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| __NOTOC__
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| ==Causes of Hypotension==
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| == Causes ==
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| ===Life Threatening Causes===
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| Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
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| *[[Anaphylaxis]]
| | {| style="cellpadding=0; cellspacing= 0; width: 600px;" |
| *[[aortic aneurysm|Aortic aneurysm rupture]]
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| *[[Bleeding]]
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| *[[Dehydration]]
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| *[[Hypothermia]]
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| *[[Shock]]
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| <font color="white">{{Smallcaps|{{PAGENAME}} developed by WikiDoc.org}}</font>
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| ===Common Causes===
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| *[[ACE inhibitors]]
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| *[[Addison's disease]]
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| *[[Alpha blockers]]
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| *[[Beta blockers]]
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| *[[Bleeding]]
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| *[[Calcium channel blockers]]
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| *[[Diabetes mellitus]]
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| *[[Diuretics]]
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| *[[Hypoglycemia]]
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| *[[Hypothermia]]
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| *[[Hypovolemia]]
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| *[[Pregnancy]]
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| *[[Sepsis]]
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| *[[Shock]]
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| *[[Tricyclic antidepressants]]
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| <font color="white">{{Smallcaps|{{PAGENAME}} developed by WikiDoc.org}}</font>
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| ===Causes by Organ System=== | |
| {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[aortic aneurysm|Aortic aneurysm rupture]], [[aortic arch syndrome]], [[aortic isthmus stenosis]], [[aortic regurgitation]], [[aortic stenosis]], [[aortocaval compression syndrome]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[AV block|atrioventricular node conduction block]], [[brain natriuretic peptide|B type natriuretic peptide]], baroceptor dysfunction in the elderly, [[capillary leak syndrome]], [[cardiac tamponade]], [[cardiogenic shock]], [[carotid sinus hypersensitivity]], [[carotid sinus syndrome]], [[coarctation of aorta]], [[complete heart block]], [[constrictive pericarditis]], [[cor triatriatum]], [[dehydration]], [[dissecting aortic aneurysm]], [[distributive shock]], [[Eisenmenger's syndrome]], [[embolism]], [[endotoxic shock]], [[gray baby syndrome]], [[cardiac arrhythmia|heart arrhythmia]], [[heart block]], [[heart failure]], heart injury, [[hemorrhagic shock]], hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome, [[hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]], [[hypovolemic shock]], [[idiopathic hypotension]], [[iliac artery aneurysm|iliac artery aneurysm rupture]], [[internal bleeding]], [[ischaemic heart disease]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[myocardial ischemia]], [[obstructive shock]], [[orthostatic hypotension]], [[pericardial effusion]], [[pericarditis]], [[perimyocarditis]], [[post-tussive syncope]], [[postural hypotension]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[shock]], [[sick sinus syndrome]], [[supraventricular tachycardia ]], [[syncope]], [[tetralogy of Fallot]], [[shock|traumatic shock]], [[tricuspid stenosis]], [[vasovagal syncope]], [[ventricular fibrillation]], [[WPW syndrome]]
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| |- | | |- |
| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical / poisoning''' | | | style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F5F5F5;" align=center | '''Diagnosis'''||style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F5F5F5;" align=center |'''Incidence'''||style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 100%; background: #F5F5F5;" align=center |'''Onset'''||style="padding: 0 9px; font-size: 100%; background: #F5F5F5;" align=center | '''Common symptom''' |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetaldehyde]], [[adiponitrile ]], [[copper]], [[cyanides]], [[demeton-S-methyl]], [[diazinon ]], [[dioxathion]], [[disulfoton ]], [[ethion ]], [[fensulfothion]], [[fenthion]], honey bee bite, indian tobacco, [[malathion]], [[methidathion]], [[methiocarb]], [[methomyl]], [[mushroom poisoning ]], [[parathion]], [[phosdrin]], [[conium|poison hemlock]], [[profenofos]], scorpion bite, [[sodium nitrite]], [[terbufos]], [[pyrophosphate|tetraethyl pyrophosphate ]], [[tetrodotoxin]], [[tobacco ]], wasp bite
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Dermatologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Gray baby syndrome]], [[mastocytosis ]]
