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{{Bezold-Jarisch reflex}}
{{SI}}
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{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}; {{Rim}}; {{M.P}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
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==References==
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[[CME Category::Cardiology]]
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[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Reflexes]]
[[Category:Reflexes]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] ; Rim Halaby, M.D. [3] ; Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [4]
Overview Bezold-Jarisch reflex is the occurrence of bradycardia and hypotension through a pathway involving cardiac receptors,medullary centers and vagal afferent nerves.[ 1] vagal efferent discharge to the heart, elicited by stimulation of mechanoreceptors , primarily in theleft ventricle . This leads to bradycardia and dilatation of the peripheral blood vessels with resulting lowering of the blood pressure . [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] bradyarrhythmia that occur within the first 60 minutes of inferoposterior myocardial infarction .[ 5] reperfusion and coronary artery patency in the setting of thrombolysis after inferoposterior MI .
Causes Life Threatening Causes Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes Causes by Organ System
Cardiovascular
Aortic stenosis , arrhythmias , Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome ,carotid sinus hypersensitivity , chronic heart failure , coronary catheterization , coronary reperfusion , digitalis ,excessive bleeding , hypertrophic cardiomyopathy , inferior wall myocardial infarction ,myocarditis , pericarditis , prinzmetal's angina , radiofrequency catheter ablation , temporary cardiac pacing , vasovagal syncope
Chemical/Poisoning
Food poisoning , grayanotoxin-contaminated honey
Dental
No underlying causes
Dermatologic
Excessive sweating
Drug Side Effect
ACE inhibitor , acetophenazine , adriamycin , aliskiren (direct renin inhibitor) , alpha blockers , ARB , BNP , calcium channel blocker , cannabinoid , central 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole(ATZ) , clonidine ,codeine withdrawal , colchicine toxicity , deoxycorticosterone acetate , digitalis , dihydrocapsaicin ,disulfiram toxicity , dobutamine , ketanserin , L-S-nitrosocysteine, MAO inhibitors , mibefradil , nandrolone ,nitrates , sodium nitroprusside , ondansetron , phenylbiguanide , pramipexole , prazosin ,prostacyclin(PGI2) , serotonin receptor agonist , systemic cholecystokinin , tamsulosin ,thiazole derivatives , tricyclic antidepressants , zotepine
Ear Nose Throat
Wolfram's disease
Endocrine
Acute pancreatitis , addisonian crisis , Addison's disease , congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency , congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency , diabetes insipidus ,diabetes mellitus type 2 , diabetic ketoacidosis , hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma , multiple endocrine neoplasia , panhypopituitarism , pheochromocytoma , pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 , Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome ,Wolfram's disease , X-Linked congemital adrenal hyperplasia
Environmental
Dihydrocapsaicin , excessive sweating , grayanotoxin-contaminated honey , heat stroke ,malnutrition , marijuana , veratridine
Gastroenterologic
Acute pancreatitis , diarrhea , dysentery , food poisoning , hyperemesis gravidarum , vomiting
Genetic
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency , congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency , cystinosis , familial dysautonomia , Fanconi syndrome , multiple endocrine neoplasia , pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 , Riley-Day syndrome , Shy-Drager syndrome ,Wolfram's disease , X-Linked congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Hematologic
No underlying causes
Iatrogenic
Coronary catheterization , coronary reperfusion , dialysis , high spinal blockade ,interscalene brachial plexus block , pyrexia , radiofrequency catheter ablation , severe dehydration ,surgery in prone position , temporary cardiac pacing , vomiting , whole-body acute irradiation
Infectious Disease
Dysentery , endotoxins , Guillain-Barre syndrome , HIV/AIDS , pyrexia
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic
No underlying causes
Neurologic
Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome , cannabinoid , dementia with Lewy bodies , familial dysautonomia , Guillain-Barre syndrome , panhypopituitarism , paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathy ,parkinson's disease , Riley-Day syndrome , Shy-Drager syndrome , vasovagal syncope , veratridine
Nutritional/Metabolic
Anorexia nervosa , vitamin B12 deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Oncologic
Paraneoplastic autonomic neuropathy
Ophthalmologic
No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity
Cocaine overdose , colchicine toxicity , disulfiram toxicity , marijuana
Psychiatric
Anorexia nervosa
Pulmonary
No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte
Cystinosis , dialysis , Fanconi syndrome , renal failure
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy
Anaphylaxis
Sexual
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency , congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
Trauma
Excessive bleeding , interscalene brachial plexus block
Urologic
No underlying causes
Miscellaneous
Aging , excessive dieting , excessive sweating , exercise training ,prolonged upright posture , severe dehydration
Causes by Organ System developed by WikiDoc.org, Copyleft 2013
Causes in Alphabetical Order References
↑ Aviado DM, Guevara Aviado D (2001). "The Bezold-Jarisch reflex. A historical perspective of cardiopulmonary reflexes" . Ann N Y Acad Sci . 940 : 48–58. PMID 11458703 . ↑ A. von Bezold, Ludwig Hirt (1844-1907): Über die physiologischen Wirkungen des essigsauren Veratrine. Untersuchungen aus dem Physiologischen Laboratorium in Würzburg, 1867, 1: 73-122.
↑ A. Jarisch, C. Henze Über Blutdrucksenkung durch chemische Erregung depressorischer Nerven. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Archiv für experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie, 1937, 187: 706-730.
↑ A. Jarisch Vom Herzen ausgehende Kreislaufreflexe. Archiv für Kreislaufforschung 1940, 7: 260-274.
↑ Goldman, Lee; Anderson, Jeffrey L. "ST SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND COMPLICATIONS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION". Goldman: Goldman's Cecil Medicine (24th ed.). Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. p. 444. ISBN 978-1-4377-1604-7 . ↑ Mark AL (1983). "The Bezold-Jarisch reflex revisited: clinical implications of inhibitory reflexes originating in the heart" . J Am Coll Cardiol . 1 (1): 90–102. PMID 6826948 .
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CME Category::Cardiology