Acromegaly causes: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AEL}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AEL}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common causes of acromegaly include [[pituitary adenoma]] and [[acidophil]] [[stem cell]] adenomas. Less common causes of acromegaly include [[GHRH]] secreting tumors as [[hypothalamic]] [[tumors]], [[small cell lung cancer]], [[adrenal adenoma]], and [[pheochromocytoma]]. Other causes include [[GH]] secreting tumors as [[lymphoma]] and [[pancreatic islet cell tumor]]. | Common causes of acromegaly include [[pituitary adenoma]] and [[acidophil]] [[stem cell]] adenomas. Less common causes of acromegaly include [[GHRH]] secreting tumors as [[hypothalamic]] [[tumors]], [[small cell lung cancer]], [[adrenal adenoma]], and [[pheochromocytoma]]. Other causes include [[GH]] secreting tumors as [[lymphoma]] and [[Pancreatic islet cell tumors|pancreatic islet cell tumor]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
Acromegaly may be caused by: | Acromegaly may be caused by: | ||
*Pituitary adenoma:<ref name="pmid6354702" /> | *[[Pituitary adenoma]]:<ref name="pmid6354702" /> | ||
** | **It is the most common cause of acromegaly. | ||
** | **A secretory [[pituitary adenoma]] is responsible for acromegaly by excess secretion of the growth hormone and the [[IGF-1|insulin like growth factor-1]] (IGF-1). | ||
*Other types of [[Pituitary adenoma|pituitary adenomas]] causing acromegaly: | |||
*Other types of pituitary | **Mixed [[growth hormone]] and [[Prolactinoma|prolactin cell adenomas]] | ||
**Mixed growth hormone and prolactin cell adenomas | **[[Acidophil]] [[stem cell]] [[adenomas]] | ||
**Acidophil stem cell adenomas | |||
**Mammosomatotroph cell adenomas | **Mammosomatotroph cell adenomas | ||
**Pleurihormonal adenomas | **Pleurihormonal adenomas | ||
===Less Common Causes=== | ===Less Common Causes=== | ||
Less common causes of acromegaly include:<ref name="pmid6354702">{{cite journal| author=Melmed S, Braunstein GD, Horvath E, Ezrin C, Kovacs K| title=Pathophysiology of acromegaly. | journal=Endocr Rev | year= 1983 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 271-90 | pmid=6354702 | doi=10.1210/edrv-4-3-271 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6354702 }}</ref> | Less common causes of acromegaly include:<ref name="pmid6354702">{{cite journal| author=Melmed S, Braunstein GD, Horvath E, Ezrin C, Kovacs K| title=Pathophysiology of acromegaly. | journal=Endocr Rev | year= 1983 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 271-90 | pmid=6354702 | doi=10.1210/edrv-4-3-271 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6354702 }}</ref> | ||
*Hypothalamic tumors which secrete | *[[Hypothalamus|Hypothalamic]] tumors which secrete growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH). | ||
*Ectopic tumor secretion of GHRH. These tumors include the following: | *[[Ectopic tumor]] secretion of [[GHRH]]. These tumors include the following: | ||
**Small cell lung cancer | **[[Small cell lung cancer]] | ||
**Adrenal adenoma | **[[Adrenal adenoma]] | ||
**Pheochromocytoma | **[[Pheochromocytoma]] | ||
**Thyroid carcinoma | **[[Thyroid carcinoma]] | ||
*Ectopic tumor secretion of GH. These tumors include the following: | *Ectopic tumor secretion of [[GH]]. These tumors include the following: | ||
**Lymphoma | **[[Lymphoma]] | ||
**Pancreatic islet cell | **[[Pancreatic islet cell tumors]] | ||
===Genetic Causes=== | ===Genetic Causes=== | ||
*Acromegaly is caused by a mutation in the guanine nucleotide stimulatory protein gene which is responsible for pituitary adenomas.<ref name="pmid2549426">{{cite journal| author=Landis CA, Masters SB, Spada A, Pace AM, Bourne HR, Vallar L| title=GTPase inhibiting mutations activate the alpha chain of Gs and stimulate adenylyl cyclase in human pituitary tumours. | journal=Nature | year= 1989 | volume= 340 | issue= 6236 | pages= 692-6 | pmid=2549426 | doi=10.1038/340692a0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2549426 }} </ref> | *Acromegaly is caused by a [[mutation]] in the guanine nucleotide stimulatory [[protein]] [[gene]] which is responsible for [[pituitary adenomas]].<ref name="pmid2549426">{{cite journal| author=Landis CA, Masters SB, Spada A, Pace AM, Bourne HR, Vallar L| title=GTPase inhibiting mutations activate the alpha chain of Gs and stimulate adenylyl cyclase in human pituitary tumours. | journal=Nature | year= 1989 | volume= 340 | issue= 6236 | pages= 692-6 | pmid=2549426 | doi=10.1038/340692a0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2549426 }} </ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 19:05, 24 August 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]
Overview
Common causes of acromegaly include pituitary adenoma and acidophil stem cell adenomas. Less common causes of acromegaly include GHRH secreting tumors as hypothalamic tumors, small cell lung cancer, adrenal adenoma, and pheochromocytoma. Other causes include GH secreting tumors as lymphoma and pancreatic islet cell tumor.
Causes
Common Causes
Acromegaly may be caused by:
- Pituitary adenoma:[1]
- It is the most common cause of acromegaly.
- A secretory pituitary adenoma is responsible for acromegaly by excess secretion of the growth hormone and the insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
- Other types of pituitary adenomas causing acromegaly:
- Mixed growth hormone and prolactin cell adenomas
- Acidophil stem cell adenomas
- Mammosomatotroph cell adenomas
- Pleurihormonal adenomas
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of acromegaly include:[1]
- Hypothalamic tumors which secrete growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH).
- Ectopic tumor secretion of GHRH. These tumors include the following:
- Ectopic tumor secretion of GH. These tumors include the following:
Genetic Causes
- Acromegaly is caused by a mutation in the guanine nucleotide stimulatory protein gene which is responsible for pituitary adenomas.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Melmed S, Braunstein GD, Horvath E, Ezrin C, Kovacs K (1983). "Pathophysiology of acromegaly". Endocr Rev. 4 (3): 271–90. doi:10.1210/edrv-4-3-271. PMID 6354702.
- ↑ Landis CA, Masters SB, Spada A, Pace AM, Bourne HR, Vallar L (1989). "GTPase inhibiting mutations activate the alpha chain of Gs and stimulate adenylyl cyclase in human pituitary tumours". Nature. 340 (6236): 692–6. doi:10.1038/340692a0. PMID 2549426.