Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

	Acute respiratory distress syndrome Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Acute respiratory distress syndrome from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic study of choice
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
CT
Echocardiography
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Mechanical Ventilation Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes
CDC on Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes
Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes in the news
Blogs on Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 17:02, 14 July 2016

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S [2], Brian Shaller, M.D. [3]

Overview

ARDS may be caused by either direct or indirect insults to the lung. Common causes of ARDS include pneumonia, sepsis, aspiration of gastric contents, and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI).

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

ARDS is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes. Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

ARDS may occur as the result of either a direct or indirect insult to the lungs:^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Direct insult

Pneumonia (bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic)
Aspiration of of gastric contents
Inhalational injury (e.g., smoke inhalation, toxic gas inhalation)
Fat embolism
Amniotic fluid embolism
Drowning
Pulmonary contusion
Alveolar hemorrhage
Reperfusion (pleural effusion drainage, embolectomy)
Lung transplantation
Ventilator-associated lung injury

Indirect insult:

Severe sepsis
Major trauma (e.g., head trauma, polytrauma)
Multiple transfusions or transfusion-associated acute lung injury (TRALI)
Drug overdose (e.g., acetylsalicylic acid overdose, heroin overdose)
Pancreatitis
Severe burns
Shock
Cardiopulmonary bypass
Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	Mercury inhalation
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis^[6]
Drug Side Effect	Acetylsalicylic acid, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, afatinib, amiodarone, crizotinib, cytarabine, cytomegalovirus immune globulin, docetaxel, filgrastim, follitropin, gemcitabine, mitomycin, nitrofurantoin, sorafenib, tbo-filgrastim, urofollitropin
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Acute eosinophilic pneumonia, inhalation injury, near-drowning, surface burns
Gastroenterologic	Aspiration of gastric contents, pancreatitis
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Bone marrow transplantation, massive blood transfusion
Iatrogenic	Bone marrow transplantation, cardiopulmonary bypass, massive blood transfusion, oxygen toxicity
Infectious Disease	Acute eosinophilic pneumonia, ehrlichiosis, leptospirosis, malaria, miliary tuberculosis, pneumonia (bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic), sepsis, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Fat embolism, polytrauma
Neurologic	Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Amniotic fluid embolism
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	Acetylsalicylic acid, heroin, naloxone
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Acute eosinophilic pneumonia, aspiration of gastric contents, Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), decompression sickness, fat embolism, lung transplantation, pneumonia
Renal/Electrolyte	Uremia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Anaphylaxis, bone marrow transplantation, leukoagglutin reactions
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Pulmonary contusion, polytrauma, severe trauma, traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ Pepe PE, Potkin RT, Reus DH, Hudson LD, Carrico CJ (1982). "Clinical predictors of the adult respiratory distress syndrome". Am J Surg. 144 (1): 124–30. PMID 7091520.
↑ The ARDS Definition Task Force*. “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Berlin Definition.” JAMA 307, no. 23 (June 20, 2012): 2526–33. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.5669.
↑ Wheeler, Arthur P., and Gordon R. Bernard. “Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Clinical Review.” Lancet (London, England) 369, no. 9572 (May 5, 2007): 1553–64. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60604-7.
↑ Sweeney, Rob Mac, and Daniel F. McAuley. “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.” Lancet (London, England), April 28, 2016. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00578-X.
↑ Fowler, A. A., R. F. Hamman, J. T. Good, K. N. Benson, M. Baird, D. J. Eberle, T. L. Petty, and T. M. Hyers. “Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Risk with Common Predispositions.” Annals of Internal Medicine 98, no. 5 Pt 1 (May 1983): 593–97.
↑ de Prost N, Mekontso-Dessap A, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Van Nhieu JT, Duong TA, Chosidow O; et al. (2014). "Acute respiratory failure in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis: clinical features and factors associated with mechanical ventilation". Crit Care Med. 42 (1): 118–28. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31829eb94f. PMID 23989174.

