Corynebacterium: Difference between revisions
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| image = Corynebacterium ulcerans 01.jpg | | image = Corynebacterium ulcerans 01.jpg | ||
| image_width = 240px | | image_width = 240px | ||
| image_caption = ''C. ulcerans'' colonies on a blood agar plate. | | image_caption = ''C. ulcerans'' colonies on a blood agar plate. - Pubblico dominio, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1868432 | ||
| regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]] | | regnum = [[Bacterium|Bacteria]] | ||
| phylum = [[Actinobacteria]] | | phylum = [[Actinobacteria]] | ||
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| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] | | subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] | ||
| subdivision = See text. | | subdivision = See text. | ||
| attribution = Pubblico dominio, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1868432 | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{SI}} | {{SI}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} | ||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
==Overview== | |||
Cornyebacterium is a gram positive, facultatively anaerobic, non motile, rod shaped actinobateria. Infection by diphtheroids tend to occur in elderly, [[neutropenic]], or immunocompromised patients, and those who have indwelling prosthetic devices such as [[Artificial heart valve|heart valves]], neurologic [[Shunt (medical)|shunts]], or [[catheters]]. Some nondiphtheria species of ''Corynebacterium'' produce disease in specific animal species, and some of these are also human [[pathogen]]s. Some species attack healthy hosts, and others attack [[immunocompromised|immunosuppressed]] hosts. Some of their effects include granulomatous [[lymphadenitis]], [[pneumonitis]], [[pharyngitis]], skin infections, and [[endocarditis]]. Endocarditis caused by ''Corynebacterium'' spp. is particularly seen in patients with indwelling intravascular devices. | |||
'''Corynebacterium'' | ==Organism== | ||
* Corynebacterium is a [[genus]] of [[Gram-positive]], [[acultative anaerobic organism|facultatively anaerobic]], non-[[motile]], rod-shaped [[actinobacteria]]. Most do not cause disease, but are part of normal human skin [[Flora (microbiology)|flora]]. | |||
Some nondiphtheria species of ''Corynebacterium'' produce disease in specific animal species, and some of these are also human [[pathogen]]s. Some species attack healthy hosts, and others attack [[immunocompromised|immunosuppressed]] hosts. Some of their effects include granulomatous [[lymphadenitis]], [[pneumonitis]], [[pharyngitis]], skin infections, and [[endocarditis]]. Endocarditis caused by ''Corynebacterium'' spp. is particularly seen in patients with indwelling intravascular devices. | * Some nondiphtheria species of ''Corynebacterium'' produce disease in specific animal species, and some of these are also human [[pathogen]]s. Some species attack healthy hosts, and others attack [[immunocompromised|immunosuppressed]] hosts. Some of their effects include granulomatous [[lymphadenitis]], [[pneumonitis]], [[pharyngitis]], skin infections, and [[endocarditis]]. Endocarditis caused by ''Corynebacterium'' spp. is particularly seen in patients with indwelling intravascular devices. | ||
* Infection by diphtheroids tend to occur in elderly, [[neutropenic]], or immunocompromised patients, and those who have indwelling prosthetic devices such as [[Artificial heart valve|heart valves]], neurologic [[Shunt (medical)|shunts]], or [[catheters]]. | |||
Infection by diphtheroids tend to occur in elderly, [[neutropenic]], or immunocompromised patients, and those who have indwelling prosthetic devices such as [[Artificial heart valve|heart valves]], neurologic [[Shunt (medical)|shunts]], or [[catheters]]. | * Some species of Corynebacterium have sequenced genomes that range in size from 2.5 - 3 Mbp. They can be found in many environments including soil, trees and skin. The non-diptheiroid Corynebecterium can also be found in human mucous membranes. They grow slowly, even on enriched media, and undergo "Chinese Letter" division. Species of Corynebacterium have been used in the mass production of various amino acids including [[L-Glutamic Acid]], a popular food additive that is made at a rate of 1.5 million tons/ year by Corynebacterium. The metabolic pathways of Corynebacterium have been further manipulated to produce [[L-Lysine]] and [[L-Threonine]]. | ||
