Arteriosclerosis: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | |||
'''Arteriosclerosis''' refers to a hardening of medium and large arteries. The most common form of arteriosclerosis is [[atherosclerosis]]. | '''Arteriosclerosis''' refers to a hardening of medium and large arteries. The most common form of arteriosclerosis is [[atherosclerosis]]. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
===Etymology=== | |||
The following terms are similar, yet distinct, in both spelling and meaning, and can be easily confused: arteriosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and atherosclerosis. '''Arteriosclerosis''' is a general term describing any hardening (and loss of elasticity) of medium or large arteries (from the Greek '''Arterio''', meaning ''artery'', and '''sclerosis''', meaning ''hardening''), '''arteriolosclerosis''' is any hardening (and loss of elasticity) of [[arteriole]]s (small arteries), '''atherosclerosis''' is a hardening of an artery specifically due to an atheromatous plaque. Therefore, atherosclerosis is a form of arteriosclerosis. | The following terms are similar, yet distinct, in both spelling and meaning, and can be easily confused: arteriosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and atherosclerosis. '''Arteriosclerosis''' is a general term describing any hardening (and loss of elasticity) of medium or large arteries (from the Greek '''Arterio''', meaning ''artery'', and '''sclerosis''', meaning ''hardening''), '''arteriolosclerosis''' is any hardening (and loss of elasticity) of [[arteriole]]s (small arteries), '''atherosclerosis''' is a hardening of an artery specifically due to an atheromatous plaque. Therefore, atherosclerosis is a form of arteriosclerosis. | ||
==Types== | ==Classification== | ||
===Types=== | |||
* [[Atherosclerosis]] is the most common form of arteriosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, thickening of the intima with plaques that can contain lipid-laden macrophages ("[[foam cells]]"). The plaques contain free lipid (cholesterol, etc.) and are prone to calcification and ulceration. | * [[Atherosclerosis]] is the most common form of arteriosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, thickening of the intima with plaques that can contain lipid-laden macrophages ("[[foam cells]]"). The plaques contain free lipid (cholesterol, etc.) and are prone to calcification and ulceration. | ||
* '''Arteriosclerosis obliterans''' is typically seen in medium and large arteries of the lower extremity. Characterized by fibrosis of the intima and calcification of the media. The lumen of the vessel may be obliterated or markedly narrowed. | * '''Arteriosclerosis obliterans''' is typically seen in medium and large arteries of the lower extremity. Characterized by fibrosis of the intima and calcification of the media. The lumen of the vessel may be obliterated or markedly narrowed. | ||
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* '''Hyaline arteriolosclerosis''' refers to thickening of the walls of arterioles by the deposition of [[hyaline]] material. Often seen in kidney pathology. | * '''Hyaline arteriolosclerosis''' refers to thickening of the walls of arterioles by the deposition of [[hyaline]] material. Often seen in kidney pathology. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
{{ | ==Causes== | ||
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==Differentiating {{PAGENAME}} from Other Diseases== | |||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
==Risk Factors== | |||
==Screening== | |||
==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
===Diagnostic Criteria=== | |||
===History and Symptoms=== | |||
===Physical Examination=== | |||
===Laboratory Findings=== | |||
===Imaging Findings=== | |||
===Other Diagnostic Studies=== | |||
==Treatment== | |||
===Medical Therapy=== | |||
===Surgery=== | |||
===Prevention=== | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
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Latest revision as of 17:06, 2 August 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; {AE}}
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Overview
Arteriosclerosis refers to a hardening of medium and large arteries. The most common form of arteriosclerosis is atherosclerosis.
Historical Perspective
Etymology
The following terms are similar, yet distinct, in both spelling and meaning, and can be easily confused: arteriosclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, and atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis is a general term describing any hardening (and loss of elasticity) of medium or large arteries (from the Greek Arterio, meaning artery, and sclerosis, meaning hardening), arteriolosclerosis is any hardening (and loss of elasticity) of arterioles (small arteries), atherosclerosis is a hardening of an artery specifically due to an atheromatous plaque. Therefore, atherosclerosis is a form of arteriosclerosis.
Classification
Types
- Atherosclerosis is the most common form of arteriosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, thickening of the intima with plaques that can contain lipid-laden macrophages ("foam cells"). The plaques contain free lipid (cholesterol, etc.) and are prone to calcification and ulceration.
- Arteriosclerosis obliterans is typically seen in medium and large arteries of the lower extremity. Characterized by fibrosis of the intima and calcification of the media. The lumen of the vessel may be obliterated or markedly narrowed.
- Medial calcific sclerosis (Monckeberg’s calcific sclerosis) is seen mostly in the elderly, commonly in arteries of the thyroid and uterus. Characterized by calcification of the internal elastic lamina but without thickening of the intima or narrowing of the vessel lumen.
- Hyaline arteriolosclerosis refers to thickening of the walls of arterioles by the deposition of hyaline material. Often seen in kidney pathology.