[pmid7091520-1] Pepe PE, Potkin RT, Reus DH, Hudson LD, Carrico CJ (1982). "Clinical predictors of the adult respiratory distress syndrome". Am J Surg. 144 (1): 124–30. PMID 7091520.

[2] The ARDS Definition Task Force*. “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Berlin Definition.” JAMA 307, no. 23 (June 20, 2012): 2526–33. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.5669.

[3] Wheeler, Arthur P., and Gordon R. Bernard. “Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Clinical Review.” Lancet (London, England) 369, no. 9572 (May 5, 2007): 1553–64. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60604-7.

[4] Sweeney, Rob Mac, and Daniel F. McAuley. “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.” Lancet (London, England), April 28, 2016. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00578-X.

[5] Fowler, A. A., R. F. Hamman, J. T. Good, K. N. Benson, M. Baird, D. J. Eberle, T. L. Petty, and T. M. Hyers. “Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Risk with Common Predispositions.” Annals of Internal Medicine 98, no. 5 Pt 1 (May 1983): 593–97.

[pmid23989174-6] Prost N, Mekontso-Dessap A, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Van Nhieu JT, Duong TA, Chosidow O; et al. (2014). "Acute respiratory failure in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis: clinical features and factors associated with mechanical ventilation". Crit Care Med. 42 (1): 118–28. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31829eb94f. PMID 23989174.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Acute respiratory distress syndrome}}
-{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AO}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AO}}, {{BShaller}}
 ==Overview==
-Acute respiratory distress syndrome may result from a wide variety of direct and indirect insults to the lung, but only a few common causes have been identified.  These include: [[sepsis]], [[Chemical pneumonitis|aspiration of gastric contents]], [[pneumonia]], [[Physical trauma|severe trauma]], e.t.c.
+ARDS may be caused by either direct or indirect insults to the lung. Common causes of ARDS include [[pneumonia]], [[sepsis]], [[aspiration pneumonia|aspiration of gastric contents]], and [[transfusion-related acute lung injury|transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)]].
 ==Causes==
 ===Life Threatening Causes===
-Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.  This is a life-threatening condition with majority of patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
+ARDS is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes. Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
 ===Common Causes===
-* [[Chemical pneumonitis|Aspiration of gastric contents]]
+ARDS may occur as the result of either a direct or indirect insult to the lungs:<ref name="pmid7091520">{{cite journal| author=Pepe PE, Potkin RT, Reus DH, Hudson LD, Carrico CJ| title=Clinical predictors of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. | journal=Am J Surg | year= 1982 | volume= 144 | issue= 1 | pages= 124-30 | pmid=7091520 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7091520  }} </ref><ref>The ARDS Definition Task Force*. “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Berlin Definition.” JAMA 307, no. 23 (June 20, 2012): 2526–33. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.5669.</ref><ref>Wheeler, Arthur P., and Gordon R. Bernard. “Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Clinical Review.” Lancet (London, England) 369, no. 9572 (May 5, 2007): 1553–64. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60604-7.</ref><ref>Sweeney, Rob Mac, and Daniel F. McAuley. “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.” Lancet (London, England), April 28, 2016. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00578-X.</ref><ref>Fowler, A. A., R. F. Hamman, J. T. Good, K. N. Benson, M. Baird, D. J. Eberle, T. L. Petty, and T. M. Hyers. “Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Risk with Common Predispositions.” Annals of Internal Medicine 98, no. 5 Pt 1 (May 1983): 593–97.</ref>
-* [[Overdose|Drug overdoses]] e.g., [[Acetylsalicylic acid]], [[narcotic]]s
-* [[Fat embolism syndrome|Fat embolism]]
+* '''Direct insult'''
-* [[Massive blood transfusion]]
+:* [[Pneumonia]] (bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic)