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Drug Side Effect'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetophenazine]], [[alcuronium]], [[alfuzosin]], [[aliskiren]], alseroxylon, [[ambenonium]], [[ambrisentan]], [[amifostine]], [[aminoglutethimide]], [[amitriptyline]], [[amlodipine]], [[amoxapine]], [[amphotericin B]], [[amrinone]], [[amyl nitrate]], [[antipsychotic agents]], [[apomorphine]], azilsartan medoxomil, [[brain natriuretic peptide|B type natriuretic peptide]], [[baclofen]], [[beta blockers]], [[bethanechol]], bethanidine, [[bortezomib]], [[bosentan]], [[bretylium]], [[bromocriptine]], [[bupivacaine]], [[cabergoline]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[candesartan]], [[captopril]], [[chloroquine]], [[chlorpheniramine]], [[chlorpromazine]], [[chlorthalidone]], [[cilazapril]], [[cinacalcet]], [[cinnarizine]], [[clevidipine]], [[clomipramine]], [[clonidine]], [[colchicine]], [[cyclobenzaprine]], [[deserpidine]], [[desferrioxamine]], [[desipramine]], [[dexmedetomidine]], [[diazoxide]], [[dichlorvos ]], dicobalt edetate, [[dicrotophos ]], [[diltiazem]], [[diphenhydramine]], [[dipyridamole]], [[disopyramide]], [[distigmine]], [[diuretics]], [[donepezil ]], [[dothiepin]], [[doxazosin]], [[doxepin]], [[enalapril]], [[epidural anaesthesia]], [[eplerenone]], [[epoprostenol]], [[etoposide]], [[felodipine ]], [[fenoldopam]], [[fentanyl]], [[fosinopril]], [[general anaesthesia]], [[glyceryl trinitrate]], [[granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor]], [[gray baby syndrome]], [[guanadrel]], [[guanethidine]], [[guanfacine]], [[haloperidol]], [[hexamethonium]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydroxyzine]], [[imipramine]], [[indapamide]], [[indoramin]], [[interleukin 2]], iodine containing radiocontrast media, [[irbesartan]], [[isosorbide dinitrate]], [[isosorbide mononitrate]], [[isoxsuprine]], [[isradipine]], [[ketanserin]], [[labetalol]], [[l-dopa]], [[levomepromazine]], [[levosimendan]], [[lidocaine ]], [[lisinopril]], [[lithium]], [[lofexidine]], [[losartan]], [[mecamylamine]], [[methyldopa]], [[metirosine]], [[metolazone]], [[minoxidil]], [[morphine]], [[moxonidine]], [[nefazodone]], [[neostigmine]], [[niacin]], [[nicorandil]], [[nifedipine]], [[nimodipine]], [[nitroprusside]], [[nortriptyline]], [[olanzapine]], [[olmesartan]], [[omapatrilat]], [[opioid poisoning]], [[paliperidone]], [[pentamidine]], [[perazine]], [[pergolide]], [[phenothiazines]], [[phenoxybenzamine]], [[phentolamine]], pimobendan, [[pinacidil]], [[pipothiazine]], [[piribedil]], [[pramipexole]], [[prazosin]], [[protamine sulfate]], [[protriptyline]], [[quetiapine]], [[ramipril]], [[rasagiline]], [[reboxetine]], [[reserpine]], [[rilmenidine]], [[risperidone]], [[rituximab]], [[ropinirole]], [[rotigotine]], sassafras oil, [[serotonin syndrome]], [[sildenafil]], [[silodosin]], [[sodium nitroprusside]], [[spironolactone]], [[streptokinase]], [[sulphonamides]], [[tacrine]], [[tadalafil]], [[tamsulosin]], [[terazosin]], [[tetrabenazine]], [[tizanidine]], [[tolazoline]], [[tramadol]], [[treprostinil]], [[trifluperidol]], [[trimethaphan]], [[trimipramine]], [[tubocurarine]], [[urapidil]], [[valerian]], [[valsartan]], [[vardenafil]], [[verapamil]], [[ziconotide]], [[zotepine]]
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Endocrine'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome]], [[ACTH deficiency]], [[Addison's disease]], [[addisonian crisis]], [[adrenal hemorrhage]], [[adrenogenital syndrome]], [[adrenoleukodystrophy ]], [[Allgrove syndrome]], [[APECED syndrome ]], [[brain natriuretic peptide|B type natriuretic peptide]], [[carcinoid syndrome ]], [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia]], [[diabetes insipidus]], [[diabetic neuropathy|diabetic autonomic neuropathy]], [[diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma]], [[hypoaldosteronism]], [[hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[Myxedema]], [[myxedema coma]], [[panhypopituitarism]], [[pituitary insufficiency]], [[pseudohypoaldosteronism]], Renon-Delille syndrome, [[serotonin syndrome]], [[triple-A syndrome]]
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Environmental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Snake bite]], [[zero gravity ]]
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Gastroenterologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome]], [[acute liver failure ]], [[acute pancreatitis]], [[viral gastroenteritis|acute viral gastroenteritis]], [[Allgrove syndrome]], bowel strangulation, deglutition syncope, [[diarrhea]], [[peptic ulcer|duodenal ulcer bleeding]], [[peptic ulcer|gastric ulcer bleeding]], [[gastric volvulus]], [[hepatic vein thrombosis]], [[hepatitis]], [[intususception]], [[mastocytosis ]], [[necrotizing enterocolitis]], [[paralytic ileus]], [[peritonitis ]], [[hypotension|postprandial hypotension]], [[retroperitoneal haemorrhage]], [[small bowel obstruction]], [[splenic rupture]], [[superior mesenteric artery|superior mesenteric artery occlusion]], [[triple A syndrome]], [[tropical sprue ]], [[variceal bleeding]], [[vomiting]]
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Genetic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome]], [[acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Allgrove syndrome]], [[ APECED syndrome]], [[Bartter syndrome]], corticosteroid-binding globulin deficiency , familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2, hereditary peripheral nervous disorder, hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 3, [[pseudohypoaldosteronism]], Renon-Delille syndrome, [[Riley-Day syndrome]], [[triple A syndrome]], [[Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome]]
