Tick-borne encephalitis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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*From eastern France to Northern Japan, from northern Russia to Albania. | *From eastern France to Northern Japan, from northern Russia to Albania. | ||
*European countries reporting tick-borne encephilitis infections include: Siberia, Baltic states, Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania ,Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, and Ukraine. | *European countries reporting tick-borne encephilitis infections include: Siberia, Baltic states, Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania ,Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, and Ukraine. | ||
*Asian countries reporting tick-borne encephilitis infections include: China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and South Korea.<ref name= "CDC yellow"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Yellowbook. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/tickborne-encephalitis. Accessed February 3rd, 2016. </ref> | *Asian countries reporting tick-borne encephilitis infections include: China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and South Korea.<ref name="CDC yellow">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Yellowbook. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/tickborne-encephalitis. Accessed February 3rd, 2016. </ref> | ||
[[Image:636px-EurAsia TBE-belt.svg.png|400px|center|thumb|Geographical distribution of Tick-borne encephalitis.]] | [[Image:636px-EurAsia TBE-belt.svg.png|400px|center|thumb|Geographical distribution of Tick-borne encephalitis.]] | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
*5,000 to 13,000 tick-borne encephilitis infections are reported each year. | *5,000 to 13,000 tick-borne encephilitis infections are reported each year. | ||
*Overall risk for an unvaccinated individuals living within endemic regions is approximately 1 case per 10,000 people. <ref name= "CDC yellow"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Yellowbook. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/tickborne-encephalitis. Accessed February 3rd, 2016. </ref> | *Overall risk for an unvaccinated individuals living within endemic regions is approximately 1 case per 10,000 people. <ref name="CDC yellow">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Yellowbook. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/tickborne-encephalitis. Accessed February 3rd, 2016. </ref> | ||
*Russia and Europe report between 10-12,000 human cases annually.<ref> Tick-borne encephalopathies : epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. {{cite journal | author = Günther G, Haglund M | title = Tick-borne encephalopathies : epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. | journal = CNS Drugs | volume = 19 | issue = 12 | pages = 1009-32 | year = 2005 | id = PMID 16332143}} </ref> | *Russia and Europe report between 10-12,000 human cases annually.<ref>Tick-borne encephalopathies : epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. {{cite journal | author = Günther G, Haglund M | title = Tick-borne encephalopathies : epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. | journal = CNS Drugs | volume = 19 | issue = 12 | pages = 1009-32 | year = 2005 | id = PMID 16332143}} </ref> | ||
===Seasonal Distribution=== | ===Seasonal Distribution=== | ||
*Majority of cases occur between April and November. | *Majority of cases occur between April and November. | ||
*Peak activity rates have been reported during early and late summer. <ref name= "CDC yellow"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Yellowbook. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/tickborne-encephalitis. Accessed February 3rd, 2016. </ref> | *Peak activity rates have been reported during early and late summer.<ref name="CDC yellow">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Yellowbook. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/tickborne-encephalitis. Accessed February 3rd, 2016. </ref> | ||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
*Peak levels of incidence, as well as severity, are reported within individuals over the age of 50 years. <ref name= "CDC yellow"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Yellowbook. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/tickborne-encephalitis. Accessed February 3rd, 2016. </ref> | *Peak levels of incidence, as well as severity, are reported within individuals over the age of 50 years.<ref name="CDC yellow">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Yellowbook. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/tickborne-encephalitis. Accessed February 3rd, 2016. </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Infectious Disease]] |
Latest revision as of 21:36, 9 March 2016
Tick-borne encephalitis Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ilan Dock, B.S.
Overview
Tick-borne encephalitis is endemic to regions within Europe and Asia. These areas include territories spanning from France to Northern Japan; and from Russia to Albania. Incidence is approximately 5,000 to 13,000 infections per year. Vaccination is a method of preventing the virus, however the virus will still persist at 1 case per 10,000 unvaccinated individuals. The majority of infections occur between April and November with the highest rates of infection in the early and late summer periods. There is a higher incidence of infection among individuals above the age of 50.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Endemic Regions
- Located primarily in areas of Europe and Asia.
- From eastern France to Northern Japan, from northern Russia to Albania.
- European countries reporting tick-borne encephilitis infections include: Siberia, Baltic states, Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Romania ,Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, and Ukraine.
- Asian countries reporting tick-borne encephilitis infections include: China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and South Korea.[1]
Incidence
- 5,000 to 13,000 tick-borne encephilitis infections are reported each year.
- Overall risk for an unvaccinated individuals living within endemic regions is approximately 1 case per 10,000 people. [1]
- Russia and Europe report between 10-12,000 human cases annually.[2]
Seasonal Distribution
- Majority of cases occur between April and November.
- Peak activity rates have been reported during early and late summer.[1]
Age
- Peak levels of incidence, as well as severity, are reported within individuals over the age of 50 years.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Yellowbook. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/tickborne-encephalitis. Accessed February 3rd, 2016.
- ↑ Tick-borne encephalopathies : epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Günther G, Haglund M (2005). "Tick-borne encephalopathies : epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention". CNS Drugs. 19 (12): 1009–32. PMID 16332143.