Some species of Corynebacterium have sequenced genomes that range in size from 2.5 - 3 Mbp. They can be found in many environments including soil, trees and skin. The non-diptheiroid Corynebecterium can also be found in human mucous membranes. They grow slowly, even on enriched media, and undergo "Chinese Letter" division. Species of Corynebacterium have been used in the mass production of various amino acids including [[L-Glutamic Acid]], a popular food additive that is made at a rate of 1.5 million tons/ year by Corynebacterium. The metabolic pathways of Corynebacterium have been further manipulated to produce [[L-Lysine]] and [[L-Threonine]]. | |||
==Species== | ==Species== | ||
===''Corynebacterium diphtheriae''=== | ===''Corynebacterium diphtheriae''=== | ||
* ''[[Corynebacterium diphtheriae]]'', the cause of [[diphtheria]] in humans. | * ''[[Corynebacterium diphtheriae]]'', the cause of [[diphtheria]] in humans. | ||
===Nondiphtheriae Corynebacteria (diphtheroids)=== | ===Nondiphtheriae Corynebacteria (diphtheroids)=== | ||
*''Corynebacterium amycolatum'' | *''Corynebacterium amycolatum'' | ||
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*''Corynebacterium flavescens'' | *''Corynebacterium flavescens'' | ||
*''Corynebacterium glutamicum'' | *''Corynebacterium glutamicum'' | ||
*''Corynebacterium haemolyticum'' | *''[[Corynebacterium haemolyticum]]'' | ||
*''Corynebacterium jeikeiun'' (corynebacteria of group JK) | *''Corynebacterium jeikeiun'' (corynebacteria of group JK) | ||
*''Corynebacterium minutissimum'' | *''Corynebacterium minutissimum'' | ||
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*''Corynebacterium ulcerans'' | *''Corynebacterium ulcerans'' | ||
*''Corynebacterium xerosis'' | *''Corynebacterium xerosis'' | ||
===Antimicrobial regimen=== | ===Antimicrobial regimen=== | ||
:* Corynebacterium jeikeium<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref> | :* '''Corynebacterium jeikeium'''<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref> | ||
::* Preferred regimen : [[Vancomycin]] 1 gm IV q12h | ::* Preferred regimen : [[Vancomycin]] 1 gm IV q12h | ||
::* Alternative regimen : [[Penicillin G]] {{and}} Anti pseudomonal aminoglycosides like [[Tobramycin]], [[Gentamicin]], [[Amikacin]] | ::* Alternative regimen : [[Penicillin G]] {{and}} Anti pseudomonal aminoglycosides like [[Tobramycin]], [[Gentamicin]], [[Amikacin]] | ||
:* '''Corynebacterium urealyticum'''<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref> | :* '''Corynebacterium urealyticum'''<ref>{{cite book | last = Gilbert | first = David | title = The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy | publisher = Antimicrobial Therapy | location = Sperryville, Va | year = 2015 | isbn = 978-1930808843 }}</ref> | ||
::* 1. '''Post renal transplant obstructive uropathy''' | ::* 1. '''Post renal transplant obstructive uropathy''' | ||
:::* Preferred regimen (1): [[Vancomycin]] 1 gm IV q12h | :::* Preferred regimen (1): [[Vancomycin]] 1 gm IV q12h | ||
:::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Teicoplanin]] 6 mg/kg/day IV q24h | :::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Teicoplanin]] 6 mg/kg/day IV q24h | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | |||
{{Wikispecies|Corynebacterium}} | {{Wikispecies|Corynebacterium}} | ||
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[[Category:Gram positive bacteria]] | [[Category:Gram positive bacteria]] | ||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | [[Category:Dermatology]] | ||
[[Category: Infectious Disease Project]] | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:32, 6 September 2017
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 C. ulcerans colonies on a blood agar plate. - Pubblico dominio, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1868432
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Cornyebacterium is a gram positive, facultatively anaerobic, non motile, rod shaped actinobateria. Infection by diphtheroids tend to occur in elderly, neutropenic, or immunocompromised patients, and those who have indwelling prosthetic devices such as heart valves, neurologic shunts, or catheters. Some nondiphtheria species of Corynebacterium produce disease in specific animal species, and some of these are also human pathogens. Some species attack healthy hosts, and others attack immunosuppressed hosts. Some of their effects include granulomatous lymphadenitis, pneumonitis, pharyngitis, skin infections, and endocarditis. Endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium spp. is particularly seen in patients with indwelling intravascular devices.