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Hematologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[anemia]]
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Iatrogenic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| After a major surgery, [[blood transfusion ]], dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome, [[epidural anesthesia]], gastric acid stimulation test using histamines, [[general anesthesia]], [[mechanical ventilation]], post-operative, [[renal dialysis]], [[transfusion reaction]]
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Infectious Disease'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[viral gastroenteritis|Acute viral gastroenteritis]], [[botulism]], [[cholera]], [[dengue hemorrhagic fever]], [[hantavirus]], [[lassa fever]], [[rocky mountain spotted fever ]], [[septic shock]], [[septicemia ]], [[toxic shock syndrome]], [[vibrio vulnificus]], [[Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome]], [[Weil syndrome]]
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cervical spine injury]], [[fracture of bone]], [[vertebral fracture]]
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Neurologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[pure autonomic failure|Autonomic failure]], [[autonomic neuropathy]], [[Binswanger's disease ]], [[Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome]], [[diabetic neuropathy|diabetic autonomic neuropathy]], [[DOPA decarboxylase|DOPA decarboxylase deficiency]], [[dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency]], [[dysautonomia]], [[glossopharyngeal neuralgia]], [[Guillain-Barre syndrome]], hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome, hereditary peripheral nervous disorder, hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 3, [[multiple system atrophy]], [[neurogenic shock]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[polyradiculitis]], [[Riley-Day syndrome]], [[seizures]], [[Shy-Drager syndrome]], [[syringomyelia]], [[tabes dorsalis]], [[vasovagal syncope]], [[Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome]]
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dehydration]],[[dieting|excessive dieting]],[[kwashiorkor]] | |
| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aortocaval compression syndrome]], [[ectopic pregnancy|ectopic pregnancy rupture]], [[ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]], [[postpartum haemorrhage]], [[pregnancy]], puerpural shock, [[septic abortion ]], [[uterine rupture]] | |
| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Oncologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atrial myxoma]], [[carcinoid syndrome ]], [[mastocytosis ]], [[pheochromocytoma]], [[serotonin-secreting tumor]]
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Opthalmologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Overdose / Toxicity''' | |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetophenazine]], [[alcuronium]], [[alfuzosin]], [[aliskiren]], alseroxylon, [[ambenonium]], [[ambrisentan]], [[amifostine]], [[aminoglutethimide]], [[amitriptyline]], [[amlodipine]], [[amoxapine]], [[amphotericin B]], [[amrinone]], [[antipsychotic agents]], [[apomorphine]], azilsartan medoxomil, [[baclofen]], [[beta blockers]], [[bethanechol]], bethanidine, [[bortezomib]], [[bosentan]], [[bretylium]], [[bromocriptine]], [[bupivacaine]], [[cabergoline]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[candesartan]], [[captopril]], [[chloroquine]], [[chlorpheniramine]], [[chlorpromazine]], [[chlorthalidone]], [[cilazapril]], [[cinnarizine]], [[clevidipine]], [[clomipramine]], [[clonidine]], [[colchicine]], [[cyclobenzaprine]], [[deserpidine]], [[desferrioxamine]], [[desipramine]], [[dexmedetomidine]], [[diazoxide]], [[dichlorvos ]], dicobalt edetate, [[dicrotophos ]], [[diltiazem]], [[diphenhydramine]], [[dipyridamole]], [[disopyramide]], [[distigmine]], [[diuretics]], [[donepezil ]], [[dothiepin]], [[doxazosin]], [[doxepin]], [[enalapril]], [[epidural anaesthesia]], [[eplerenone]], [[epoprostenol]], [[etoposide]], [[felodipine ]], [[fenoldopam]], [[fentanyl]], [[fosinopril]], [[general anaesthesia]], [[glyceryl trinitrate]], [[granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor]], [[guanadrel]], [[guanethidine]], [[guanfacine]], [[haloperidol]], [[hexamethonium]], [[hydralazine]], [[hydroxyzine]], [[imipramine]], [[indapamide]], [[indoramin]], [[interleukin 2]], [[irbesartan]], [[isosorbide dinitrate]], [[isosorbide mononitrate]], [[isoxsuprine]], [[isradipine]], [[ketanserin]], [[labetalol]], [[l-dopa]], [[levomepromazine]], [[levosimendan]], [[lidocaine ]], [[lisinopril]], [[lithium]], [[lofexidine]], [[losartan]], [[magnesium|magnesium overdose]], [[mecamylamine]], [[methyldopa]], [[metirosine]], [[metolazone]], [[minoxidil]], [[morphine]], [[moxonidine]], [[nefazodone]], [[neostigmine]], [[niacin]], [[nicorandil]], [[nifedipine]], [[nimodipine]], [[nitroprusside]], [[nortriptyline]], [[olanzapine]], , [[olmesartan]], [[omapatrilat]], [[opioid poisoning]], [[paliperidone]], [[pentamidine]], [[perazine]], [[pergolide]], [[phenothiazines]], [[phenoxybenzamine]], [[phentolamine]], pimobendan, [[pinacidil]], [[pipothiazine]], [[piribedil]], [[pramipexole]], [[prazosin]], [[protamine sulfate]], [[protriptyline]], [[quetiapine]], [[ramipril]], [[rasagiline]], [[reboxetine]], [[reserpine]], [[rilmenidine]], [[risperidone]], [[rituximab]], [[ropinirole]], [[rotigotine]], sassafras oil, [[sildenafil]], [[silodosin]], [[sodium nitroprusside]], [[spironolactone]], [[streptokinase]], [[sulphonamides]], [[tacrine]], [[tadalafil]], [[tamsulosin]], [[terazosin]], [[tetrabenazine]], [[tizanidine]], [[tolazoline]], [[tramadol]], [[treprostinil]], [[trifluperidol]], [[trimethaphan]], [[trimipramine]], [[tubocurarine]], [[urapidil]], [[valerian]], [[valsartan]], [[vardenafil]], [[verapamil]], [[ziconotide]], [[zotepine]] | |
| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Psychiatric'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[depression]]
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Pulmonary'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Post-tussive syncope]], [[pulmonary edema]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[tension pneumothorax]] | |
| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bartter syndrome]], [[dehydration]], familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2, [[hypermagnesaemia]], [[hypokalemia]], [[hyponatremia]]
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]], [[anaphylactic shock]], [[anaphylactoid reaction]], [[blood transfusion ]], dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome, food additive allergy, [[Guillain-Barre syndrome]], honey bee bite, [[mastocytosis]], scorpion bite, [[transfusion reaction]], [[urticaria]], wasp bite, [[Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome]], x-ray studies using contrast media
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Sexual'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| Renon-Delille syndrome
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Trauma'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| Blood vessel trauma, [[burns]], [[spinal cord injury|cervical spine injury]], [[chemical burn]], [[fracture of bone]], heart injury, [[pericardial effusion]], [[shaken baby syndrome]], [[tension pneumothorax]], [[shock|traumatic shock]]
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Urologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Dental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Miscellaneous'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcohol]], [[alcohol withdrawal syndrome]], [[decompression sickness]], deglutition syncope, [[dehydration]], [[fatigue]], [[heat exhaustion]], [[hypothermia]], insufficient fluid intake, low salt diet, [[micturition syncope]], prolonged bed rest, [[snake bite]], [[syncope]], [[volume depletion ]], [[zero gravity ]]
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| |- | | |- |
| | | style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 10px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left |❑ [[Polycystic ovary syndrome]] <br> |
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| | ❑ [[hirsutism|Idiopathic hirsutism]]<br> |
| | |
| | ❑ [[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]] <br> |
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| | ❑ Ovarian and androgen secreting tumors <br> |
| | |
| | ❑ Drug induced <br> |
| | |
| | ❑ [[HAIR-AN Syndrome]] <br> |
| | | style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left |❑ 70-85%<br><br> ❑ 5-15%<br><br> ❑ 1-8%<br><br> |
| | ❑ 0.3-0.1%<br> |
| | |
| | |
| | ❑ 0.5-1% <br> |
| | |
| | |
| | ❑ 3-4% |
| | | style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left |❑ PCOS insidious<br> |
| | |
| | ❑ Idiopathic hirsutism Insidious<br> |
| | ❑ CAH rapid <br><br> |
| | ❑ Tumors rapid <br> |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | ❑ HAIRAN syndrome insidious |
| | | style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | |
| | ❑ Irregular menses, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary <br> |
| | ❑ No other known cause, normal ovaries, normal anbdrogens <br> |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | ❑ Total testosterone > 200ng and does not respond to treatment <br> |
| | |
| | ❑ Related to medications (steroids, danazol etc) <br> |
| | |
| | ❑ Subset of PCOS with insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans |
| |} | | |} |
| <font color="white">{{Smallcaps|{{PAGENAME}} developed by WikiDoc.org}}</font>
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|
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|
| ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
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| {{col-begin|width=80%}}
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| {{col-break|width=33%}}
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| *[[Abdominal aortic aneurysm]]
| | |
| *[[Acetaldehyde]]
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| *[[Acetophenazine]]
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| *[[Achalasia-addisonianism-alacrima syndrome]]
| | |
| *[[ACTH deficiency]]
| | |
| *[[Acute intermittent porphyria]]
| | |
| *[[Acute liver failure]]
| | |
| *[[Acute pancreatitis]]
| | |
| *[[viral gastroenteritis|Acute viral gastroenteritis]]
| | |
| *[[Addisonian crisis]]
| | |
| *[[Addison's disease]]
| | |
| *[[Adiponitrile]]
| | |
