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[[Image:Parainfluenza virus TEM PHIL 271 lores.jpg|right|thumb|200px|right|Transmission electron micrograph of parainfluenza virus. Two intact particles and free filamentous nucleocapsid]]
[[Image:Parainfluenza virus TEM PHIL 271 lores.jpg|right|thumb|200px|right|Transmission electron micrograph of parainfluenza virus. Two intact particles and free filamentous nucleocapsid]]
{{Human parainfluenza virus}}
{{Human parainfluenza virus}}
'''For patient information click [[Human parainfluenza viruses (patient information)|here]].'''
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==The viruses==
==[[Human parainfluenza viruses overview|Overview]]==
 
HPIVs are negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that possess fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein "spikes" on their surface. There are four serotypes types of HPIV (1 through 4) and two subtypes (4a and 4b). The virion varies in size (average diameter between 150 and 300 nm) and shape, is unstable in the environment (surviving a few hours on environmental surfaces), and is readily inactivated with soap and water.
 
===Types===


The four serotypes include:
==[[Human parainfluenza viruses historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Human parainfluenza viruses classification|Classification]]==
==[[Human parainfluenza viruses pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Human parainfluenza viruses causes|Causes]]==


* Human parainfluenza virus type 1: HPIV-1 (most common cause of [[croup]]; also other upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses typical)
==[[Human parainfluenza viruses differential diagnosis|Differentiating Human parainfluenza viruses from other Disorders]]==
* Human parainfluenza virus type 2: HPIV-2 (causes croup and other upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses)
* Human parainfluenza virus type 3: HPIV-3 (associated with [[bronchiolitis]] and [[pneumonia]])
* Human parainfluenza virus type 4: HPIV-4 (includes subtypes 4a and 4b)


==References==
==[[Human parainfluenza viruses epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[Human parainfluenza viruses risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Human parainfluenza viruses natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


* American Academy of Pediatrics. Parainfluenza Viral Infections. In: Peter G, ed. 1997 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 24th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 1997: 379.
==Diagnosis==
* Collins PL, Chanock RM, McIntosh K. Parainfluenza viruses. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM, eds. Fields Virology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1995: 1205-41.
[[Human parainfluenza viruses history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Human parainfluenza viruses physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Human parainfluenza viruses laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Human parainfluenza viruses chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Human parainfluenza viruses other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Human parainfluenza viruses other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
* Glezen WP, Denny FW. Parainfluenza Viruses In: Evans A, Kaslow R, eds. Viral Infections in Humans: epidemiology and control. 4th ed. New York: Plenum; 1997:551-67.


==Treatment==
[[Human parainfluenza viruses medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Human parainfluenza viruses prevention|Prevention]] | [[Human parainfluenza viruses cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Human parainfluenza viruses future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Case Studies==
[[Human parainfluenza viruses case study one|Case #1]]


[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Viruses]]
[[Category:Viruses]]


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[[fr:Parainfluenza]]
[[pl:Wirus paragrypy]]


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Latest revision as of 18:57, 10 August 2015

Transmission electron micrograph of parainfluenza virus. Two intact particles and free filamentous nucleocapsid

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Human parainfluenza viruses from other Disorders

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1


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