Angiostrongyliasis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Symptoms== | |||
Infection first presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weakness, which gradually lessens and progresses to fever, and then to CNS symptoms and severe headache and stiffness of the neck. | |||
===Clinical symptoms=== | |||
The clinical symptoms of eosinophilic meningitis are as follows: | |||
* fever is often minor or absent but the presence of high fever suggests severe disease. | |||
* headaches- a bitemporal character in the frontal or occipital lobe | |||
* meningismus - neck stiffness | |||
* photophobia - sensitivity to light | |||
* nausea with or without vomiting | |||
* paresthesias - tingling, prickling, or numbing of skin | |||
* hyperesthesia - severe sensitivity to touch | |||
* bladder dysfunction with urinary retention | |||
* vertigo | |||
* blindness<ref name="urlwww.dhh.louisiana.gov"/> | |||
* paralysis localized to one area | |||
* general paralysis often ascending in nature starting with the feet and progressing upwards to involve the entire body. | |||
* coma | |||
* death | |||
===Severe/CNS infection=== | |||
CNS symptoms begin with mild cognitive impairment and slowed reactions, and in a very severe form often progress to unconsciousness.<ref name="HuaLi2008">Hua Li, Feng Xu, Jin-Bao Gu and Xiao-Guang Chen (2008). “Case Report: A Severe Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis Caused by Infection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis”. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 79(4): 568–570.</ref> Patients may present with neuropathic pain early in the infection. Eventually severe infection will lead to ascending weakness, quadriparesis, areflexia, respiratory failure, and muscle atrophy, and will lead to death if not treated. Occasionally patients present with cranial nerve palsies, usually in nerves 7 and 8, and rarely larvae will enter ocular structures.<ref name=Ramirez-Avila2009>L. Ramirez-Avila (2009). “Eosinophilic Meningitis due to Angiostrongylus and Gnathostoma Species”. Emerging Infections, 48: 322-327.</ref> Even with treatment, damage to the CNS may be permanent and result in a variety of negative outcomes depending on the location of the infection, and the patient may suffer chronic pain as a result of infection.<ref name=HuaLi2008 /> | |||
===Eye invasion=== | |||
Symptoms of eye invasion include visual impairment, pain, [[keratitis]], and [[retinal edema]]. Worms usually appear in the [[anterior chamber]] and [[vitreous humour|vitreous]] and can sometimes be removed surgically. | |||
The parasite is rarely seen outside of endemic areas, and in these cases patients generally have a history of travel to an endemic area. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 15:49, 10 August 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Symptoms
Infection first presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weakness, which gradually lessens and progresses to fever, and then to CNS symptoms and severe headache and stiffness of the neck.
Clinical symptoms
The clinical symptoms of eosinophilic meningitis are as follows:
- fever is often minor or absent but the presence of high fever suggests severe disease.
- headaches- a bitemporal character in the frontal or occipital lobe
- meningismus - neck stiffness
- photophobia - sensitivity to light
- nausea with or without vomiting
- paresthesias - tingling, prickling, or numbing of skin
- hyperesthesia - severe sensitivity to touch
- bladder dysfunction with urinary retention
- vertigo
- blindness[1]
- paralysis localized to one area
- general paralysis often ascending in nature starting with the feet and progressing upwards to involve the entire body.
- coma
- death
Severe/CNS infection
CNS symptoms begin with mild cognitive impairment and slowed reactions, and in a very severe form often progress to unconsciousness.[2] Patients may present with neuropathic pain early in the infection. Eventually severe infection will lead to ascending weakness, quadriparesis, areflexia, respiratory failure, and muscle atrophy, and will lead to death if not treated. Occasionally patients present with cranial nerve palsies, usually in nerves 7 and 8, and rarely larvae will enter ocular structures.[3] Even with treatment, damage to the CNS may be permanent and result in a variety of negative outcomes depending on the location of the infection, and the patient may suffer chronic pain as a result of infection.[2]
Eye invasion
Symptoms of eye invasion include visual impairment, pain, keratitis, and retinal edema. Worms usually appear in the anterior chamber and vitreous and can sometimes be removed surgically.
The parasite is rarely seen outside of endemic areas, and in these cases patients generally have a history of travel to an endemic area.
References
- ↑
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hua Li, Feng Xu, Jin-Bao Gu and Xiao-Guang Chen (2008). “Case Report: A Severe Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis Caused by Infection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis”. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 79(4): 568–570.
- ↑ L. Ramirez-Avila (2009). “Eosinophilic Meningitis due to Angiostrongylus and Gnathostoma Species”. Emerging Infections, 48: 322-327.