| *[[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]]
| | |
| *[[Adrenal hemorrhage]]
| | |
| *[[Adrenogenital syndrome]]
| | '''For patient information, click [[Hirsutism (patient information)|here]]''' |
| *[[Adrenoleukodystrophy]]
| | |
| *After a major surgery
| | {{Infobox_Disease | |
| *[[Alcohol]]
| | Name = {{PAGENAME}} | |
| *[[Alcohol withdrawal syndrome]]
| | Image = |Nuremberg chronicles - Strange People - Hairy Lady (XIIv).jpg |
| *[[Alcuronium]]
| | Caption = |A lady with hirsutism, as depicted in the ''Nuremberg Chronicle'' (1493) |
| *[[Alfuzosin]]
| | = | |
| *[[Aliskiren]]
| | }} |
| *[[Allgrove syndrome]]
| | {{SI}} |
| *Alseroxylon
| | {{CMG}} |
| *[[Ambenonium]]
| | |
| *[[Ambrisentan]]
| | ==Overview== |
| *[[Amifostine]]
| | '''Hirsutism''' (from Latin ''hirsutus'' = shaggy, hairy) is defined as excessive and increased [[hair]] growth in women in locations where the occurrence of [[terminal hair]] normally is minimal or absent. It refers to a male pattern of body hair ([[androgenic hair]]) and it is therefore primarily of cosmetic and [[psychological]] concern. Hirsutism is a [[symptom]] rather than a [[disease]] and may be a sign of a more serious medical indication, especially if it develops well after [[puberty]]. |
| *[[Aminoglutethimide]]
| | |
| *[[Amitriptyline]]
| | == Appearance and evaluation == |
| *[[Amlodipine]]
| | Hirsutism only affects women, since the rising of androgens causes a male pattern of body hair, particularly in locations where women normally do not develop terminal hair within their [[puberty]] ([[chest hair|chest]], [[abdominal hair|abdomen]], back and [[facial hair|face]]). The medical term for excessive hair growth that affect both men and women is [[hypertrichosis]]. |
| *[[Amoxapine]]
| | |
| *[[Amphotericin B]]
| | One method of evaluating hirsutism is the [[Ferriman-Gallwey score]] which gives a score based on the amount and location of hair growth on a woman. |
| *[[Amrinone]] | | |
| *[[Amyl nitrate]] | | ==Etiology== |
| *[[Amyloidosis]] | | The cause of hirsutism can be either an increased level of [[androgen]]s (male [[hormone]]s) or an oversensitivity of [[hair follicles]] to androgens. Male hormones such as [[testosterone]] stimulate hair growth, increase size and intensify the pigmentation of hair. Other symptoms associated with a high level of male hormones include [[Acne vulgaris|acne]] and deepening of the voice and increased muscle mass. |
| *[[Anaphylactic shock]]
| | |
| *[[Anaphylactoid reaction]]
| | Growing evidence implicates high circulating levels of insulin in women to the development of hirsutism. This theory is consistent with the observation that obese (and thus presumably insulin resistant hyperinsulinemic) women are at high risk of becoming hirsute. Further, treatments that lower insulin levels will lead to a reduction in hirsutism. |
| *[[Anemia]]
| | |
| *[[Anorexia nervosa]] | | It is speculated that insulin, at high enough concentration, stimulates the ovarian theca cells to produce androgens. There may also be an effect of high levels of insulin to activate the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) receptor in those same cells. Again, the result is increased androgen production. |
| *[[Antipsychotic agents]] | | |
| *[[aortic aneurysm|Aortic aneurysm rupture]] | | The following may be some of the conditions that may increase a woman's normally low level of male hormones: |
| *[[Aortic arch syndrome]]
| | * [[Polycystic ovary syndrome]] |
| *[[Aortic isthmus stenosis]]
| | * [[Cushing's disease]] |
| *[[Aortic regurgitation]]
| | * [[Tumor]]s in the [[ovaries]] or [[adrenal gland]] ([[cancer]]) |
| *[[Aortic stenosis]]
| | * [[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]] |
| *[[aortic insufficiency|Aortic valve incompetence]]
| | * [[Insulin resistance]] |
| *[[Aortocaval compression syndrome]]
| | * Drugs like [[Ciclosporin]], [[conjugated estrogens]], [[Desogestrel and Ethinyl Estradiol]], [[Dexamethasone]], [[ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol]], [[Ethosuximide]], [[Fluoxymesterone]], [[Methyltestosterone]], [[Oxandrolone]], [[Oxymetholone]], [[prednisolone]], [[Tiagabine]] |
| *[[APECED syndrome]]
| | |
| *[[Apomorphine]]
| | == Physical Examination == |
| *[[Atrial myxoma]]
| | ====Skin==== |
| *[[AV block|Atrioventricular node conduction block]]
| | [[Image:hirsuitism (PCOS, Cushing's Syndrome, Phenytoin, Leydig Cell Tumor).jpg|thumb|left|hirsuitism (PCOS, Cushing's Syndrome, Phenytoin, Leydig Cell Tumor) |
| *[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]
| | <ref>http://picasaweb.google.com/mcmumbi/USMLEIIImages/</ref>]] |
| *[[pure autonomic failure|Autonomic failure]]
| | {{clr}} |
| *[[Autonomic neuropathy]]
| | |
| *Azilsartan medoxomil
| | ==Differential Diagnosis of Causes of {{PAGENAME}}== |
| *[[brain natriuretic peptide|B type natriuretic peptide]]
| | |
| *[[Baclofen]]
| | #Idiopathic: |
| *Baroceptor dysfunction in the elderly
| | #*familial, |
| *[[Bartter syndrome]] | | #*possibly increased sensitivity to androgens. |
| *[[Beta blockers]] | | #variant of normal menopause. |
| *[[Bethanechol]]
| | #Polycystic ovarian syndrome. |
| *Bethanidine
| | #obesity |
| *[[Binswanger's disease]] | | #Drugs: |
| *[[Blood transfusion]] | | #*androgens, |
| *Blood vessel trauma | | #*anabolic steroids, |
| *[[Bortezomib]] | | #*methyltestosterone, |
| *[[Bosentan]] | | #*minoxidil, |
