Mycobacterium avium complex infection: Difference between revisions

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'''''Related Key Words and Synonyms:'''''
{{Mycobacterium avium complex infection}}


== Epidemiology and Demographics ==
{{CMG}}


Not reportable. Population-based data available for Houston and Atlanta metropolitan areas suggest a rate of 1/100,000/year. Incidence is decreasing among HIV- infected patients as a result of new treatment modalities e.g., combination therapy with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, as well as antimycobacterial prophylaxis.
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection overview|Overview]]==


== Risk Factors ==
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


HIV-infected persons. Rarely in children or nonimmuno-compromised persons.
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection classification|Classification]]==


== Pathophysiology & Etiology==
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


'''Etiologic Agent:'''
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection causes|Causes]]==


Mycobacterium avium complex (comprising M. avium and M.intracellulare).
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection differential diagnosis|Differentiating Mycobacterium avium complex infection from other Diseases]]==


'''Transmission:'''
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


Although the mode of transmission is unclear, MAC is most likely environmentally acquired. 
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


== Diagnosis ==  
==[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
Diagnosis can be achieved through blood cultures, or cultures of other bodily fluids such as lymphatic dranage or stool. Bone marrow culture can often yield an earlier diagnosis, but is usually avoided as an initial diagnostic step because of its invasiveness.


=== History and Symptoms ===
==Diagnosis==
Several different syndromes are caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Disseminated infections are usually associated with HIV infection. Less commonly, pulmonary disease in nonimmunocompromised persons is a result of infection with MAC. In children, the most common syndrome is cervical lymphadenitis.
[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection CT|CT]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection MRI|MRI]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


In HIV infected persons, manifestations include night sweats, [[weight loss]], abdominal pain, [[fatigue]], [[diarrhea]], and [[anemia]].
==Treatment==


== Risk Stratification and Prognosis==
[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Mycobacterium avium complex infection future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
Incidence is decreasing because of changes in treatment for HIV-infected patients; however, antimicrobial resistance may be increasing.


== Treatment ==
==Case Studies==
[[Mycobacterium avium complex infection case study one|Case #1]]


=== Pharmacotherapy ===
== Acknowledgements ==
Treatment involves a combination of anti-tuberculosis antibiotics. These include:
 
*Rifampicin
*Rifabutin
*Ciprofloxacin
*Amikacin
*Ethambutol
*Streptomycin
*Clarithromycin
*Azithromycin
 
==References==
 
#http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/mycobacteriumavium_t.htm
#http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_avium_complex


== Acknowledgements ==
The content on this page was first contributed by: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.
The content on this page was first contributed by: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.
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[[Category:Infectious disease]]
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[[Category:Disease]]

Latest revision as of 18:08, 18 September 2017

Mycobacterium avium complex infection

Mycobacterium avium complex infection Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Mycobacterium avium complex infection from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Mycobacterium avium complex infection from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Acknowledgements

The content on this page was first contributed by: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Template:SIB

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