Hepatotoxicity overview: Difference between revisions
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Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Hepatotoxicity}} {{CMG}} ==Overview== '''Hepatotoxicity''' (from ''hepatic toxicity'') implies chemical-driven liver damage. The liver plays a central role i..." |
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Hepatotoxicity}} | {{Hepatotoxicity}} | ||
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Hepatotoxicity implies chemical-driven [[liver]] damage. The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents. Certain medicinal agents when taken in overdoses and sometime even when introduced within therapeutic ranges may injure the organ. Other chemical agents such as those used in laboratories and industries, natural chemicals (e.g. [[microcystin]]s) and herbal remedies can also induce hepatotoxicity. Chemicals that cause liver injury are called [[hepatotoxin]]s. | |||
==Historical Perspective== | |||
==Classification== | |||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
==Causes== | |||
More than 900 drugs have been implicated in causing liver injury<ref name="isbn0-8385-1551-7">{{cite book |author=Friedman, Scott E.; Grendell, James H.; McQuaid, Kenneth R. |title=Current diagnosis & treatment in gastroenterology |publisher=Lang Medical Books/McGraw-Hill |location=New York |year=2003 |pages=p664-679 |isbn=0-8385-1551-7 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> and it is the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market. Chemicals often cause [[subclinical]] injury to liver which manifests only as abnormal [[Liver function tests|liver enzyme tests]]. Drug induced liver injury is responsible for 5% of all hospital admissions and 50% of all [[acute liver failure]]s.<ref name="isbn1-56053-618-7">{{cite book |author=McNally, Peter F. |title=GI/Liver Secrets: with STUDENT CONSULT Access |publisher=C.V. Mosby |location=Saint Louis |year= |pages= |isbn=1-56053-618-7 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Ostapowicz G, Fontana RJ, Schiødt FV, ''et al'' |title=Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=137 |issue=12 |pages=947–54 |year=2002 |pmid=12484709 |doi=}}</ref> | More than 900 drugs have been implicated in causing liver injury<ref name="isbn0-8385-1551-7">{{cite book |author=Friedman, Scott E.; Grendell, James H.; McQuaid, Kenneth R. |title=Current diagnosis & treatment in gastroenterology |publisher=Lang Medical Books/McGraw-Hill |location=New York |year=2003 |pages=p664-679 |isbn=0-8385-1551-7 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> and it is the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market. Chemicals often cause [[subclinical]] injury to liver which manifests only as abnormal [[Liver function tests|liver enzyme tests]]. Drug induced liver injury is responsible for 5% of all hospital admissions and 50% of all [[acute liver failure]]s.<ref name="isbn1-56053-618-7">{{cite book |author=McNally, Peter F. |title=GI/Liver Secrets: with STUDENT CONSULT Access |publisher=C.V. Mosby |location=Saint Louis |year= |pages= |isbn=1-56053-618-7 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Ostapowicz G, Fontana RJ, Schiødt FV, ''et al'' |title=Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=137 |issue=12 |pages=947–54 |year=2002 |pmid=12484709 |doi=}}</ref> | ||
==Differentiating Hepatotoxicity from other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Screening== | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | |||
===Natural History=== | |||
===Complications=== | |||
===Prognosis=== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===Diagnostic Criteria=== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
===Physical Examination=== | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
===Imaging Findings=== | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
===Surgery=== | |||
===Prevention=== | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Hepatology]] | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
{{WS}} | |||
{{WH}} | |||
Latest revision as of 19:41, 15 July 2016
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Overview
Hepatotoxicity implies chemical-driven liver damage. The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing chemicals and is susceptible to the toxicity from these agents. Certain medicinal agents when taken in overdoses and sometime even when introduced within therapeutic ranges may injure the organ. Other chemical agents such as those used in laboratories and industries, natural chemicals (e.g. microcystins) and herbal remedies can also induce hepatotoxicity. Chemicals that cause liver injury are called hepatotoxins.
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
More than 900 drugs have been implicated in causing liver injury[1] and it is the most common reason for a drug to be withdrawn from the market. Chemicals often cause subclinical injury to liver which manifests only as abnormal liver enzyme tests. Drug induced liver injury is responsible for 5% of all hospital admissions and 50% of all acute liver failures.[2][3]
Differentiating Hepatotoxicity from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
Complications
Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Prevention
References
- ↑ Friedman, Scott E.; Grendell, James H.; McQuaid, Kenneth R. (2003). Current diagnosis & treatment in gastroenterology. New York: Lang Medical Books/McGraw-Hill. pp. p664–679. ISBN 0-8385-1551-7.
- ↑ McNally, Peter F. GI/Liver Secrets: with STUDENT CONSULT Access. Saint Louis: C.V. Mosby. ISBN 1-56053-618-7.
- ↑ Ostapowicz G, Fontana RJ, Schiødt FV; et al. (2002). "Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States". Ann. Intern. Med. 137 (12): 947–54. PMID 12484709.