| *[[Botulism]] | | #*diazoxide, |
| *Bowel strangulation | | #*phenytoin, |
| *Box jellyfish poisoning | | #*glucocorticoids, |
| *[[Bradbury-Eggleston syndrome]] | | #*cyclosporine. |
| *[[Bretylium]]
| | #*phenytoin, |
| *[[Bromocriptine]]
| | #Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. |
| *[[Bupivacaine]]
| | #Adrenal virilizing tumor. |
| *[[Burns]] | | #Ovarian virilizing tumor: |
| *[[Cabergoline]] | | #*arrhenoblastoma, |
| *[[Calcium channel blockers]]
| | #*hilus cell tumor. |
| *[[Candesartan]]
| | #Pituitary adenoma. |
| *[[Capillary leak syndrome]]
| | #pregnancy |
| *[[Captopril]]
| | #Insulin resistance |
| *[[Carcinoid syndrome]] | | #Cushing's syndrome. |
| *[[Cardiac arrhythmias]] | | #Hypothyroidism (congenital and juvenile). |
| *[[congestive heart failure|Cardiac failure, left sided]] | | #Acromegaly. |
| *[[Cardiac tamponade]]
| | #Androgen-secreting tumors of the ovaries |
| *[[Cardiogenic shock]]
| | #*Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, |
| *[[Carotid sinus hypersensitivity]]
| | #*granulosa-theca cell tumors, |
| *[[Carotid sinus syndrome]] | | #*hilus-cell tumors |
| *[[Cervical spine injury]] | | #hyperprolactinemia |
| *[[Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease]] | | #Testicular feminization. |
| *[[Chemical burn]]
| | |
| *[[Chloroquine]] | | == Treatment == |
| *[[Chlorpheniramine]]
| | Many women with unwanted hair seek methods of [[hair removal]] to control the appearance of hirsutism. But the actual causes should be evaluated by physicians, who can conduct blood tests, pinpoint the specific origin of the abnormal hair growth, and advise on the best course of treatment. |
| *[[Chlorpromazine]]
| | |
| *[[Chlortalidone]]
| | == See also == |
| *[[Cholera]]
| | * [[androgenic hair]] |
| *[[Chronic pyelonephritis]]
| | * [[hypertrichosis]] |
| *[[Chronic renal failure]]
| | * [[hair removal]] |
| *[[Cilazapril]]
| | |
| *[[Cinnarizine]]
| | ==References== |
| *[[Clevidipine]]
| | * Ferriman D, Gallwey JD: Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women. ''Journal of Clinical Endocrinology'' 1961; 21:1440-1447. |
| *[[Clomipramine]]
| | |
| *[[Clonidine]]
| | |
| *[[Coarctation of aorta]]
| | {{Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue}} |
| *[[Colchicine]]
| | |
| *[[Complete heart block]]
| | |
| *[[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]]
| | [[Category:Integumentary system]] |
| *[[Constrictive pericarditis]]
| | [[Category:Gynecology]] |
| *[[Copper]]
| | [[Category:Dermatology]] |
| *[[Cor triatriatum]]
| | [[Category:Hair-related diseases]] |
| *Corticosteroid-binding globulin deficiency
| | |
| *[[Cyanides]]
| | <!-- The below are interlanguage links. --> |
| *[[Cyclobenzaprine]]
| | |
| *[[Decompression sickness]]
| | <br> |
| *Deglutition syncope
| | [[bg:Хирзутизъм]] |
| *[[Dehydration]]
| | [[de:Hirsutismus]] |
| *[[Demeton-S-methyl]]
| | [[et:Hirsutism]] |
| *[[Dengue hemorrhagic fever]]
| | [[es:Hirsutismo]] |
| *[[Depression]]
| | [[fr:Hirsutisme]] |
| *[[Deserpidine]]
| | [[id:Hirsutisme]] |
| *[[Desferrioxamine]]
| | [[nl:Hirsutisme]] |
| *[[Desipramine]]
| | [[pl:Hirsutyzm]] |
| *[[Dexmedetomidine]]
| | [[pt:Hirsutismo]] |
| *[[Diabetes insipidus]]
| | |
| *[[diabetic neuropathy|Diabetic autonomic neuropathy]]
| | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} |
| *[[Diabetic ketoacidosis]]
| | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
| *Dialyzer hypersensitivity syndrome
| | |
| *[[Diarrhea]]
| | |
| *[[Diazinon]]
| | |
| *[[Diazoxide]]
| | |
| *[[Dichlorvos]]
| | |
| *Dicobalt edetate
| | |
| *[[Dicrotophos]]
| | |
| *[[Diltiazem]]
| | |
| *[[Dioxathion]]
| | |
| *[[Diphenhydramine]]
| | |
| *[[Dipyridamole]]
| |
| *[[Disopyramide]]
| |
| *[[Dissecting aortic aneurysm]]
| |
| *[[Distigmine]]
| |
| *[[Distributive shock]]
| |
| *[[Disulfoton]]
| |
| *[[Diuretics]]
| |
| *[[Donepezil]]
| |
| *[[DOPA decarboxylase|DOPA decarboxylase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Dopamine]]
| |
| *[[Dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Dothiepin]]
| |
| *[[Doxazosin]]
| |
| *[[Doxepin]]
| |
| *[[peptic ulcer|Duodenal ulcer bleeding]]
| |
| *[[Dysautonomia]]
| |
| *[[Dysrhythmia]]
| |
| *[[ectopic pregnancy|Ectopic pregnancy rupture]]
| |
| {{col-break|width=33%}}
| |
| *[[Eisenmenger's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Embolism]]
| |
| *[[Enalapril]]
| |
| *[[Endotoxic shock]]
| |
| *[[Epidural anaesthesia]]
| |
| *[[Eplerenone]]
| |
| *[[Epoprostenol]]
| |
| *[[Ethion]]
| |
| *[[Etoposide]]
| |
| *[[dieting|Excessive dieting]]
| |
| *Excessive fluid loss through dialysis
| |
| *Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy type 2
| |
| *[[Fatigue]]
| |
| *[[Felodipine]]
| |
| *[[Fenoldopam]]
| |
| *[[Fensulfothion]]
| |
| *[[Fentanyl]]
| |
| *[[Fenthion]]
| |
| *[[Focal cerebral ischemia]]
| |
| *Food additive allergy
| |
| *[[Fosinopril]]
| |
| *Gastric acid stimulation test using histamines
| |
| *[[peptic ulcer|Gastric ulcer bleeding]]
| |
| *[[Gastric volvulus]]
| |
| *[[General anaesthesia]]
| |
| *[[Gitelman syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Glossopharyngeal neuralgia]]
| |
| *[[Glyceryl trinitrate]]
| |
| *[[Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor]]
| |
| *[[Gray baby syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Guanadrel]]
| |
| *[[Guanethidine]]
| |
| *[[Guanfacine]]
| |