Organism
- Corynebacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped actinobacteria. Most do not cause disease, but are part of normal human skin flora.
- Some nondiphtheria species of Corynebacterium produce disease in specific animal species, and some of these are also human pathogens. Some species attack healthy hosts, and others attack immunosuppressed hosts. Some of their effects include granulomatous lymphadenitis, pneumonitis, pharyngitis, skin infections, and endocarditis. Endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium spp. is particularly seen in patients with indwelling intravascular devices.
- Infection by diphtheroids tend to occur in elderly, neutropenic, or immunocompromised patients, and those who have indwelling prosthetic devices such as heart valves, neurologic shunts, or catheters.
- Some species of Corynebacterium have sequenced genomes that range in size from 2.5 - 3 Mbp. They can be found in many environments including soil, trees and skin. The non-diptheiroid Corynebecterium can also be found in human mucous membranes. They grow slowly, even on enriched media, and undergo "Chinese Letter" division. Species of Corynebacterium have been used in the mass production of various amino acids including L-Glutamic Acid, a popular food additive that is made at a rate of 1.5 million tons/ year by Corynebacterium. The metabolic pathways of Corynebacterium have been further manipulated to produce L-Lysine and L-Threonine.
Species
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the cause of diphtheria in humans.
Nondiphtheriae Corynebacteria (diphtheroids)
- Corynebacterium amycolatum
- Corynebacterium aquaticum
- Corynebacterium bovis
- Corynebacterium equi
- Corynebacterium flavescens
- Corynebacterium glutamicum
- Corynebacterium haemolyticum
- Corynebacterium jeikeiun (corynebacteria of group JK)
- Corynebacterium minutissimum
- Corynebacterium parvum (also called Propionibacterium acnes)
- Corynebacterium pseudodiptheriticum (also called Corynebacterium hofmannii)
- Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (also called Corynebacterium ovis)
- Corynebacterium pyogenes
- Corynebacterium urealyticum (corynebacteria of group D2)
- Corynebacterium renale
- Corynebacterium striatum, (Axillary odor [2])
- Corynebacterium tenuis (Trichomycosis palmellina, Trichomycosis axillaris) [3]
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Corynebacterium xerosis
Antimicrobial regimen
- Corynebacterium jeikeium[1]
- Preferred regimen : Vancomycin 1 gm IV q12h
- Alternative regimen : Penicillin G AND Anti pseudomonal aminoglycosides like Tobramycin, Gentamicin, Amikacin
- Corynebacterium urealyticum[2]
- 1. Post renal transplant obstructive uropathy
- Preferred regimen (1): Vancomycin 1 gm IV q12h
- Preferred regimen (2): Teicoplanin 6 mg/kg/day IV q24h
References
- ↑ Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.
- ↑ Gilbert, David (2015). The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. Sperryville, Va: Antimicrobial Therapy. ISBN 978-1930808843.
- Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
- Database of Corynebacterial Transcription Factors and Regulatory Networks
- Rollins, David M. University of Maryland: Pathogentic Microbiology: Corynebacterium [4]