Lassa fever history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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{{Lassa fever}}
{{Lassa fever}}
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==Overview==
Common symptoms of Lassa fever typically include persistent, high-grade [[fever]] and other non-specific symptoms, such as [[headache]], [[myalgia]]/[[arthralgia]], [[cough]], [[conjunctival injection]], and [[vomiting]]. Less commonly, patients may present with more severe symptoms, such as [[GI bleeding]], [[deafness]], [[confusion]], [[seizure]]s, and [[coma]].
 
==Diagnosis==
The current case definition for suspecting Lassa fever is as follows:<ref name=Prevention>{{cite web | title = The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | url =http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/abroad/pdf/african-healthcare-setting-vhf.pdf }}</ref>
{| style="border: 2px solid #DCDCDC; font-size: 90%; width: 60%;" align=left
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 120%; background: #4479BA" align=left| ''{{fontcolor|#FFF|Unexplained fever at least 38 °C or 100.4 °F for ≥ 1 week}}''
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 95%; background:  #DCDCDC" align=left | '''And 1 of the following:'''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | ▸ No response to standard treatment with the choice of regimen for most likely cause of [[fever]] ([[malaria]], [[typhoid fever]])
|-
| rowspan="1" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | ▸ Readmitted within 3 weeks of inpatient care for an illness with [[fever]]
|-
! style="padding: 0 5px; font-size: 95%; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | '''And 1 of the following'''
|-
| rowspan="1" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | ▸ [[Edema]] or [[bleeding]]
|-
| rowspan="1" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | ▸ [[Sore throat]] and [[retrosternal pain]]/[[vomiting]]
|-
| rowspan="1" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | ▸ Spontaneous [[abortion]] following [[fever]]
|-
| rowspan="1" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" | ▸ [[Hearing loss]] following [[fever]]
|}
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>


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==History==
In 80% of cases the disease is inapparent, but in the remaining 20% it takes a complicated course. After an [[incubation period]] of six to twenty-one days, an acute illness with multiorgan involvement develops.
==Common Symptoms==
==Common Symptoms==
[[Non-specific symptom]]s include [[fever]], facial swelling, [[muscle fatigue]], [[conjunctivitis]], [[chest pain|retrosternal pain]] (pain behind the chest wall), [[sore throat]], [[back pain]], [[cough]], [[abdominal pain]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], [[proteinuria]] (protein in the [[urine]]) and [[mucosa]]l bleeding.
Common symptoms of Lassa fever are often non-specific symptoms that resemble symptoms of other viral infections:
* [[Fever]] and [[chills]] (typically persistent, high-grade fever)
* [[Headache]]
* [[Malaise]]
* [[Myalgia]]
* [[Arthralgia]]
* [[Chest pain]] (typically retrosternal)
* [[Dizziness]]
* [[Weakness]]
* [[Dizziness]]
* [[Sore throat]]
* [[Back pain]]
* [[Cough]]
* [[Nausea]] and [[Vomiting]]
* [[Abdominal pain]]
* [[Diarrhea]] (may be bloody)
* [[Conjunctival injection]] and [[conjunctival hemorrhage]]
* [[Mucosal bleeding]]
* [[Hearing loss]]
<br>


Because the symptoms of Lassa fever are so varied and nonspecific, clinical diagnosis is often difficult.
The following table lists the common symptoms of Lassa fever and their corresponding prevalence among infected patients:
{| {{table}}
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Symptom of Lassa Fever'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Prevalence Among Infected Patients (%)'''
|-
| Fever||≈100
|-
| Headache||80-90
|-
| Arthralgia/Myalgia||80-90
|-
| Retrosternal Chest Pain||80-90
|-
| Weakness||70-80
|-
| Dizziness||70-80
|-
| Sore Throat/Pharyngitis||60-80
|-
| Cough||60-70
|-
| Vomiting||60-70
|-
| Abdominal Pain||50-60
|-
| Diarrhea||30-50
|-
| Conjunctivitis/Subconjunctival Hemorrhage||30-40
|-
| Chills||20-40
|-
| Deafness||20-30
|-
| Bleeding||20-30
|-
| Confusion||10-20
|-
| Swollen Neck or Face||10-20
|}


==Less Common Symptoms==
==Less Common Symptoms==
The other symptoms arising from the affected organs are:
Less common symptoms of Lassa fever usually develop late and are often associated with a more severe course of disease.
* [[Gastrointestinal tract]]
===Skin===
** [[Nausea]]
*[[Jaundice]]
** [[Hematemesis|Vomiting blood]]
 
** [[Diarrhea]] (bloody)
===HEENT===
** [[Stomach ache]]
*[[Sore throat]]
** [[Constipation]]
*[[Facial edema]]
** [[Dysphagia]] (difficulty swallowing)
*[[Neck swelling]]
** [[Hepatitis]]
 
* [[Cardiovascular system]]
===Gastrointestinal tract===
** [[Pericarditis]]
*[[Hematemesis]]
** [[Hypertension]]
*[[Constipation]]
** [[Hypotension]]
*[[Dysphagia]]
** [[Tachycardia]] (abnormally high heart rate)
 
* [[Respiratory tract]]
===Cardiovascular system===
** [[Cough]]
*[[Hypotension]] or [[shock]]
** [[Chest pain]]
*[[Palpitations]]
** [[Dyspnoea]]
 
** [[Pharyngitis]]
===Respiratory tract===
** [[Pleuritis]]
*[[Dyspnea]]
* [[Nervous system]]
*[[Hemoptysis]]
** [[Encephalitis]]
 
**[[Tremor]]
===Nervous system===
** [[Meningitis]]
*[[Tremor]]
** Unilateral or bilateral [[hearing loss]]
*[[Confusion]]
** [[Seizure]]s
* [[Seizure]]


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 18:08, 18 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common symptoms of Lassa fever typically include persistent, high-grade fever and other non-specific symptoms, such as headache, myalgia/arthralgia, cough, conjunctival injection, and vomiting. Less commonly, patients may present with more severe symptoms, such as GI bleeding, deafness, confusion, seizures, and coma.

Diagnosis

The current case definition for suspecting Lassa fever is as follows:[1]

Unexplained fever at least 38 °C or 100.4 °F for ≥ 1 week
And 1 of the following:
▸ No response to standard treatment with the choice of regimen for most likely cause of fever (malaria, typhoid fever)
▸ Readmitted within 3 weeks of inpatient care for an illness with fever
And 1 of the following
▸ Edema or bleeding
▸ Sore throat and retrosternal pain/vomiting
▸ Spontaneous abortion following fever
▸ Hearing loss following fever










Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of Lassa fever are often non-specific symptoms that resemble symptoms of other viral infections:


The following table lists the common symptoms of Lassa fever and their corresponding prevalence among infected patients:

Symptom of Lassa Fever Prevalence Among Infected Patients (%)
Fever ≈100
Headache 80-90
Arthralgia/Myalgia 80-90
Retrosternal Chest Pain 80-90
Weakness 70-80
Dizziness 70-80
Sore Throat/Pharyngitis 60-80
Cough 60-70
Vomiting 60-70
Abdominal Pain 50-60
Diarrhea 30-50
Conjunctivitis/Subconjunctival Hemorrhage 30-40
Chills 20-40
Deafness 20-30
Bleeding 20-30
Confusion 10-20
Swollen Neck or Face 10-20

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of Lassa fever usually develop late and are often associated with a more severe course of disease.

Skin

HEENT

Gastrointestinal tract

Cardiovascular system

Respiratory tract

Nervous system

References

  1. ↑ "The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" (PDF).


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