| *[[Guillain-Barre syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Haloperidol]]
| |
| *[[Hantavirus]]
| |
| *[[cardiac arrhythmia|Heart arrhythmia]]
| |
| *[[Heart block]]
| |
| *[[Heart failure]]
| |
| *Heart injury
| |
| *[[Heat exhaustion]]
| |
| *[[Hemorragic fever with renal syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Hemorrhage]]
| |
| *[[Hemorrhagic shock]]
| |
| *Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome
| |
| *[[Hepatic vein thrombosis]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis]]
| |
| *Hereditary peripheral nervous disorder
| |
| *Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 3
| |
| *[[Hexamethonium]]
| |
| *[[Histamine]]
| |
| *[[HIV]]
| |
| *Honey bee bite
| |
| *[[Hydralazine]]
| |
| *[[Hydroxyzine]]
| |
| *[[Hyperglycemia]]
| |
| *[[Hypermagnesemia]]
| |
| *[[Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma]]
| |
| *[[Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]]
| |
| *[[Hypoaldosteronism]]
| |
| *[[Hypokalemia]]
| |
| *[[Hyponatremia]]
| |
| *[[Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism]]
| |
| *[[Hypothermia]]
| |
| *[[Hypothyroidism]]
| |
| *[[Hypovolemia]]
| |
| *[[Hypovolemic shock]]
| |
| *[[Idiopathic hypotension]]
| |
| *[[iliac artery aneurysm|Iliac artery aneurysm rupture]]
| |
| *[[Imipramine]]
| |
| *[[Indapamide]]
| |
| *Indian tobacco
| |
| *[[Indoramin]]
| |
| *[[Infliximab]]
| |
| *Insufficient fluid intake
| |
| *[[Interleukin 2]]
| |
| *[[Internal bleeding]]
| |
| *[[Intususception]]
| |
| *Iodine containing radiocontrast media
| |
| *[[Irbesartan]]
| |
| *[[Ischaemic heart disease]]
| |
| *[[Isoprenaline]]
| |
| *[[Isosorbide dinitrate]]
| |
| *[[Isosorbide mononitrate]]
| |
| *[[Isoxsuprine]]
| |
| *[[Isradipine]]
| |
| *[[Ketanserin]]
| |
| *[[Kwashiorkor]]
| |
| *[[Labetalol]]
| |
| *[[Lactic acidosis]]
| |
| *[[Lassa fever]]
| |
| *[[L-dopa]]
| |
| *[[Levomepromazine]]
| |
| *[[Levosimendan]]
| |
| *[[Lidocaine]]
| |
| *[[Lisinopril]]
| |
| *[[Lithium]]
| |
| *[[Lofexidine]]
| |
| *[[Losartan]]
| |
| *Low salt diet
| |
| *[[Lyme disease]]
| |
| *[[Lysuride]]
| |
| *[[magnesium|Magnesium overdose]]
| |
| *[[Malathion]]
| |
| *[[MAOI]]
| |
| *[[Marijuana]]
| |
| *[[Mastocytosis]]
| |
| *Maternal hypotension syndrome
| |
| *[[Mecamylamine]]
| |
| *[[Mechanical ventilation]]
| |
| *[[Methidathion]]
| |
| *[[Methiocarb]]
| |
| *[[Methomyl]]
| |
| *[[Methyldopa]]
| |
| *Methyldopate
| |
| *[[Metirosine]]
| |
| *[[Metolazone]]
| |
| *[[Micturition syncope]]
| |
| *[[Minoxidil]]
| |
| *[[Mitral stenosis]]
| |
| *[[Mitral valve incompetence]]
| |
| *[[Morphine]]
| |
| *[[Moxonidine]]
| |
| *[[Multiple system atrophy]]
| |
| *[[Mushroom poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Myocardial infarction]]
| |
| *[[Myocardial ischemia]]
| |
| *[[Myocarditis]]
| |
| *[[Myxedema]]
| |
| *[[Myxedema coma]]
| |
| *[[Necrotizing enterocolitis]]
| |
| *[[Nefazodone]]
| |
| *[[Neostigmine]]
| |
| *[[Neurogenic shock]]
| |
| *[[Niacin]]
| |
| *[[Nicorandil]]
| |
| *[[Nifedipine]]
| |
| *[[Nimodipine]]
| |
| *[[Nitroprusside]]
| |
| *[[Nortriptyline]]
| |
| *[[Obstructive shock]]
| |
| *[[Olanzapine]]
| |
| *[[Olmesartan]]
| |
| *[[Omapatrilat]]
| |
| *[[Opioid poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Orthostatic hypotension]]
| |
| *[[Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Paliperidone]]
| |
| *[[Pancreatitis]]
| |
| *[[Panhypopituitarism]]
| |
| *[[Paralytic ileus]]
| |
| *[[Parathion]]
| |
| {{col-break|width=33%}}
| |
| *[[Parkinson's disease]]
| |
| *[[Pentamidine]]
| |
| *[[Perazine]]
| |
| *[[Pergolide]]
| |
| *[[Pericardial effusion]]
| |
| *[[Pericarditis]]
| |
| *[[Perimyocarditis]]
| |
| *[[Peritonitis]]
| |
| *[[Phenothiazines]]
| |
| *[[Phenoxybenzamine]]
| |
| *[[Phentolamine]]
| |
| *[[Pheochromocytoma]]
| |
| *[[Phosdrin]]
| |
| *[[Pick's disease]]
| |
| *Pimobendan
| |
| *[[Pinacidil]]
| |
| *[[Pipothiazine]]
| |
| *[[Piribedil]]
| |
| *[[Pituitary insufficiency]]
| |
| *[[conium|Poison hemlock]]
| |
| *[[Polyradiculitis]]
| |
| *Post-operative
| |
| *[[Postpartum haemorrhage]]
| |
| *[[hypotension|Postprandial hypotension]]
| |
| *[[Post-tussive syncope]]
| |
| *[[Postural hypotension]]
| |
| *[[Pramipexole]]
| |
| *[[Prazosin]]
| |
| *[[Pregnancy]]
| |
| *[[Primary pulmonary hypertension]]
| |
| *[[Profenofos]]
| |
| *Prolonged bed-rest
| |
| *[[Protamine sulfate]]
| |
| *[[Protriptyline]]
| |
| *[[Pseudohypoaldosteronism]]
| |
| *Puerpural shock
| |
| *[[Pulmonary edema]]
| |
| *[[Pulmonary embolism]]
| |
| *[[Pulmonary stenosis]]
| |
| *[[pericarditis|Pyogenic pericarditis]]
| |
| *[[Quetiapine]]
| |
| *[[Ramipril]]
| |
| *[[Rasagiline]]
| |
| *[[Reboxetine]]
| |
| *[[Renal dialysis]]
| |
| *Renal tubular dysgenesis
| |
| *Renon-Delille syndrome
| |
| *[[Reserpine]]
| |
| *[[Respiratory acidosis]]
| |
| *[[Retroperitoneal haemorrhage]]
| |
| *[[Rickettsia prowazekii]]
| |
| *[[Riley-Day syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Rilmenidine]]
| |
| *[[Risperidone]]
| |
| *[[Rituximab]]
| |
| *[[Rocky mountain spotted fever]]
| |
| *[[Ropinirole]]
| |
| *[[Rotigotine]]
| |
| *[[Sarcoidosis]]
| |
| *Sassafras oil
| |
| *Scorpion bite
| |
| *[[Seizures]]
| |
| *[[Sepsis]]
| |
| *[[Septic abortion]]
| |
| *[[Septic shock]]
| |
| *[[Septicemia]]
| |
| *[[Serotonin syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Serotonin-secreting tumor]]
| |
| *[[bleeding|Severe bleeding]]
