Hookworm infection: Difference between revisions

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'''For patient information, click [[Hookworm infection (patient information)|here]]'''
[[Image:Hookworm eggC.jpg|thumb|Hookworm egg - this is what a veterinarian sees in the stool of an infected dog or cat.]]
[[Image:Hookworm eggC.jpg|thumb|Hookworm egg - this is what a veterinarian sees in the stool of an infected dog or cat.]]
{{Hookworm infection}}
{{Hookworm infection}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}


{{SK}} Ancylostoma infection; cutaneous larva migrans; CLM.
{{SK}} Ancylostoma infection.


==[[Hookworm infection overview|Overview]]==
==[[Hookworm infection overview|Overview]]==
Line 18: Line 19:
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
[[Hookworm infection history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Hookworm infection laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Hookworm infection other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
[[Hookworm infection history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Hookworm infection laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Hookworm infection other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="7" |Differentiating Hookworm infection from other Nematode infections<ref name="Principles and Practice">Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.</ref><ref name="Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine">{{cite book |last1=Kim |first1=Kami |last2=Weiss |first2=Louis |last3=Tanowitz |first3=Herbert |title=Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine Sixth Edition |publisher=Elsevier |date=2016 |pages=682-698 |chapter=Chapter 39:Parasitic Infections |isbn=978-1-4557-3383-5}}</ref>
|-
|Nematode
|Transmission
|Direct Person-Person Transmission
|Duration of Infection
|Pulmonary Manifestation
|Location of Adult worm(s)
|Treatment
|-
|[[Ascaris lumbricoides]]
|Ingestion of infective ova
|No
|1-2 years
|
* [[Löffler's syndrome]] (usually about 9-12 days after exposure to ova)
* [[Cough]]
* Substernal discomfort
* [[Crackles]]
* [[Wheezing]]
* Transient opacities
|Free in the lumen of the small bowel
(primarily jejunum)
|
* [[Albendazole]]
* [[Mebendazole]]
* [[Pyrantel pamoate]]
* [[Ivermectin]]
* [[Levamisole]]
* [[Piperazine]]
|-
|[[Trichuris trichiura]]
(whipworm)
|Ingestion of infective [[ova]]
|No
|1-3 years
|No pulmonary migration, therefore, no pulmonary manifestation
|Anchored in the superficial mucosa of cecum and colon
|
* [[Albendazole]]
* [[Mebendazole]]
|-
|[[Hookworm]] ([[Necator americanus]] and [[Ancylostoma duodenale]])
|Skin penetration by filariform larvae
|No
|
* 3-5 years (Necator)
* 1 year (Ancylostoma)
|
* [[Löffler's syndrome]]
* Transient opacities
|Attached to the mucosa of mid-upper portion of the [[small bowel]]
|
* [[Albendazole]]
* [[Mebendazole]]
* [[Levamisole]]
* [[Pyrantel pamoate]]
|-
|[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]
|Filariform larvae penetrates skin or bowel mucosa
|Yes
|Lifetime of the host
|
* [[Löffler's syndrome]]
* Chronic [[cough]]
* [[Pneumonia]] or [[sepsis]] in hyperinfection
|Embedded in the mucosa of the [[duodenum]], [[jejunum]]
|
* [[Ivermectin]]
* [[Albendazole]]
* [[Thiabendazole]]
|-
|[[Enterobius vermicularis]] ([[pinworm]])
|Ingestion of infective [[ova]]
|Yes
|1 month
|Extraintestinal migration is very rare<ref name="pmid21879805">{{cite journal| author=Serpytis M, Seinin D| title=Fatal case of ectopic enterobiasis: Enterobius vermicularis in the kidneys. | journal=Scand J Urol Nephrol | year= 2012 | volume= 46 | issue= 1 | pages= 70-2 | pmid=21879805 | doi=10.3109/00365599.2011.609834 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21879805  }} </ref>
|Free in the lumen of [[cecum]], [[appendix]], adjacent [[colon]]
|
* [[Albendazole]]
* [[Mebendazole]]
* [[Pyrantel pamoate]]
* [[Ivermectin]]
* [[Levamisole]]
* [[Piperazine]]
|}


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Parasitic diseases]]

Latest revision as of 18:02, 18 September 2017

For patient information, click here

Hookworm egg - this is what a veterinarian sees in the stool of an infected dog or cat.

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Ancylostoma infection.

Overview

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Laboratory Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Differentiating Hookworm infection from other Nematode infections[1][2]
Nematode Transmission Direct Person-Person Transmission Duration of Infection Pulmonary Manifestation Location of Adult worm(s) Treatment
Ascaris lumbricoides Ingestion of infective ova No 1-2 years Free in the lumen of the small bowel

(primarily jejunum)

Trichuris trichiura

(whipworm)

Ingestion of infective ova No 1-3 years No pulmonary migration, therefore, no pulmonary manifestation Anchored in the superficial mucosa of cecum and colon
Hookworm (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) Skin penetration by filariform larvae No
  • 3-5 years (Necator)
  • 1 year (Ancylostoma)
 Attached to the mucosa of mid-upper portion of the small bowel
Strongyloides stercoralis Filariform larvae penetrates skin or bowel mucosa Yes Lifetime of the host Embedded in the mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) Ingestion of infective ova Yes 1 month Extraintestinal migration is very rare[3] Free in the lumen of cecum, appendix, adjacent colon

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

External Links

  1. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/hookworm/index.html
  2. http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Hookworm.htm
  3. http://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/diseases/hookworm.htm
  4. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/hookworm/default.htm

Template:WH Template:WikiDoc Sources

  1. ↑ Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.
  2. ↑ Kim, Kami; Weiss, Louis; Tanowitz, Herbert (2016). "Chapter 39:Parasitic Infections". Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine Sixth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 682–698. ISBN 978-1-4557-3383-5.
  3. ↑ Serpytis M, Seinin D (2012). "Fatal case of ectopic enterobiasis: Enterobius vermicularis in the kidneys". Scand J Urol Nephrol. 46 (1): 70–2. doi:10.3109/00365599.2011.609834. PMID 21879805.
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