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==Endocrine emergencies==
==Endocrine emergencies==
In endocrinology, medical emergencies include [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state]], [[hypoglycemia|hypoglycemic coma]], [[adrenal insufficiency|acute adrenocortical insufficiency]], [[phaeochromocytoma]] crisis, [[hypercalcemic crisis]], [[thyroid storm]], [[myxoedema coma]] and [[pituitary apoplexy]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Savage|first=M W|author2=P Mah |author3=A Weetman |author4=J Newell-Price |title=Endocrine emergencies|journal=Postgraduate Medical Journal|date=1 September 2004|volume=80|issue=947|pages=506–515|doi=10.1136/pgmj.2003.013474}}</ref>
In endocrinology, medical emergencies include [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state]], [[hypoglycemia|hypoglycemic coma]], [[adrenal insufficiency|acute adrenocortical insufficiency]], [[phaeochromocytoma]] crisis, [[hypercalcemic crisis]], [[thyroid storm]], [[myxoedema coma]] and [[pituitary apoplexy]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Savage|first=M W|author2=P Mah |author3=A Weetman |author4=J Newell-Price |title=Endocrine emergencies|journal=Postgraduate Medical Journal|date=1 September 2004|volume=80|issue=947|pages=506–515|doi=10.1136/pgmj.2003.013474}}</ref>
Emergencies arising from decompensated [[pheochromocytoma]]s or [[parathyroid]] adenomas are sometimes referred for emergency resection when aggressive medical therapies fail to control the patient's state, however the surgical risks are significant, especially blood pressure lability and the possibility of cardiovascular collapse after resection (due to a brutal drop in respectively catecholamines and calcium, which must be compensated with gradual normalization).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Brouwers|first=FM|author2=Eisenhofer, G |author3=Lenders, JW |author4= Pacak, K |title=Emergencies caused by pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, or ganglioneuroma.|journal=Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America|date=December 2006|volume=35|issue=4|pages=699–724, viii|pmid=17127142|url=http://jcem.endojournals.org/content/98/2/581.short|doi=10.1016/j.ecl.2006.09.014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Tahim|first=AS|author2=Saunders, J |author3=Sinha, P |title=A parathyroid adenoma: benign disease presenting with hyperparathyroid crisis.|journal=Case reports in medicine|year=2010|pages=596185|pmid=21209735|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3014839/|accessdate=23 February 2013|doi=10.1155/2010/596185|pmc=3014839|volume=2010}}</ref> It remains debated when emergency surgery is appropriate as opposed to urgent or elective surgery after continued attempts to stabilize the patient, notably in view of newer and more efficient medications and protocols.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Newell|first=KA|author2=Prinz, RA |author3=Pickleman, J |author4=Braithwaite, S |author5=Brooks, M |author6=Karson, TH |author7= Glisson, S |title=Pheochromocytoma multisystem crisis. A surgical emergency.|journal=Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)|date=August 1988|volume=123|issue=8|pages=956–9|pmid=2899426|accessdate=23 February 2013|doi=10.1001/archsurg.1988.01400320042007}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Scholten|first=A.|author2=Cisco, R. M. |author3=Vriens, M. R. |author4=Cohen, J. K. |author5=Mitmaker, E. J. |author6=Liu, C. |author7=Tyrrell, J. B. |author8=Shen, W. T. |author9= Duh, Q.-Y.  |title=Pheochromocytoma Crisis Is Not a Surgical Emergency|journal=Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism|date=2 January 2013|volume=98|issue=2|pages=581–591|doi=10.1210/jc.2012-3020|pmid=23284003|accessdate=23 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Phitayakorn|first=R|author2=McHenry, CR|title=Hyperparathyroid crisis: use of bisphosphonates as a bridge to parathyroidectomy.|journal=Journal of the American College of Surgeons|date=June 2008|volume=206|issue=3|pages=1106–15|pmid=18501807|accessdate=23 February 2013|doi=10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.11.010}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 14:53, 23 November 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Endocrine diseases are disorders of the endocrine system. The branch of medicine associated with endocrine disorders is known as endocrinology.

Types of disease

Broadly speaking, endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups:[1]

  1. Endocrine gland hyposecretion (leading to hormone deficiency)
  2. Endocrine gland hypersecretion (leading to hormone excess)
  3. Tumours (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands

Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system. For example, most forms of hyperthyroidism are associated with an excess of thyroid hormone and a low level of thyroid stimulating hormone.[2]

List of diseases

Adrenal disorders

Glucose homeostasis disorders

Thyroid disorders

Calcium homeostasis disorders and Metabolic bone disease

Pituitary gland disorders

Posterior pituitary

Anterior pituitary

Sex hormone disorders

Tumours of the endocrine glands not mentioned elsewhere

See also separate organs

Endocrine emergencies

In endocrinology, medical emergencies include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, hypoglycemic coma, acute adrenocortical insufficiency, phaeochromocytoma crisis, hypercalcemic crisis, thyroid storm, myxoedema coma and pituitary apoplexy.[3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Endocrine Disorders". webmd.
  2. ↑ "Diagnosing Hyperthyroidism: Overactivity of the Thyroid Gland". endocrineweb.
  3. ↑ Savage, M W; P Mah; A Weetman; J Newell-Price (1 September 2004). "Endocrine emergencies". Postgraduate Medical Journal. 80 (947): 506–515. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2003.013474.

External links

Template:Medical conditions

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