| |
| *[[Shaken baby syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Shock]]
| |
| *[[Shy-Drager syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Sick sinus syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Sildenafil]]
| |
| *[[Silodosin]]
| |
| *[[Sjogren syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Small bowel obstruction]]
| |
| *[[Snake bite]]
| |
| *[[Sodium nitrite]]
| |
| *[[Sodium nitroprusside]]
| |
| *[[Spironolactone]]
| |
| *[[Splenic rupture]]
| |
| *[[Streptokinase]]
| |
| *[[Sulphonamides]]
| |
| *[[superior mesenteric artery|Superior mesenteric artery occlusion]]
| |
| *[[Supraventricular tachycardia]]
| |
| *[[Syncope]]
| |
| *[[Syphilis]]
| |
| *[[Syringomyelia]]
| |
| *[[candidiasis|Systemic candidiasis]]
| |
| *[[Tabes dorsalis]]
| |
| *[[Tacrine]]
| |
| *[[Tadalafil]]
| |
| *[[Tamsulosin]]
| |
| *[[Tension pneumothorax]]
| |
| *[[Terazosin]]
| |
| *[[Terbufos]]
| |
| *[[Tetrabenazine]]
| |
| *[[pyrophosphate|Tetraethyl pyrophosphate]]
| |
| *[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]
| |
| *[[Tetrodotoxin]]
| |
| *[[Thoracic aortic aneurysm]]
| |
| *[[Tizanidine]]
| |
| *[[Tobacco]]
| |
| *[[Tolazoline]]
| |
| *[[Toxic shock syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Toxoplasmosis]]
| |
| *[[Tramadol]]
| |
| *[[Transfusion reaction]]
| |
| *[[Trauma]]
| |
| *[[shock|Traumatic shock]]
| |
| *[[Treprostinil]]
| |
| *[[Tricuspid stenosis]]
| |
| *[[Tricyclic antidepressants]]
| |
| *[[Trifluperidol]]
| |
| *[[Trimethaphan]]
| |
| *[[Trimipramine]]
| |
| *[[Triple A syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Tropical sprue]]
| |
| *[[Tuberculous pericarditis]]
| |
| *[[Tubocurarine]]
| |
| *[[Ulcerative colitis]]
| |
| *[[Urapidil]]
| |
| *[[Uremic pericarditis]]
| |
| *[[Urticaria]]
| |
| *[[Uterine rupture]]
| |
| *[[Valsartan]]
| |
| *[[Vancomycin resistant enterococcal bacteremia]]
| |
| *[[Vardenafil]]
| |
| *[[Variceal bleeding]]
| |
| *Vascular neuropathy
| |
| *[[Vasovagal syncope]]
| |
| *[[Ventricular familial preexcitation syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Ventricular fibrillation]]
| |
| *[[Verapamil]]
| |
| *[[Vertebral fracture]]
| |
| *[[Vibrio vulnificus]]
| |
| *[[pericarditis|Viral pericarditis]]
| |
| *[[VLCAD deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Volume depletion]]
| |
| *[[Vomiting]]
| |
| *Wasp bite
| |
| *[[Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Weil syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Wohlwill-Andrade syndrome]]
| |
| *[[WPW syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Xamoterol]]
| |
| *X-ray studies using contrast media
| |
| *[[Zero gravity]]
| |
| *[[Ziconotide]]
| |
| *[[Zotepine]]
| |
| {{col-end}}
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|
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| *[[Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Allopurinol]]
| |
| *[[Aniline]]
| |
| *[[Behcet's disease]]
| |
| *[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]]
| |
| *[[Benzidine]]
| |
| *[[Bladder incontinence]]
| |
| *[[Bladder stones]]
| |
| *[[Bleomycin]]
| |
| *[[Candida]]
| |
| *[[Carbenicillin]]
| |
| *[[Cetirizine]]
| |
| *[[Chemical cystitis]]
| |
| *[[Chlamydia]]
| |
| *[[Chlordimeform]]
| |
| *[[Congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract]]
| |
| *[[Crohn's disease]]
| |
| *[[Cyclophosphamide]]
| |
| *[[Cystoscopy]]
| |
| *[[Danazol]]
| |
| *[[Dehydration]]
| |
| *[[Diabetes]]
| |
| *[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Diaphragm]]
| |
| *[[Diarrhea]]
| |
| *[[Diverticulitis]]
| |
| *[[Doxorubicin]]
| |
| *[[Drug induced cystitis]]
| |
| *[[Endometriosis]]
| |
| *[[Enterobacter]]
| |
| *[[Episiotomy scar infection]]
| |
| *[[Escherichia coli]]
| |
| *[[Ether]]
| |
| *[[Foreign body cystitis]]
| |
| *[[Gonorrhea]]
| |
| *[[carcinoma|Gynecological cancers]]
| |
| *[[Hemorrhagic cystitis]]
| |
| *[[Honeymoon cystitis]]
| |
| *[[Hunner's ulcer]]
| |
| *[[Ifosfamide]]
| |
| *[[Immobility]]
| |
| *[[Interstitial cystitis]]
| |
| *[[acetic acid|Intravesical acetic acid]]
| |
| *[[Kidney stones]]
| |
| *[[Klebsiella]]
| |
| *[[Lupus]]
| |
| *[[Methaqualone]]
| |
| *[[Methenamine mandelate]]
| |
| *[[Methicillin]]
| |
| *[[Methotrexate]]
| |
| *[[Mucoepithelial dysplasia, Witkop type]]
| |
| *[[nonoxynol-9|Nonoxynol-9 suppositories]]
| |
| *[[NSAIDS]]
| |
| *[[Penicillin VK]]
| |
| *[[Penicillins]]
| |
| *[[PID]]
| |
| *[[Piperacillin]]
| |
| *[[Posterior urethral valves]]
| |
| *[[Prostatitis]]
| |
| *[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]
| |
| *[[Radiotherapy]]
| |
| *[[Schistosomiasis]]
| |
| *[[Serratia]]
| |
| *[[Sexually transmitted diseases]]
| |
| *[[spermicide|Spermicidal jellies]]
| |
| *[[Spinal cord injury]]
| |
| *[[Staphylococcus saprophyticus]]
| |
| *[[Tampon]]
| |
| *[[Temozolomide]]
| |
| *[[Tiaprofenic acid]]
| |
| *[[Ticarcillin]]
| |
| *[[Toluidine]]
| |
| *[[Trichomoniasis]]
| |
| *[[Tuberculosis]]
| |
| *[[Urachal cancer]]
| |
| *[[Urachal cyst]]
| |
| *[[Urethral syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Urethritis]]
| |
| *[[Urinary catheter]]
| |
| *[[Urinary obstruction]]
| |
| *[[Urinary stones]]
| |
| *[[Urofacial syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Vesicoenteric fistula]]
| |
| *[[Xanthinuria]]
| |
|
| |
| ==References==
| |
| {{Reflist|2}}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
.jpg)