Sandbox:Filariasis pathogenesis: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Type of filariasis
!Factor
!Causative nematode
!Role in pathogenesis
!Life cycle
!Illustrative image
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" |Lymphatic filariasis
|Immune response of the host
|[[Wuchereria bancrofti]] 
|
|1
|- [[Image:W bancrofti LifeCycle.gif|200 px|center]]
|[[Brugia timori]]
|
|
|-
|[[Brugia malayi]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |Subcutaneous filariasis
|[[Loa loa filaria]]
|
|
|
* In several studies, it has been noticed that there is a strong correlation between the host immune response and lymphoedema development. The immune response is higher in the lymphedema patients more than the patients with microfilariae just cirulating in the blood.
* Hence, it is believed the  role of the immune response in development of the lymphedema as it leads to inflammation and obstruction of the lymphatic vessels.
* Infection by filariasis induces cell mediated immunity in response to the filarial antigens. This will lead to production of cytokines and interleukns. 
* High levels of immunoglobulins (IgG1,2,3) has been detected in patients with lymphedema which increases the evidence of the role of the immune response in pathogenesis of the disease.
|-
|-
|[[Mansonella streptocerca]]
|Secondary bacterial infections
|
|
|
* Adenolymphangitis is a result of the inflammation induced by the filarial infection and the immune response. It is believed that it worsens the disease and leads to morbidity.
* It affects the lower limbs resulting in cord like lesion of the lymphatic vessels and worsening of the filariasis.
|-
|-
|[[Onchocerca volvulus]]
|Worm antigens accumulation
|
|
|
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" |Serous cavity filariasis
|Wolbachia bacteria
|[[Mansonella ozzardi]]
|
|
|-
|[[Mansonella perstans]]
|
|
|
|}
|}
Life cycles of the roundworms causing filariasis:

Latest revision as of 20:56, 27 June 2017

Factor Role in pathogenesis
Immune response of the host
  • In several studies, it has been noticed that there is a strong correlation between the host immune response and lymphoedema development. The immune response is higher in the lymphedema patients more than the patients with microfilariae just cirulating in the blood.
  • Hence, it is believed the role of the immune response in development of the lymphedema as it leads to inflammation and obstruction of the lymphatic vessels.
  • Infection by filariasis induces cell mediated immunity in response to the filarial antigens. This will lead to production of cytokines and interleukns.
  • High levels of immunoglobulins (IgG1,2,3) has been detected in patients with lymphedema which increases the evidence of the role of the immune response in pathogenesis of the disease.
Secondary bacterial infections
  • Adenolymphangitis is a result of the inflammation induced by the filarial infection and the immune response. It is believed that it worsens the disease and leads to morbidity.
  • It affects the lower limbs resulting in cord like lesion of the lymphatic vessels and worsening of the filariasis.
Worm antigens accumulation
Wolbachia bacteria
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