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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT [[Yersinia pestis]] |
| {{Yersinia pestis infection}}
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| {{CMG}}; Assistant Editors-In-Chief: [[Esther Lee, M.A.]]
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| ==Causes==
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| ''Yersinia pestis'', a rod-shaped facultative anaerobe with bipolar staining (giving it a [[safety pin]] appearance).<ref name=Baron>{{cite book | author = Collins FM | title = Pasteurella, Yersinia, and Francisella. ''In:'' Baron's Medical Microbiology ''(Baron S ''et al'', eds.)| edition = 4th | publisher = Univ. of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.1611 | isbn = 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref> causes the infection in mammals and humans.
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| Transmission of ''Y. pestis'' to an uninfected individual is possible by any of the following means.<ref name="PM">''Plague Manual: Epidemiology, Distribution, Surveillance and Control'', pp. 9 and 11. WHO/CDS/CSR/EDC/99.2</ref>
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| * droplet contact – coughing or sneezing on another person
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| * direct physical contact – touching an infected person, including sexual contact
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| * indirect contact – usually by touching [[soil contamination]] or a contaminated surface
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| * airborne transmission – if the microorganism can remain in the air for long periods
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| * fecal-oral transmission – usually from contaminated food or water sources
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| * vector borne transmission – carried by insects or other animals.
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Dermatology]]
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| [[Category:Infectious disease]]
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| [[Category:Pulmonology]]
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| [[Category:Hematology]]
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| [[Category:Disease]]
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WS}}
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