Pertussis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{YD}}; {{ADI}}; {{SSK}}
{{Pertussis}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Despite generally high coverage with the DTP and [[DTaP]] vaccines, pertussis is one of the leading causes of [[vaccine]]-preventable deaths world-wide.  Most deaths occur in young infants who are either unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated; three doses of the vaccine are necessary for complete protection against pertussis. Ninety percent of all cases occur in the developing world. However, in the winter of 2006, a New York school district [http://www.fondafultonvilleschools.org/] suffered a large pertussis outbreak with thirteen plus students falling victim to the infection. [http://www.wnyt.com/x11137.xml?ag=x156&sb=x183] Also in the fall of 2006, a pertussis outbreak struck New Trier High School, a public school in Winnetka, Illinois, with twenty-four high school students catching the disease. In response, the Cook County Department of Public Health provided vaccine, free of charge, to eligible students.
In the United States, the incidence of pertussis is approximately 1.5 to 3.0 per 100,000 individuals, with approximately 5,000 to 7,000 cases reported annually. The incidence of pertussis is thought to be on the rise due to the decline in vaccination rate and diminished herd immunity. Infants and young children < 5 years of age are more commonly infected with pertussis than adults. There is no gender predilection for the development of pertussis. Pertussis-related deaths are rare, but are more common in developing countries, among infants < 6 months of age, and among adult patients with significant co-morbidities.
 
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Incidence===
*In the United States, the incidence of pertussis is approximately 1.5 to 3.0 per 100,000 individuals, with approximately 5,000 to 7,000 cases reported annually.
*Incidence of pertussis has increased steadily since the 1980s despite the availability of vaccination. It is thought that the decline in vaccination rate and diminished herd immunity may, at least in part, be responsible for the rise of the incidence.
 
===Mortality===
*Pertussis is responsible for approximately 20-40 million deaths worldwide.
*The majority of pertussis-related deaths occur in Africa and Southeast Asia.
*Pertussis-related death is rare, but is more common among infants < 6 months of age and among adult patients with significant co-morbidities.
 
===Age===
*Pertussis may infect individuals of all age groups.<ref name="pmid15831828">{{cite journal |author=Mattoo S, Cherry JD |title=Molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of respiratory infections due to ''Bordetella pertussis'' and other ''Bordetella'' species |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=326–82 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15831828 |pmc=1082800 |doi=10.1128/CMR.18.2.326-382.2005 |url=}}</ref>
*Infants and young children < 5 years of age are more commonly infected with pertussis than adults.<ref name="pmid15831828">{{cite journal |author=Mattoo S, Cherry JD |title=Molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of respiratory infections due to ''Bordetella pertussis'' and other ''Bordetella'' species |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=326–82 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15831828 |pmc=1082800 |doi=10.1128/CMR.18.2.326-382.2005 |url=}}</ref>
 
{| {{table}}
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Age'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Number of Cases'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Percentage (%)'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Age Incidence per 100,000 Individuals'''
|-
| < 6 months||3,330||10.1||169
|-
| 6-11 months||875||2.7||44.4
|-
| 1-6 years||6,082||18.5||25.1
|-
| 7-10 years||5,576||16.9||34
|-
| 11-19 years||11,159||33.8||29.6
|-
| 20+ years||58,839||17.7||2.2
|-
| Unknown||110||0.3||N/A
|-
| '''Total'''||'''32,971'''||'''100'''||'''10.4*'''
|}
<sup><nowiki>*</nowiki>Total age incidence per 100,000 calculated from 32,861 cases with age reported.</sup><br>
<sup>Table adapted from 2014 Final Pertussis Surveillance Report - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<ref name=CDCsurveillance>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/downloads/pertuss-surv-report-2014.pdf |title=2014 Final Pertussis Surveillance Report |date=2014 |website= www.cdc.gov |access-date= Jan 14, 2016}}</ref></sup>
 
===Gender===
* There is no gender predilection for the development of pertussis.<ref name="pmid15831828">{{cite journal |author=Mattoo S, Cherry JD |title=Molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of respiratory infections due to ''Bordetella pertussis'' and other ''Bordetella species |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=326–82 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15831828 |pmc=1082800 |doi=10.1128/CMR.18.2.326-382.2005 |url=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]


{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 23:12, 14 January 2016

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]; Serge Korjian M.D.

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Overview

In the United States, the incidence of pertussis is approximately 1.5 to 3.0 per 100,000 individuals, with approximately 5,000 to 7,000 cases reported annually. The incidence of pertussis is thought to be on the rise due to the decline in vaccination rate and diminished herd immunity. Infants and young children < 5 years of age are more commonly infected with pertussis than adults. There is no gender predilection for the development of pertussis. Pertussis-related deaths are rare, but are more common in developing countries, among infants < 6 months of age, and among adult patients with significant co-morbidities.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

  • In the United States, the incidence of pertussis is approximately 1.5 to 3.0 per 100,000 individuals, with approximately 5,000 to 7,000 cases reported annually.
  • Incidence of pertussis has increased steadily since the 1980s despite the availability of vaccination. It is thought that the decline in vaccination rate and diminished herd immunity may, at least in part, be responsible for the rise of the incidence.

Mortality

  • Pertussis is responsible for approximately 20-40 million deaths worldwide.
  • The majority of pertussis-related deaths occur in Africa and Southeast Asia.
  • Pertussis-related death is rare, but is more common among infants < 6 months of age and among adult patients with significant co-morbidities.

Age

  • Pertussis may infect individuals of all age groups.[1]
  • Infants and young children < 5 years of age are more commonly infected with pertussis than adults.[1]
Age Number of Cases Percentage (%) Age Incidence per 100,000 Individuals
< 6 months 3,330 10.1 169
6-11 months 875 2.7 44.4
1-6 years 6,082 18.5 25.1
7-10 years 5,576 16.9 34
11-19 years 11,159 33.8 29.6
20+ years 58,839 17.7 2.2
Unknown 110 0.3 N/A
Total 32,971 100 10.4*

*Total age incidence per 100,000 calculated from 32,861 cases with age reported.
Table adapted from 2014 Final Pertussis Surveillance Report - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.[2]

Gender

  • There is no gender predilection for the development of pertussis.[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Mattoo S, Cherry JD (2005). "Molecular pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of respiratory infections due to Bordetella pertussis and other Bordetella species". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18 (2): 326–82. doi:10.1128/CMR.18.2.326-382.2005. PMC 1082800. PMID 15831828. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ "2014 Final Pertussis Surveillance Report" (PDF). www.cdc.gov. 2014. Retrieved Jan 14, 2016.

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