Zollinger-Ellison syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
The cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome has not been identified. However, 25 to 30 percent of [[Gastrinoma|gastrinomas]], which can cause Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, are caused by  multiple endocrine [[neoplasia]] type 1 ([[MEN1]]).
The cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome has not been identified. However, 25 to 30 percent of [[Gastrinoma|gastrinomas]], which can cause Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, are caused by  [[multiple endocrine neoplasia]] type 1 ([[MEN1]]).


==Causes==
==Causes==
*The cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome has not been identified. However, 25 to 30 percent of [[Gastrinoma|gastrinomas]], which can cause Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, are caused by multiple endocrine [[neoplasia]] type 1 ([[MEN1]]).<ref name="NIDDK">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/zollinger-ellison-syndrome/Pages/facts.aspx#causes</ref>
*The cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome has not been identified. However, 25 to 30 percent of [[Gastrinoma|gastrinomas]], which can cause Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, are caused by [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] ([[MEN1]]).<ref name="NIDDK">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/zollinger-ellison-syndrome/Pages/facts.aspx#causes</ref>


*Causes of Hypergastrinemia: <ref name="pmid21806955">{{cite journal| author=Metz DC| title=Diagnosis of the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. | journal=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2012 | volume= 10 | issue= 2 | pages= 126-30 | pmid=21806955 | doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2011.07.012 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21806955  }} </ref>
*Hypergastrinemia (an increased fasting serum [[gastrin]] level) is the hallmark of ZES. <ref name="pmid21806955">{{cite journal |vauthors=Metz DC |title=Diagnosis of the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=126–30 |year=2012 |pmid=21806955 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2011.07.012 |url=}}</ref>
:*'''Causes of Hypergastrinemia:''' <ref name="pmid21806955">{{cite journal| author=Metz DC| title=Diagnosis of the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. | journal=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2012 | volume= 10 | issue= 2 | pages= 126-30 | pmid=21806955 | doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2011.07.012 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21806955  }} </ref>


{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
{| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;"
| colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Causes of Hypergastrinemia'''}}
| style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" colspan="3" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Causes of Hypergastrinemia'''}}
|+  
|+  
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Appropriate hypergastrinemia}}
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan="1" | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Appropriate Hypergastrinemia}}
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Atrophic gastritis with or without pernicious anemia
*Antisecretory therapeutic regimen (PPIs or high-dose [[histamine]] H2-receptor antagonist)
*Antisecretory therapy (PPIs or high-dose histamine H2-receptor antagonist)
*Atrophic gastritis with or without [[pernicious anemia]]
*Chronic renal failure
*[[Helicobacter pylori]] pangastritis
*H pylori pangastritis
*Vagotomy
*Vagotomy
*[[Chronic renal failure |Renal failure (Chronic)]]
|-
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Inappropriate hypergastrinemia}}
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan="1" | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Inappropriate Hypergastrinemia}}
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*ZES (sporadic or associated with MEN-1)
*Antral-predominant [[Helicobacter pylori]] infection
*Antral-predominant H pylori infection
*ZES (sporadic or associated with [[MEN-1]])
*Retained-antrum syndrome
*Retained-antrum syndrome
*Gastric-outlet obstruction
*[[Gastric outlet obstruction]]
*Small-bowel resection
*Small-bowel resection
|-
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" colspan=1 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Spurious hypergastrinemia}}
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" colspan="1" | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Spurious hypergastrinemia}}
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Inaccurate assay
*Nonfasting patient
*Nonfasting patient
*Inaccurate assay
|-
|-
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 16:09, 11 October 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2] Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [3]

Overview

The cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome has not been identified. However, 25 to 30 percent of gastrinomas, which can cause Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, are caused by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).

Causes

  • Hypergastrinemia (an increased fasting serum gastrin level) is the hallmark of ZES. [2]
  • Causes of Hypergastrinemia: [2]
Causes of Hypergastrinemia
Appropriate Hypergastrinemia
Inappropriate Hypergastrinemia
Spurious hypergastrinemia
  • Inaccurate assay
  • Nonfasting patient

References

  1. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/zollinger-ellison-syndrome/Pages/facts.aspx#causes
  2. 2.0 2.1 Metz DC (2012). "Diagnosis of the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 10 (2): 126–30. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2011.07.012. PMID 21806955.

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