Leukonychia: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
 
(30 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
 
{{Infobox_Disease |
[[Image:Leukonychia.jpg|thumb]]
  Name          = {{PAGENAME}} |
 
  Image         = Leukonychia.jpg|
  Caption        = |
  DiseasesDB    = 7207 |
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|L|60||l|60}} |
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|703}} |
  ICDO          = |
  OMIM          = 151600                        |
  MedlinePlus    = 003247 |
  MeshID        = |
}}
{{SI}}
{{SI}}


'''For patient information, click [[Leukonychia (patient information)|Leukonychia]]'''
{{CMG}};{{AE}} {{KS}}
 
{{CMG}}


'''''Synonyms and keywords:'''''
'''''Synonyms and keywords:''''' Leuconychia


==Overview==
==Overview==
 
'''Leukonychia''' is a medical term for white discoloration appearing on [[nail (anatomy)|nails]].  It is derived from the Greek words ''Leuko'' '''white''' and ''Onyx'' '''nail'''.  The most common cause is injury to the base of the nail (the matrix) where the nail is formed.
'''Leukonychia''' (or '''Leuconychia''') is a medical term for white discoloration appearing on [[nail (anatomy)|nails]].  It is derived from the Greek words ''Leuko'' '''white''' and ''Onyx'' '''nail'''.  The most common cause is injury to the base of the nail (the matrix) where the nail is formed.


==Classification==
==Classification==
===Leukonychia Totalis===
'''Leukonychia Totalis:'''
This condition is a whitening of the entire nail.  This may be due to hypoalbuminaemia, a [[Genetics|genetic]] condition, or a side effect of [[sulphonamides]], a family of [[antibiotics]].<ref>http://dermis.multimedica.de/dermisroot/en/35571/image.htm</ref>
This condition is a whitening of the entire nail.  This may be due to hypoalbuminaemia, a [[Genetics|genetic]] condition, or a side effect of [[sulphonamides]], a family of [[antibiotics]].<ref>http://dermis.multimedica.de/dermisroot/en/35571/image.htm</ref>


===Leukonychia Partialis===
'''Leukonychia Partialis:'''
This condition is whitening of parts of the nail.  There are several types of this condition.
This condition is whitening of parts of the nail.  There are several types of this condition.
====Leukonychia Striata or Transverse Leukonychia====
 
'''Leukonychia Striata or Transverse Leukonychia:'''
This is a whitening or discoloration of the nail in bands or "stria".  It may be caused by [[cirrhosis]], [[chemotherapy]], or physical injury to the nail matrix.  (i.e. excessive nail "tapping" or slamming in a car door).<ref>http://dermis.multimedica.de/dermisroot/en/35559/image.htm</ref>
This is a whitening or discoloration of the nail in bands or "stria".  It may be caused by [[cirrhosis]], [[chemotherapy]], or physical injury to the nail matrix.  (i.e. excessive nail "tapping" or slamming in a car door).<ref>http://dermis.multimedica.de/dermisroot/en/35559/image.htm</ref>


This condition looks similar to [[Mee's lines]], a condition caused by [[Arsenic]], [[Lead]], or other [[heavy metal]] poisoning.
This condition looks similar to [[Mee's lines]], a condition caused by [[Arsenic]], [[Lead]], or other [[heavy metal]] poisoning.


===='True' Leukonychia====
'''True Leukonychia:'''
This is the most common form of Leukonychia, small white spots on the nails. Picking and biting of the nails are a prominent cause in young children and nail biters.   
This is the most common form of Leukonychia, small white spots on the nails. Picking and biting of the nails are a prominent cause in young children and nail biters.   
In most cases, when white spots appear on a single or a couple of fingers or toes, the most common cause is injury to the base (matrix) of the nail. When this is the case, white spots disappear after around eight months, which is the amount of time necessary for nails to regrow completely.<ref>[http://www.thenailgeek.com/articles/6245-my-big-fat-greek-leukonychia.html The Nail Geek: My Big Fat Greek Leukonychia]</ref>
In most cases, when white spots appear on a single or a couple of fingers or toes, the most common cause is injury to the base (matrix) of the nail. When this is the case, white spots disappear after around eight months, which is the amount of time necessary for nails to regrow completely.<ref>[http://www.thenailgeek.com/articles/6245-my-big-fat-greek-leukonychia.html The Nail Geek: My Big Fat Greek Leukonychia]</ref>


White spots showing up on all or nearly all nails for longer periods of time (months and years) can be due to one of several reasons. One common explanation is [[zinc]] deficiency.<ref>[http://www.webmd.com/content/article/42/1689_50294.htm?lastselectedguid={5FE84E90-BC77-4056-A91C-9531713CA348 What Are These White Spots?]</ref>
White spots showing up on all or nearly all nails for longer periods of time (months and years) can be due to one of several reasons. One common explanation is [[zinc]] deficiency.<ref>[http://www.webmd.com/content/article/42/1689_50294.htm?lastselectedguid={5FE84E90-BC77-4056-A91C-9531713CA348 What Are These White Spots?]</ref>
==Pathophysiology==
===Associated Conditions===
*[[Kidney disease]]
*[[Liver disease]]
==Causes==
===Causes In Alphabetical Order===
*[[Anemia]]
*[[Arsenic poisoning]]
*[[Calcium deficiency]]
*[[Heart disease|Cardiac Diseases]]
*[[Cirrhosis]]
*[[Congenital isolated nail dysplasia]]
*[[Darier's disease]]
*[[Fever]]
*[[Hypoalbuminemia]]
*[[Iron deficiency]]
*[[Leprosy]]
*[[Malabsorption]]
*[[Mycosis]]
*[[Nitrate]] [[solution]]
*[[Silver]] [[solution]]
*[[Sulphonamides]]
*[[Noxa]]
*[[Steatocystoma multiplex]]
*[[Trauma]]
*[[Vitiligo]]
*[[Witkop syndrome]]
*[[Zinc deficiency]]


