Schistosomiasis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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{{Schistosomiasis}}
{{Schistosomiasis}}
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{{CMG}} ; {{AE}} {{ADG}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
The disease is found in tropical countries in Africa, Caribbean, eastern South America, east Asia and in the Middle East. ''[[Schistosoma mansoni]]'' is found in parts of South America and the Caribbean, Africa, and the Middle East; ''S. haematobium'' in Africa and the Middle East; and ''S. japonicum'' in the Far East.  ''S. mekongi'' and ''S. intercalatum'' are found focally in Southeast Asia and central West Africa, respectively.
The prevalence of schistosomiasis is approximately 268 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. More than 600 million persons are exposed to Schistosoma parasites, 200 million persons are infected, and 20 million symptomatic cases of schistosomiasis are reported worldwide. All age groups are vulnerable to Schistosoma infection, but school-aged children and adolescents living in endemic areas tend to have the highest intensity of disease. There is no racial predilection to schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis affects men and women equally.


==Epidemiology==  
==Epidemiology==  
===Incidence and prevalence===
===Incidence and prevalence===
*More than 600 million persons are exposed to Schistosoma parasites, 200 million persons are infected, and 20 million symptomatic cases of schistosomiasis are reported worldwide
*The prevalence of schistosomiasis is approximately 268 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
[[Image:Schistosomiasis world map - DALY - WHO2002.svg.png|thumb|center|[[Disability-adjusted life year]]
 
==Demographics==
==Demographics==
===Age===
===Age===
Patients of all age groups may develop schistosomiasis with infections peak in individuals aged 10-19 years.
*Patients of all age groups may develop schistosomiasis, but school-aged children and [[Adolescent|adolescents]] living in [[endemic]] areas tend to have the highest [[intensity]] of [[disease]].<ref name="pmid26224883">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weerakoon KG, Gobert GN, Cai P, McManus DP |title=Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=939–67 |year=2015 |pmid=26224883 |pmc=4548261 |doi=10.1128/CMR.00137-14 |url=}}</ref>
 
===Race===
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection to schistosomiasis.
*There is no [[racial]] predilection to schistosomiasis.
 
===Gender===
===Gender===
*Schistosomiasis affects men and women equally.
*Schistosomiasis affects men and women equally.
===Geographic Disrtubution==
 
*The disease is found in [[Tropics|tropical]] countries in [[Africa]], the [[Caribbean]], eastern [[South America]], [[Southeast Asia]] and in the [[Middle East]]. *''[[Schistosoma mansoni]]'' is found in parts of South America and the Caribbean, Africa, and the Middle East; ''S. haematobium'' in Africa and the Middle East; and ''S. japonicum'' in the [[Far East]].
===Geographic Disrtubution===
*''S. mekongi'' and ''S. intercalatum'' are found locally in [[Southeast Asia]] and central [[West Africa]], respectively.
*The [[disease]] is found in [[Tropics|tropical]] countries in [[Africa]], [[Caribbean]], Eastern [[South America]], [[Southeast Asia]] and in [[Middle East]].
* ''[[Schistosoma mansoni]]'' is found in parts of South America and Caribbean, Africa, and Middle East.
* ''[[Schistosoma haematobium|S. haematobium]]'' is found in Africa and Middle East; and ''[[Schistosoma japonicum|S. japonicum]]'' in [[Far East]].
*''[[Schistosoma mekongi|S. mekongi]]'' and ''[[Schistosoma intercalatum|S. intercalatum]]'' are found locally in [[Southeast Asia]] and Central [[West Africa]], respectively.
*Schistosomiasis is [[endemic]] in 74-76 developing countries,{{Verify source|November 2009|date=November 2009}} infecting more than 207&nbsp;million people, 85% of whom live in Africa.<ref name="OliveiraRodrigues2004">{{cite journal|last1=Oliveira|first1=Guilherme|last2=Rodrigues|first2=Nilton B|last3=Romanha|first3=Alvaro J|last4=Bahia|first4=Diana|title=Genome and genomics of schistosomes|journal=Canadian Journal of Zoology|volume=82|issue=2|year=2004|pages=375–390|issn=0008-4301|doi=10.1139/z03-220}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Organ involved
!Organ involved
Line 25: Line 32:
!Geographical distribution
!Geographical distribution
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" |Intestinal schistosomiasis
| rowspan="4" |[[Intestinal]] [[schistosomiasis]]
|Schistosoma mansoni
|''[[Schistosoma mansoni]]''
|Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, Brazil, Venezuela and Suriname
|Africa, Middle East, Caribbean, Brazil, Venezuela and Suriname
|-
|-
|Schistosoma japonicum
|''[[Schistosoma japonicum]]''
|China, Indonesia, the Philippines
|China, Indonesia, Philippines
|-
|-
|Schistosoma mekongi
|''[[Schistosoma mekongi]]''
|Several districts of Cambodia and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
|Several districts of Cambodia and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
|-
|-
|Schistosoma guineensis
|''Schistosoma guineensis''
 
