Aortic stenosis surgery preoperative evaluation: Difference between revisions
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{{Aortic stenosis surgery}} | {{Aortic stenosis surgery}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@wikidoc.org] | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:Mohammed Sbeih|Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D.]] [mailto:msbeih@wikidoc.org]; {{USAMA}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
The preoperative assessment of patients undergoing surgery for aortic stenosis may include complete physical examination, [[echocardiogram]] (Doppler echocardiogram), [[cardiac catheterization]], chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, [[electrocardiogram]] (ECG), [[electrophysiology]] tests | |||
, exercise tests, [[holter monitor]], and [[magnetic resonance imaging]].<ref name="pmid27760527">{{cite journal| author=Pieri M, Belletti A, Monaco F, Pisano A, Musu M, Dalessandro V et al.| title=Outcome of cardiac surgery in patients with low preoperative ejection fraction. | journal=BMC Anesthesiol | year= 2016 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 97 | pmid=27760527 | doi=10.1186/s12871-016-0271-5 | pmc=5069974 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27760527 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18820172">{{cite journal| author=Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC, Faxon DP, Freed MD et al.| title=2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. | journal=Circulation | year= 2008 | volume= 118 | issue= 15 | pages= e523-661 | pmid=18820172 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190748 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18820172 }} </ref> | |||
==Preoperative Evaluation== | ==Preoperative Evaluation== | ||
The patient may need to have some tests before the procedure. The Cardiologist usually conducts a physical examination and diagnose the condition, he or she will assess the general health of the patient and will recommend the most appropriate treatment for the patient and if he or she needs surgery. Some of the | The patient may need to have some tests before the procedure. The Cardiologist usually conducts a physical examination and diagnose the condition, he or she will assess the general health of the patient and will recommend the most appropriate treatment for the patient and if he or she needs surgery. Some of the tests that can be done before the procedure include:<ref name="pmid27760527">{{cite journal| author=Pieri M, Belletti A, Monaco F, Pisano A, Musu M, Dalessandro V et al.| title=Outcome of cardiac surgery in patients with low preoperative ejection fraction. | journal=BMC Anesthesiol | year= 2016 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 97 | pmid=27760527 | doi=10.1186/s12871-016-0271-5 | pmc=5069974 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27760527 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18820172">{{cite journal| author=Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC, Faxon DP, Freed MD et al.| title=2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. | journal=Circulation | year= 2008 | volume= 118 | issue= 15 | pages= e523-661 | pmid=18820172 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190748 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18820172 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Echocardiogram]] (Doppler echocardiogram) | |||
*[[Echocardiogram]] (Doppler echocardiogram) | *[[Cardiac catheterization]] | ||
*[[Cardiac catheterization]] | *Chest X-ray | ||
*Chest X-ray | *Computed tomography (CT) scan | ||
*Computed tomography (CT) scan | *[[Electrocardiogram]] (ECG) | ||
*[[Electrocardiogram]] (ECG) | *[[Electrophysiology]] tests | ||
*[[Electrophysiology]] tests | *Exercise tests | ||
*Exercise tests | *[[Holter monitor]] | ||
*[[Holter monitor]] | *[[Magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) | ||
*[[Magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) | |||
Around 40% of patients with aortic stenosis that require surgery also have [[coronary artery disease]] <ref name="pmid10716479">{{cite journal| author=Kvidal P, Bergström R, Hörte LG, Ståhle E| title=Observed and relative survival after aortic valve replacement. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2000 | volume= 35 | issue= 3 | pages= 747-56 | pmid=10716479 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10716479 }} </ref> | Around 40% of patients with aortic stenosis that require surgery also have [[coronary artery disease]].<ref name="pmid10716479">{{cite journal| author=Kvidal P, Bergström R, Hörte LG, Ståhle E| title=Observed and relative survival after aortic valve replacement. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2000 | volume= 35 | issue= 3 | pages= 747-56 | pmid=10716479 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10716479 }} </ref> Usually coronary artery disease is treated at the same operation if CABG ([[Coronary artery bypass grafting]]) is indicated. | ||
Studies showed that | Studies showed that concurrent bypass surgery adds little morbidity to the valvular procedure and does not increase the mortality. The 2006 [[ACC]]/[[AHA]] guidelines on the treatment of valvular heart disease included recommendations for coronary [[angiography]] prior to valve surgery in those who are suspected to have [[coronary artery disease]] and in those at risk for coronary disease.<ref name="pmid18820172">{{cite journal| author=Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC, Faxon DP, Freed MD et al.| title=2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. | journal=Circulation | year= 2008 | volume= 118 | issue= 15 | pages= e523-661 | pmid=18820172 | doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190748 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18820172 }} </ref> A noninvasive angiography using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging may be an alternative. | ||
====Before the Surgery==== | |||
*The surgeon needs to know if the patient is taking any drugs, supplements, or herbs before the procedure. | *The surgeon needs to know if the patient is taking any drugs, supplements, or herbs before the procedure. | ||
