Croup physical examination: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Croup}} | {{Croup}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{LRO}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
Common physical examination findings of croup are primarily [[chest]] and [[lung]] abnormalities. This includes inspiratory [[stridor]], expiratory [[wheezing]], suprasternal and intercostal indrawing, [[sternal]] wall retractions, and desynchronized [[chest]] and [[abdominal]] wall expansion. Additionally, croup patients often appear ill, similarly to [[common cold]] patients, and lethargic. Low-grade [[fever]] can be present, as well as [[cyanosis]] in severe cases. | |||
==Physical Examination== | |||
===Appearance of the Patient=== | |||
*Croup patients are usually ill-appearing, similarly to [[common cold]] patients.<ref name="pmid20485713">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rajapaksa S, Starr M |title=Croup - assessment and management |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=280–2 |year=2010 |pmid=20485713 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Croup patients can appear [[lethargy|lethargic]].<ref name="pmid19445760">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johnson D |title=Croup |journal=BMJ Clin Evid |volume=2009 |issue= |pages= |year=2009 |pmid=19445760 |pmc=2907784 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Lungs=== | |||
*Inspiratory [[stridor]] is characteristic of croup patients.<ref name="Cherry2008">{{cite journal|last1=Cherry|first1=James D.|title=Croup|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=358|issue=4|year=2008|pages=384–391|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp072022}}</ref> | |||
*Expiratory [[wheezing]] may be present in more severe croup cases.<ref name="Cherry2008">{{cite journal|last1=Cherry|first1=James D.|title=Croup|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=358|issue=4|year=2008|pages=384–391|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp072022}}</ref> | |||
*Suprasternal and [[intercostal]] [[indrawing]] may be present in croup cases.<ref name="pmid19445760">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johnson D |title=Croup |journal=BMJ Clin Evid |volume=2009 |issue= |pages= |year=2009 |pmid=19445760 |pmc=2907784 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Sternal]] wall retractions may be visibly marked in severe croup cases.<ref name="pmid19445760">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johnson D |title=Croup |journal=BMJ Clin Evid |volume=2009 |issue= |pages= |year=2009 |pmid=19445760 |pmc=2907784 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Desynchronized [[chest]] and [[abdominal]] wall expansion may be present is severe croup cases.<ref name="pmid19445760">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johnson D |title=Croup |journal=BMJ Clin Evid |volume=2009 |issue= |pages= |year=2009 |pmid=19445760 |pmc=2907784 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Vital Signs=== | |||
*Low-grade [[fever]] may be present in croup patients.<ref name="pmid20485713">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rajapaksa S, Starr M |title=Croup - assessment and management |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=280–2 |year=2010 |pmid=20485713 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Skin=== | |||
*[[Cyanosis]] may be present in more severe cases of croup.<ref name="Cherry2008">{{cite journal|last1=Cherry|first1=James D.|title=Croup|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=358|issue=4|year=2008|pages=384–391|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp072022}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:30, 18 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Common physical examination findings of croup are primarily chest and lung abnormalities. This includes inspiratory stridor, expiratory wheezing, suprasternal and intercostal indrawing, sternal wall retractions, and desynchronized chest and abdominal wall expansion. Additionally, croup patients often appear ill, similarly to common cold patients, and lethargic. Low-grade fever can be present, as well as cyanosis in severe cases.
Physical Examination
Appearance of the Patient
- Croup patients are usually ill-appearing, similarly to common cold patients.[1]
- Croup patients can appear lethargic.[2]
Lungs
- Inspiratory stridor is characteristic of croup patients.[3]
- Expiratory wheezing may be present in more severe croup cases.[3]
- Suprasternal and intercostal indrawing may be present in croup cases.[2]
- Sternal wall retractions may be visibly marked in severe croup cases.[2]
- Desynchronized chest and abdominal wall expansion may be present is severe croup cases.[2]
Vital Signs
Skin
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rajapaksa S, Starr M (2010). "Croup - assessment and management". Aust Fam Physician. 39 (5): 280–2. PMID 20485713.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Johnson D (2009). "Croup". BMJ Clin Evid. 2009. PMC 2907784. PMID 19445760.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cherry, James D. (2008). "Croup". New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (4): 384–391. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp072022. ISSN 0028-4793.