-* [[Drowning|Near-drowning]] (fresh or salt water)
+:* [[Aspiration pneumonia|Aspiration of of gastric contents]]
-* [[Pancreatitis]]
+:* [[Acute inhalation injury|Inhalational injury]] (e.g., [[smoke inhalation]], toxic gas inhalation)
-* [[Pneumonia]]
+:* [[Fat embolism]]
-* [[Sepsis]] (gram-positive/gram-negative bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites)
+:* [[Amniotic fluid embolism]]
-* [[Physical trauma|Severe trauma]]
+:* [[Drowning|Drowning]]
+:* [[Pulmonary contusion]]
+:* [[Pulmonary hemorrhage|Alveolar hemorrhage]]
+:* [[Reperfusion]] ([[Thoracentesis|pleural effusion drainage]], [[embolectomy]])
+:* [[Lung transplantation]]
+:* [[Ventilator-associated lung injury]]
+* '''Indirect insult''':
+:* Severe [[sepsis]]
+:* Major [[trauma]] (e.g., [[head trauma]], [[polytrauma]])
+:* Multiple [[transfusion]]s or [[TRALI|transfusion-associated acute lung injury (TRALI)]]
+:* [[Drug overdose]] (e.g., [[acetylsalicylic acid]] overdose, [[heroin]] overdose)
+:* [[Pancreatitis]]
+:* Severe [[burns]]
+:* [[Shock]]
+:* [[Cardiopulmonary bypass]]
+:* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]
 ===Causes by Organ System===
@@ Line 27: / Line 42: @@
 |-
 |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mercury poisoning|Mercury inhalation]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 35: / Line 50: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Dermatologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]], [[toxic epidermal necrolysis]]<ref name="pmid23989174">{{cite journal| author=de Prost N, Mekontso-Dessap A, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Van Nhieu JT, Duong TA, Chosidow O et al.| title=Acute respiratory failure in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis: clinical features and factors associated with mechanical ventilation. | journal=Crit Care Med | year= 2014 | volume= 42 | issue= 1 | pages= 118-28 | pmid=23989174 | doi=10.1097/CCM.0b013e31829eb94f | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23989174  }} </ref>
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Drug Side Effect'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Ado-trastuzumab emtansine]], [[Afatinib]], [[Crizotinib]], [[Cytarabine]], [[Filgastrim]], [[Gemcitabine]], [[Mitomycin]], [[Sorafenib]], [[Tbo-filgrastim]], [[Urofollitropin]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Acetylsalicylic acid]], [[ado-trastuzumab emtansine]], [[afatinib]], [[amiodarone]], [[crizotinib]], [[cytarabine]], [[cytomegalovirus immune globulin]], [[docetaxel]], [[filgrastim]], [[Gonadotropin preparations|follitropin]], [[gemcitabine]], [[mitomycin]], [[nitrofurantoin]], [[sorafenib]], [[tbo-filgrastim]], [[urofollitropin]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 51: / Line 66: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Environmental'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Eosinophilic pneumonia|Acute eosinophilic pneumonia]], [[Smoke inhalation|inhalation injury]], [[near-drowning]], [[Burn|surface burns]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Eosinophilic pneumonia|Acute eosinophilic pneumonia]], [[Acute inhalation injury|inhalation injury]], [[drowning|near-drowning]], [[Burn|surface burns]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Gastroenterologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pancreatitis]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aspiration pneumonia|Aspiration of gastric contents]], [[pancreatitis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 63: / Line 78: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Hematologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Fat embolism]], [[massive blood transfusion]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bone marrow transplantation]], [[transfusion-related acute lung injury|massive blood transfusion]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Iatrogenic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bone marrow transplantation]], [[cardiopulmonary bypass]], [[massive blood transfusion]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bone marrow transplantation]], [[cardiopulmonary bypass]], [[transfusion-related acute lung injury|massive blood transfusion]], [[oxygen toxicity]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Infectious Disease'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Eosinophilic