Rhinoscleroma: Difference between revisions

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	Rhinoscleroma;
	Photogravure of rhinoscleroma from Wolkowitsch.

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Latest revision as of 18:37, 18 September 2017

For patient information, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis; scleroma; syphilis of the nose; nasal leprosy; scleroma neonatorum; srofulous lupus.

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Rhinoscleroma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

Erythrasma

External links

DiBartolomeo, Scleroma of the nose and pharynx.

Template:Bacterial diseases

lt:Rinoskleroma

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 '''For patient information, click [[Rhinoscleroma (patient information)|here]]'''
 {{Rhinoscleroma}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}}
-{{SK}} Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis; scleroma.
+{{SK}} Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis; scleroma; syphilis of the nose; nasal leprosy; scleroma neonatorum; srofulous lupus.
-==Symptoms==
-Rhinoscleroma has been divided into 3 stages: catarrhal/atrophic, granulomatous, and sclerotic stages.  The catarrhal stage begins with a nonspecific rhinitis, which progresses into purulent, fetid rhinorrhea, and crusting, which can last for weeks or even months.  The granulomatous stage results in the development of a bluish red nasal mucosa and the development of intranasal rubbery nodules or polyps.  Epistaxis, nasal deformity, and destruction of the nasal cartilage are also noted (Hebra nose).  The damage may result in anesthesia of the soft palate, enlargement of the uvula, dysphonia, and various degrees of airway obstruction.  The fibrotic stage is characterized by sclerosis and fibrosis.lymphadenitis are absent.
+==[[Rhinoscleroma overview|Overview]]==
-==Diagnosis==
+==[[Rhinoscleroma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
-[[Image:Rhinoscleroma_-_very_high_mag.jpg|thumb|[[Micrograph]] showing abundant subepithelial histiocytes in a case of rhinoscleroma. [[H&E stain]].]]
-A positive culture in MacConkey agar is diagnostic, but cultures are only positive in 50-60% of cases.  Diagnostic characteristics are most commonly found in the granulomatous stage and are described as being chronic inflammatory cells, [[Russell bodies]], and pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, and groups of large vacuolated histiocytes containing ''Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis'' (Mikulicz cells).
+==[[Rhinoscleroma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
+==[[Rhinoscleroma causes|Causes]]==
+==[[Rhinoscleroma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Rhinoscleroma from other Diseases]]==
-==Prognosis & treatment==
+==[[Rhinoscleroma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
-It is not lethal in nature and is responsive to [[Tetracycline]] or [[Ciprofloxacin]]. However, if left untreated the disease can lead to sepsis, hemorrhage or other chronic conditions that can be fatal.
-==Synonyms==
+==[[Rhinoscleroma risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
-Hebra nose. Scleroma.   Fr: Sclérome. Sp: Rinoscleroma.  Ger: Sklerom. Nasen-Rachenrauminduration.
-Archaic terms include: Syphilis of the nose. Nasal leprosy. Scleroma neonatorum. Scleroma respititorum. Scrofulous lupus.<ref>DiBartolomeo (''et alia'').</ref>
+==[[Rhinoscleroma natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
-== See also ==
+==Diagnosis==
-* [[Erythrasma]]
-* [[List of cutaneous conditions]]
+[[Rhinoscleroma history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Rhinoscleroma physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Rhinoscleroma laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Rhinoscleroma imaging findings|Imaging Findings]] | [[Rhinoscleroma other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
-* [[List of inclusion bodies that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions]]
-==Notes==
+==Treatment==
-{{Reflist}}
-==References==
+[[Rhinoscleroma medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Rhinoscleroma surgery|Surgery]] | [[Rhinoscleroma prevention|Prevention]] | [[Rhinoscleroma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Rhinoscleroma future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-* DiBartolomeo, Joseph R. (1976), ''Scleroma of the nose and pharynx.'' Journal: West. J. Med., vol. 124., pp.&nbsp;13–17.
+==Case Studies==
-* Frisch, Anton von (1882), ''Zur Aetiologie des Rhinoskleroms.'' Journal: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift; vol. 32, pp.&nbsp;969–972.
-* Hebra, Hans von (1870), ''Ueber ein eigenthümliches Neugebilde an der Nase; Rhinosclerom; nebst histologischem Befunde vom Dr. M. Kohn.'' Journal: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift; vol. 20, pp.&nbsp;1–5.
+[[Rhinoscleroma case study one|Case #1]]
-* Morton, Leslie T. (1970), ''A medical bibliography ([[Fielding H. Garrison|Garrison]] and Morton).'' Philadelphia & Toronto: J. B. Lippincott Company,  p.&nbsp;388.
-*  Palmer, P. E. S. & Reeder, M. M. (2000), ''The imaging of tropical diseases.'' Heidelberg: Springer Verlach; vols. 1 & 2 (ISBN 3-540-66219-7).
+== Related Chapters ==
+* [[Erythrasma]]
 ==External links==
-* [http://www.artandmedicine.com/biblio/authors/Wolkowitsch.html Cabinet of Art and Medicine.]
 * [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/pagerender.fcgi?artid=1129960&pageindex=1 DiBartolomeo, ''Scleroma of the nose and pharynx.'']
-* [http://tmcr.usuhs.mil/tmcr/chapter38/clinical.htm Palmer and Reeder.]
 {{Bacterial diseases}}
 [[Category:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions]]
-[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 [[lt:Rinoskleroma]]
 [[pl:Twardziel (choroba)]]


Rhinoscleroma
Photogravure of rhinoscleroma from Wolkowitsch.