''[[Schistosoma intercalatum]]''
S. intercalatum
|Rain forest areas of Central Africa
|Rain forest areas of central Africa
|-
|-
|Urogenital schistosomiasis
|[[Urogenital]] [[schistosomiasis]]
|Schistoma haematobium
|''[[Schistosoma haematobium]]''
|Africa, the Middle East, Corsica (France)
|Africa, Middle East, Corsica (France)
|}
|}
The disease is endemic in 74-76 developing countries,{{Verify source|November 2009|date=November 2009}} infecting more than 207&nbsp;million people, 85% of whom live in Africa.<ref>{{cite journal
| author = Oliveira, G.
| coauthors = Rodrigues N.B., Romanha, A.J., Bahia, D.
| year = 2004
| title = Genome and Genomics of Schistosomes
| journal = Canadian Journal of Zoology
| volume = 82
| issue = 2
| pages = 375–90
| doi = 10.1139/Z03-220
| url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nrc/cjz/2004/00000082/00000002/art00012
}}</ref>


==References==
==References==


{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
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[[Category:Hepatology]]
[[Category:Hepatology]]
[[Category:Neglected diseases]]
[[Category:Neglected diseases]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 18:43, 18 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

The prevalence of schistosomiasis is approximately 268 per 100,000 individuals worldwide. More than 600 million persons are exposed to Schistosoma parasites, 200 million persons are infected, and 20 million symptomatic cases of schistosomiasis are reported worldwide. All age groups are vulnerable to Schistosoma infection, but school-aged children and adolescents living in endemic areas tend to have the highest intensity of disease. There is no racial predilection to schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis affects men and women equally.

Epidemiology

Incidence and prevalence

  • The prevalence of schistosomiasis is approximately 268 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

Demographics

Age

Race

  • There is no racial predilection to schistosomiasis.

Gender

  • Schistosomiasis affects men and women equally.

Geographic Disrtubution

Organ involved Species Geographical distribution
Intestinal schistosomiasis Schistosoma mansoni Africa, Middle East, Caribbean, Brazil, Venezuela and Suriname
Schistosoma japonicum China, Indonesia, Philippines
Schistosoma mekongi Several districts of Cambodia and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Schistosoma guineensis

Schistosoma intercalatum

Rain forest areas of Central Africa
Urogenital schistosomiasis Schistosoma haematobium Africa, Middle East, Corsica (France)

References

  1. Weerakoon KG, Gobert GN, Cai P, McManus DP (2015). "Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 28 (4): 939–67. doi:10.1128/CMR.00137-14. PMC 4548261. PMID 26224883.
  2. Oliveira, Guilherme; Rodrigues, Nilton B; Romanha, Alvaro J; Bahia, Diana (2004). "Genome and genomics of schistosomes". Canadian Journal of Zoology. 82 (2): 375–390. doi:10.1139/z03-220. ISSN 0008-4301.