Lassa fever differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Lassa fever}} | {{Lassa fever}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JS}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JS}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Lassa fever must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[hemorrhagic fever]], [[diarrhea]], [[muscle fatigue]], such as [[Ebola]] infection, [[Typhoid fever]], [[Malaria]], [[Diphtheria]], [[Legionellosis]], | Lassa fever must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[hemorrhagic fever]], [[diarrhea]], [[muscle fatigue]], such as [[Ebola]] infection, [[Typhoid fever]], [[Malaria]], [[Diphtheria]], [[Legionellosis]], Congo-hemorrhagic fever, [[yellow fever]], and [[Shigellosis]]. | ||
==Differentiating Lassa fever from other Diseases== | ==Differentiating Lassa fever from other Diseases== | ||
The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate | The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate Lassa fever from other conditions that cause [[fever]], [[diarrhea]] and [[mucosal bleeding]]:<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url =http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/lassaslides.htm }}</ref> | ||
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! style="background: #4479BA; width: 120px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}} | ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 120px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}} | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Ebola]]''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Ebola]]''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Manifests with [[fever]], [[chills]] [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], generalized [[pain]] or [[malaise]]. Disease often progresses and manifestations may include [[Internal bleeding|internal]] and external [[bleeding]], that follow an [[incubation period]] of 2-21 days. | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Typhoid fever]]''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Typhoid fever]]''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Manifests with [[fever]], [[headache]], [[rash]], gastrointestinal symptoms, with [[lymphadenopathy]], relative [[bradycardia]], [[cough]] and [[leucopenia]] and sometimes [[sore throat]]. [[Blood]] and [[stool culture]] can confirm the presence of the causative bacteria. | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Malaria]]''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Malaria]]''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Manifests with acute [[fever]], [[headache]] and sometimes [[diarrhea]] (children). A [[blood smear]]s must be examined for malaria parasites. The presence of [[parasites]] does not exclude a concurrent viral infection. An [[antimalarial]] should be prescribed as an [[empiric therapy]]. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Shigellosis]]''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Shigellosis]]''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Manifests with [[diarrhea]], possibly [[Dysentery|bloody]], accompanied by [[fever]], [[nausea]], and sometimes [[toxemia]], [[vomiting]], [[cramps]], and [[tenesmus]]. [[Stool]]s contain [[blood]] and mucous in a typical case. A search for possible sites of [[bacterial infection]], together with cultures and [[blood smear]]s, should be made. Presence of [[leucocytosis]] distinguishes bacterial infections from [[viral infections]]. | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Yellow fever]] and other [[Flaviviridae]] ''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Yellow fever]] and other [[Flaviviridae]] ''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Manifests with [[hemorrhage|hemorrhagic]] complications. [[Epidemiological]] investigation may reveal a pattern of disease [[transmission]] by an insect vector. Virus isolation and serological investigation serves to distinguish these [[viruses]]. Confirmed history of previous [[yellow fever]] [[vaccination]] will rule out [[yellow fever]]. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''Others''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''Others''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Viral hepatitis]], [[leptospirosis]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[typhus]], and [[mononucleosis]] can produce [[signs]] and [[symptoms]] that may be | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Viral hepatitis]], [[leptospirosis]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[typhus]], and [[mononucleosis]] can produce [[signs]] and [[symptoms]] that may be in the differential diagnosis of with Lassa fever in the early stages of [[infection]]. | ||
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[[Category:Tropical disease]] | [[Category:Tropical disease]] | ||
[[Category:Biological weapons]] | [[Category:Biological weapons]] | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | {{WikiDoc Sources}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:08, 18 September 2017
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Lassa fever Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Lassa fever differential diagnosis On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Lassa fever differential diagnosis |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Lassa fever differential diagnosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Lassa fever must be differentiated from other diseases that cause hemorrhagic fever, diarrhea, muscle fatigue, such as Ebola infection, Typhoid fever, Malaria, Diphtheria, Legionellosis, Congo-hemorrhagic fever, yellow fever, and Shigellosis.
Differentiating Lassa fever from other Diseases
The table below summarizes the findings that differentiate Lassa fever from other conditions that cause fever, diarrhea and mucosal bleeding:[1]
| Disease | Findings |
|---|---|
| Ebola | Manifests with fever, chills vomiting, diarrhea, generalized pain or malaise. Disease often progresses and manifestations may include internal and external bleeding, that follow an incubation period of 2-21 days. |
| Typhoid fever | Manifests with fever, headache, rash, gastrointestinal symptoms, with lymphadenopathy, relative bradycardia, cough and leucopenia and sometimes sore throat. Blood and stool culture can confirm the presence of the causative bacteria. |
| Malaria | Manifests with acute fever, headache and sometimes diarrhea (children). A blood smears must be examined for malaria parasites. The presence of parasites does not exclude a concurrent viral infection. An antimalarial should be prescribed as an empiric therapy. |
| Shigellosis | Manifests with diarrhea, possibly bloody, accompanied by fever, nausea, and sometimes toxemia, vomiting, cramps, and tenesmus. Stools contain blood and mucous in a typical case. A search for possible sites of bacterial infection, together with cultures and blood smears, should be made. Presence of leucocytosis distinguishes bacterial infections from viral infections. |
| Yellow fever and other Flaviviridae | Manifests with hemorrhagic complications. Epidemiological investigation may reveal a pattern of disease transmission by an insect vector. Virus isolation and serological investigation serves to distinguish these viruses. Confirmed history of previous yellow fever vaccination will rule out yellow fever. |
| Others | Viral hepatitis, leptospirosis, rheumatic fever, typhus, and mononucleosis can produce signs and symptoms that may be in the differential diagnosis of with Lassa fever in the early stages of infection. |
References