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'''For patient information, click [[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Scombrotoxic fish poisoning}}
{{Scombrotoxic fish poisoning}}
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Synonyms: Scombroid or histamine fish poisoning
{{SK}} Scombroid; histamine fish poisoning
 
== Overview ==
 
'''Scombrotoxic fish poisoning''', also known as scombroid toxicity or scombrotoxic poisoning is a form of [[food poisoning]]. It is caused by [[histamine]] and histamine-like products of bacterial breakdown of seafood, inhibiting its metabolism. The exact aetiology is complicated as histamine is not generally absorbed via the gut and administration of oral histamine does not replicate the symptoms. Foods notably associated with it are:
*Tuna
*Mackeral
*Bonito
 
===== References =====
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/marinetoxins_g.htm#whatsort
 
== Epidemiology and Demographics ==
Eating spoiled fish that have high levels of these histamines can cause in human disease.
 
===== References =====
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/marinetoxins_g.htm#whatsort
 
== Risk Factors ==
Symptoms may be more severe in patients taking certain medications that slow the breakdown of histamine by their liver, such as isoniazide and doxycycline.
 
===== References =====
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/marinetoxins_g.htm#whatsort
 
== Pathophysiology & Etiology==
Scombrotoxic fish poisoning is caused by bacterial spoilage of certain finfish such as tuna, mackerel, bonito, and, rarely, other fish. As bacteria break down fish proteins, byproducts such as histamine and other substances that block histamine breakdown build up in fish.


===== References =====
==[[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning overview|Overview]]==
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/marinetoxins_g.htm#whatsort


=== History and Symptoms ===
==[[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


Symptoms begin within 2 minutes to 2 hours after eating the fish.
==[[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


The most common symptoms are:
==[[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning differential diagnosis|Differentiating Scombrotoxic fish poisoning from other Diseases]]==


* [[rash]]
==[[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
* [[diarrhea]]
* [[flushing]]
* [[sweating]]
* [[headache]]
* [[vomiting]]


Burning or swelling of the mouth, abdominal pain, or a metallic taste may also occur. The majority of patients have mild symptoms that resolve within a few hours.
==[[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


===== References =====
==[[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/marinetoxins_g.htm#whatsort


== Treatment ==
==Diagnosis==
Treatment is generally unnecessary, but antihistamines or epinephrine may be needed in certain instances.


==== Acute Pharmacotherapies ====
[[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


===== References =====
==Treatment==
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/marinetoxins_g.htm#whatsort


== Acknowledgements ==
[[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning prevention|Prevention]] | [[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
The content on this page was first contributed by: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.


==Case Studies==
[[Scombrotoxic fish poisoning case study one|Case #1]]


==Related Chapters==
*[[Histamine fish poisoning]]
*[[Scombroid]]


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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 18:44, 18 September 2017

For patient information, click here

Scombrotoxic fish poisoning Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Differentiating Scombrotoxic fish poisoning from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Scombroid; histamine fish poisoning

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Differentiating Scombrotoxic fish poisoning from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

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