[Tizanidine]]
 *[[Tobacco]]
@@ Line 548: / Line 573: @@
 *[[Transfusion reaction]]
 *[[Trauma]]
-*[[Traumatic shock]]
+*[[shock|Traumatic shock]]
 *[[Treprostinil]]
 *[[Tricuspid stenosis]]
@@ Line 568: / Line 593: @@
 *[[Vardenafil]]
 *[[Variceal bleeding]]
-*[[Vascular neuropathy]]
+*Vascular neuropathy
 *[[Vasovagal syncope]]
 *[[Ventricular familial preexcitation syndrome]]
@@ Line 575: / Line 600: @@
 *[[Vertebral fracture]]
 *[[Vibrio vulnificus]]
-*[[Viral pericarditis]]
+*[[pericarditis|Viral pericarditis]]
 *[[VLCAD deficiency]]
 *[[Volume depletion]]
 *[[Vomiting]]
-*[[Wasp bite]]
+*Wasp bite
 *[[Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome]]
 *[[Weil syndrome]]
@@ Line 585: / Line 610: @@
 *[[WPW syndrome]]
 *[[Xamoterol]]
-*[[X-ray studies using contrast media]]
+*X-ray studies using contrast media
 *[[Zero gravity]]
 *[[Ziconotide]]
 *[[Zotepine]]
 {{col-end}}
-<font color="white">{{Smallcaps|{{PAGENAME}} developed by WikiDoc.org}}</font>
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
-[[Category:Needs overview]]
+[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
 [[Category: Cardiology]]
 [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
 [[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
-[[Category: Signs and symptoms]]
 [[Category: Physical examination]]
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