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
Line 36: Line 75:
===Past Medical History===
===Past Medical History===
A doctor will take a thorough [[medical history]], and may test [[liver]] and [[kidney]] function.
A doctor will take a thorough [[medical history]], and may test [[liver]] and [[kidney]] function.
====Physical Examination====
=====Skin=====
======Hand======
<gallery>
Image:Leukonychia01.jpg|Leukonychia. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
Image:Leukonychia02.jpg|Leukonychia. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/  Adapted from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="Dermatology Atlas">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
</gallery>


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Line 42: Line 90:


====Chronic Pharmacotherapies====
====Chronic Pharmacotherapies====
If a zinc deficiency is identified, a diet rich in zinc or zinc supplements may be administered.
If a [[zinc deficiency]] is identified, a diet rich in zinc or zinc supplements may be administered.


==References==
==References==
<references/>
{{Reflist|2}}
*[http://dermis.multimedica.de/dermisroot/en/35556/diagnose.htm Leukonychia Striata information]
* [http://dermis.multimedica.de/dermisroot/en/35570/diagnose.htm Leukonychia Totalis information]
* [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/333/2/100 New England Journal of Medicine: Transverse Leukonychia]
* [http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/467074 Medscape Today: Traumatic Transverse Leukonychia]


==External links==
* [http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a3_035.html The Straight Dope: What causes white spots on your fingernails?]


<!--Leukonychia is not actually a "disease," but it's unclear where else to categorize this article.-->


[[Category:Nail diseases]]
[[Category:Nail diseases]]
[[Category:Medical signs]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 18:15, 9 June 2015

Leukonychia
ICD-10 L60
ICD-9 703
OMIM 151600
DiseasesDB 7207
MedlinePlus 003247

WikiDoc Resources for Leukonychia

Articles

Most recent articles on Leukonychia

Most cited articles on Leukonychia

Review articles on Leukonychia

Articles on Leukonychia in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Leukonychia

Images of Leukonychia

Photos of Leukonychia

Podcasts & MP3s on Leukonychia

Videos on Leukonychia

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Leukonychia

Bandolier on Leukonychia

TRIP on Leukonychia

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Leukonychia at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Leukonychia

Clinical Trials on Leukonychia at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Leukonychia

NICE Guidance on Leukonychia

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Leukonychia

CDC on Leukonychia

Books

Books on Leukonychia

News

Leukonychia in the news

Be alerted to news on Leukonychia

News trends on Leukonychia

Commentary

Blogs on Leukonychia

Definitions

Definitions of Leukonychia

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Leukonychia

Discussion groups on Leukonychia

Patient Handouts on Leukonychia

Directions to Hospitals Treating Leukonychia

Risk calculators and risk factors for Leukonychia

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Leukonychia

Causes & Risk Factors for Leukonychia

Diagnostic studies for Leukonychia

Treatment of Leukonychia

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Leukonychia

International

Leukonychia en Espanol

Leukonychia en Francais

Business

Leukonychia in the Marketplace

Patents on Leukonychia

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Leukonychia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Leuconychia

Overview

Leukonychia is a medical term for white discoloration appearing on nails. It is derived from the Greek words Leuko white and Onyx nail. The most common cause is injury to the base of the nail (the matrix) where the nail is formed.

Classification

Leukonychia Totalis: This condition is a whitening of the entire nail. This may be due to hypoalbuminaemia, a genetic condition, or a side effect of sulphonamides, a family of antibiotics.[1]

Leukonychia Partialis: This condition is whitening of parts of the nail. There are several types of this condition.

Leukonychia Striata or Transverse Leukonychia: This is a whitening or discoloration of the nail in bands or "stria". It may be caused by cirrhosis, chemotherapy, or physical injury to the nail matrix. (i.e. excessive nail "tapping" or slamming in a car door).[2]

This condition looks similar to Mee's lines, a condition caused by Arsenic, Lead, or other heavy metal poisoning.

True Leukonychia: This is the most common form of Leukonychia, small white spots on the nails. Picking and biting of the nails are a prominent cause in young children and nail biters. In most cases, when white spots appear on a single or a couple of fingers or toes, the most common cause is injury to the base (matrix) of the nail. When this is the case, white spots disappear after around eight months, which is the amount of time necessary for nails to regrow completely.[3]

White spots showing up on all or nearly all nails for longer periods of time (months and years) can be due to one of several reasons. One common explanation is zinc deficiency.[4]

Pathophysiology

Associated Conditions

Causes

Causes In Alphabetical Order

Diagnosis

Past Medical History

A doctor will take a thorough medical history, and may test liver and kidney function.

Physical Examination

Skin
Hand

Treatment

Pharmacotherapy

Chronic Pharmacotherapies

If a zinc deficiency is identified, a diet rich in zinc or zinc supplements may be administered.

References

  1. http://dermis.multimedica.de/dermisroot/en/35571/image.htm
  2. http://dermis.multimedica.de/dermisroot/en/35559/image.htm
  3. The Nail Geek: My Big Fat Greek Leukonychia
  4. What Are These White Spots?
  5. 5.0 5.1 "Dermatology Atlas".


Template:WikiDoc Sources