pneumonia|Acute eosinophilic pneumonia]], [[ehrlichiosis ]], [[leptospirosis]], [[malaria]], [[miliary tuberculosis]], [[pneumonia]], [[sepsis]], [[severe acute respiratory syndrome]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Eosinophilic pneumonia|Acute eosinophilic pneumonia]], [[ehrlichiosis]], [[leptospirosis]], [[malaria]], [[miliary tuberculosis]], [[pneumonia|pneumonia (bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic)]], [[sepsis]], [[severe acute respiratory syndrome|severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Fat embolism]], [[polytrauma]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Neurologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Decompression sickness]], [[fat embolism]], [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]], [[Air embolism|venous air embolism]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Traumatic brain injury|Traumatic brain injury (TBI)]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 99: / Line 114: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
 |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetylsalicylic acid]], [[heroin]], [[naloxone]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 107: / Line 122: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Pulmonary'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Eosinophilic pneumonia|Acute eosinophilic pneumonia]], [[Chemical pneumonitis|Aspiration of gastric contents]], [[cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis]], [[decompression sickness]], [[fat embolism]], [[pneumonia]], [[Air embolism|venous air embolism]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|  [[Eosinophilic pneumonia|Acute eosinophilic pneumonia]], [[Chemical pneumonitis|aspiration of gastric contents]], [[cryptogenic organizing pneumonia|Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP)]], [[decompression sickness]], [[fat embolism]], [[lung transplantation]], [[pneumonia]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 123: / Line 138: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Trauma'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pulmonary contusion]], [[Physical trauma|severe trauma]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Pulmonary contusion]], [[polytrauma]], [[Physical trauma|severe trauma]], [[Traumatic brain injury|traumatic brain injury (TBI)]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 138: / Line 153: @@
 {{col-begin|width=80%}}
 {{col-break|width=33%}}
+*[[Acetylsalicylic acid]]
 *[[Ado-trastuzumab emtansine]]
 *[[Eosinophilic pneumonia|Acute eosinophilic pneumonia]]
+*[[Afatinib]]
+*[[Amiodarone]]
 *[[Amniotic fluid embolism]]
 *[[Anaphylaxis]]
@@ Line 145: / Line 163: @@
 *[[Bone marrow transplantation]]
 *[[Cardiopulmonary bypass]]
-*[[Cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis]]
+*[[Crizotinib]]
+*[[Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia|Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP)]]
 *[[Cytarabine]]
-*[[Decompression sickness]]
+*[[Cytomegalovirus immune globulin]]
-*[[Ehrlichiosis ]]
+*[[Docetaxel]]
+*[[Ehrlichiosis]]
 *[[Fat embolism]]
 *[[Filgastrim]]
-*[[Guillain-Barré syndrome]]
+*[[Gonadotropin preparations|Follitropin]]
+*[[Gemcitabine]]
 *[[Heroin|Heroin overdose]]
 *[[Smoke inhalation|Inhalation injury]]
@@ Line 160: / Line 181: @@
 *[[Miliary tuberculosis]]
 *[[Mitomycin]]
-*[[Massive blood transfusion]]
+*[[Transfusion-related acute lung injury|Massive blood transfusion]]
 *[[Naloxone|Naloxone overdose]]
-*[[Near-drowning]]
+*[[Drowning|Near-drowning]]
+*[[Nitrofurantoin]]
+*[[Oxygen toxicity]]
 *[[Pancreatitis]]
 *[[Pneumonia]]
+*[[Polytrauma]]
 *[[Pulmonary contusion]]
 *[[Sepsis]]
-*[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome]]
+*[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)]]
 *[[Sorafenib]]
 *[[Physical trauma|Severe trauma]]
+*[[Stevens-Johnson syndrome]]
 *[[Burn|Surface burns]]
+*[[Tbo-filgrastim]]
+*[[Toxic epidermal necrolysis]]
+*[[Traumatic brain injury|Traumatic brain injury (TBI)]]
 *[[Uremia]]
-*[[Air embolism|Venous air embolism]]
+*[[Urofollitropin]]
 {{col-end}}
 ==References==
+{{reflist|2}}
-{{Reflist|2}}
-[[Category:Needs content]]
-[[Category:Disease]]
-[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
 [[Category:Pulmonology]]
-[[Category:Syndromes]]
-[[Category:Overview complete]]