*The patient may be able to store blood in the blood bank for transfusions during and after the surgery. The family members can also donate blood (autologous donation). | *The patient may be able to store blood in the blood bank for transfusions during and after the surgery. The family members can also donate blood (autologous donation). | ||
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*The patient should stop smoking. | *The patient should stop smoking. | ||
====On the Day of the Surgery==== | |||
*An intravenous (IV) line will be placed into a blood vessel in the patient's arm or chest to give fluids and medicines. | *An intravenous (IV) line will be placed into a blood vessel in the patient's arm or chest to give fluids and medicines. | ||
*The patient should be asked not to drink or eat anything after midnight the night before surgery. This includes chewing gum and using breath mints. The patient can rinse mouth with water if it feels dry without swallowing. | *The patient should be asked not to drink or eat anything after midnight the night before surgery. This includes chewing gum and using breath mints. The patient can rinse mouth with water if it feels dry without swallowing. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[CME Category::Cardiology]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
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[[Category:Cardiac surgery]] | [[Category:Cardiac surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Surgery]] | [[Category:Surgery]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:58, 5 January 2017
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Aortic stenosis surgery | |
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Aortic stenosis surgery preoperative evaluation On the Web | |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Aortic stenosis surgery preoperative evaluation | |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Aortic stenosis surgery preoperative evaluation | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mohammed A. Sbeih, M.D. [2]; Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]
Overview
The preoperative assessment of patients undergoing surgery for aortic stenosis may include complete physical examination, echocardiogram (Doppler echocardiogram), cardiac catheterization, chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, electrocardiogram (ECG), electrophysiology tests , exercise tests, holter monitor, and magnetic resonance imaging.[1][2]
Preoperative Evaluation
The patient may need to have some tests before the procedure. The Cardiologist usually conducts a physical examination and diagnose the condition, he or she will assess the general health of the patient and will recommend the most appropriate treatment for the patient and if he or she needs surgery. Some of the tests that can be done before the procedure include:[1][2]
- Echocardiogram (Doppler echocardiogram)
- Cardiac catheterization
- Chest X-ray
- Computed tomography (CT) scan
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Electrophysiology tests
- Exercise tests
- Holter monitor
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Around 40% of patients with aortic stenosis that require surgery also have coronary artery disease.[3] Usually coronary artery disease is treated at the same operation if CABG (Coronary artery bypass grafting) is indicated.
Studies showed that concurrent bypass surgery adds little morbidity to the valvular procedure and does not increase the mortality. The 2006 ACC/AHA guidelines on the treatment of valvular heart disease included recommendations for coronary angiography prior to valve surgery in those who are suspected to have coronary artery disease and in those at risk for coronary disease.[2] A noninvasive angiography using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging may be an alternative.
Before the Surgery
- The surgeon needs to know if the patient is taking any drugs, supplements, or herbs before the procedure.
- The patient may be able to store blood in the blood bank for transfusions during and after the surgery. The family members can also donate blood (autologous donation).
- For the 2-week period before surgery, the patient should be asked to stop taking drugs that make it harder for the blood to clot. These might cause increased bleeding during the surgery. Some of these drugs are aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn).
- The day before the surgery, the patient should shower and shampoo well and wash the whole body below the neck with a special soap.
- The patient may also be asked to take an antibiotic to guard against infection.
- The patient should be informed which drugs he or she should still take on the day of the surgery.
- The patient should stop smoking.
On the Day of the Surgery
- An intravenous (IV) line will be placed into a blood vessel in the patient's arm or chest to give fluids and medicines.
- The patient should be asked not to drink or eat anything after midnight the night before surgery. This includes chewing gum and using breath mints. The patient can rinse mouth with water if it feels dry without swallowing.
- Make sure that the patient is taking the drugs that he or she needs to take with a small sip of water.
- Hair near the incision site may be shaved immediately before the surgery.
- The patient should be informed when to arrive to hospital on the day of the surgery.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pieri M, Belletti A, Monaco F, Pisano A, Musu M, Dalessandro V; et al. (2016). "Outcome of cardiac surgery in patients with low preoperative ejection fraction". BMC Anesthesiol. 16 (1): 97. doi:10.1186/s12871-016-0271-5. PMC 5069974. PMID 27760527.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC, Faxon DP, Freed MD; et al. (2008). "2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons". Circulation. 118 (15): e523–661. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190748. PMID 18820172.
- ↑ Kvidal P, Bergström R, Hörte LG, Ståhle E (2000). "Observed and relative survival after aortic valve replacement". J Am Coll Cardiol. 35 (3): 747–56. PMID 10716479.