Gynecomastia historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Gynecomastia is derived from Greek words | Gynecomastia is derived from Greek words, "gyne" which means woman and "mastos" which means breast. The term was originally coined by Galen, a Greek [[physician]]. [[Gynecomastia]] has been a known concept since the days of Aristotle (384–322 BC). The surgical management was initially discussed by Paulus, a Greek physician and later modified by Al-Zahrawi or Albucasis, an Andalusian surgeon. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
The most important historical events related to gynecomastia diagnosis and treatment include:<ref name="pmid25996397">{{cite journal| author=| title=Reorganized text. | journal=JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2015 | volume= 141 | issue= 5 | pages= 428 | pmid=25996397 | doi=10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25996397 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20931210">{{cite journal| author=Hosseini SF, Alakbarli F, Ghabili K, Shoja MM| title=Hakim Esmail Jorjani (1042-1137 AD: ): Persian physician and jurist. | journal=Arch Gynecol Obstet | year= 2011 | volume= 284 | issue= 3 | pages= 647-50 | pmid=20931210 | doi=10.1007/s00404-010-1707-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20931210 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23050167">{{cite journal| author=Chavoushi SH, Ghabili K, Kazemi A, Aslanabadi A, Babapour S, Ahmedli R et al.| title=Surgery for Gynecomastia in the Islamic Golden Age: Al-Tasrif of Al-Zahrawi (936-1013 AD). | journal=ISRN Surg | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue= | pages= 934965 | pmid=23050167 | doi=10.5402/2012/934965 | pmc=3459224 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23050167 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20538533">{{cite journal| author=Papadakis M, Manios A, de Bree E, Trompoukis C, Tsiftsis DD| title=Gynaecomastia and scrotal rhacosis: two aesthetic surgical operations for men in Byzantine times. | journal=J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg | year= 2010 | volume= 63 | issue= 8 | pages= e600-4 | pmid=20538533 | doi=10.1016/j.bjps.2010.05.013 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20538533 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19484247">{{cite journal| author=Annajjar J| title=Abu Alkasem Al Zehrawi (Albucasis 936-1013). | journal=Childs Nerv Syst | year= 2010 | volume= 26 | issue= 7 | pages= 857-9 | pmid=19484247 | doi=10.1007/s00381-009-0912-9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19484247 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19970865">{{cite journal| author=Karsner HT| title=Gynecomastia. | journal=Am J Pathol | year= 1946 | volume= 22 | issue= 2 | pages= 235-315 | pmid=19970865 | doi= | pmc=1934190 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19970865 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20769701">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ingleby H |title=TWO CASES OF SO-CALLED GYNAECOMASTIA IN YOUNG BOYS |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=3072 |pages=631–2 |year=1919 |pmid=20769701 |pmc=2343807 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*The term [[gynecomastia]] was coined by Galen (130–200 AD), a Greek [[physician]] who described [[gynecomastia]] as an abnormal increase in [[fat]] within the male [[breast]]. | |||
*[[Gynecomastia]] is derived from Greek words; "gyne" which means woman and "mastos" which means [[breast]]. | |||
*[[Gynecomastia]] has been a known concept since the days of [[Aristotle]]. | |||
*In the 7th century, there is some evidence of surgical treatment of [[Gynecomastia (patient information)|gynecomastia]] by Paulus, a Greek physician. He is known for suggesting surgical treatment of [[gynecomastia]] for the first time in his Epitome of Medicine (Seven Books). | |||
*Haly Abbas later in the Islamic age described the surgical management of [[gynecomastia]] in his Kitab al-Maliki (The Royal Book). His work was based on that of Paulus of Aegina. | |||
*Al-Zahrawi or Albucasis, an Andalusian surgeon also provided the surgical treatment of [[gynecomastia]] after Paulus. | |||
*Four centuries later, Şerefeddin Sabuncuoğlu illustrated the surgical techniques for the management of [[gynecomastia]]. These techniques were based on the work by Paulus and Al-Zahrawi. | |||
*Al-Zahrawi's surgical management was thought to be based on those of Paulus. The modification of surgical approach and use of medicinal substances might be indicative of Al-Zahrawi's own practice of the procedure. | |||
*Al-Zahrawi's surgical management was practiced for many centuries. | |||
*The probable etiology of [[gynecomastia]] was not discussed by Paulus and Al-Zahrawi in their work. In current practice, surgery for [[gynecomastia]] is reserved after the underlying cause is treated or after the failure of [[medical treatment]]. | |||
*In the 18th century, Olpan, Schuchardt, and Gruber were among the prominent people who worked on [[gynecomastia]]. | |||
*In 1919, Dr. Helen Ingleby published two cases of gynecomastia. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 21:03, 9 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Husnain Shaukat, M.D [2]
Overview
Gynecomastia is derived from Greek words, "gyne" which means woman and "mastos" which means breast. The term was originally coined by Galen, a Greek physician. Gynecomastia has been a known concept since the days of Aristotle (384–322 BC). The surgical management was initially discussed by Paulus, a Greek physician and later modified by Al-Zahrawi or Albucasis, an Andalusian surgeon.
Historical Perspective
The most important historical events related to gynecomastia diagnosis and treatment include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
- The term gynecomastia was coined by Galen (130–200 AD), a Greek physician who described gynecomastia as an abnormal increase in fat within the male breast.
- Gynecomastia is derived from Greek words; "gyne" which means woman and "mastos" which means breast.
- Gynecomastia has been a known concept since the days of Aristotle.
- In the 7th century, there is some evidence of surgical treatment of gynecomastia by Paulus, a Greek physician. He is known for suggesting surgical treatment of gynecomastia for the first time in his Epitome of Medicine (Seven Books).
- Haly Abbas later in the Islamic age described the surgical management of gynecomastia in his Kitab al-Maliki (The Royal Book). His work was based on that of Paulus of Aegina.
- Al-Zahrawi or Albucasis, an Andalusian surgeon also provided the surgical treatment of gynecomastia after Paulus.
- Four centuries later, Şerefeddin Sabuncuoğlu illustrated the surgical techniques for the management of gynecomastia. These techniques were based on the work by Paulus and Al-Zahrawi.
- Al-Zahrawi's surgical management was thought to be based on those of Paulus. The modification of surgical approach and use of medicinal substances might be indicative of Al-Zahrawi's own practice of the procedure.
- Al-Zahrawi's surgical management was practiced for many centuries.
- The probable etiology of gynecomastia was not discussed by Paulus and Al-Zahrawi in their work. In current practice, surgery for gynecomastia is reserved after the underlying cause is treated or after the failure of medical treatment.
- In the 18th century, Olpan, Schuchardt, and Gruber were among the prominent people who worked on gynecomastia.
- In 1919, Dr. Helen Ingleby published two cases of gynecomastia.
References
- ↑ "Reorganized text". JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 141 (5): 428. 2015. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540. PMID 25996397.
- ↑ Hosseini SF, Alakbarli F, Ghabili K, Shoja MM (2011). "Hakim Esmail Jorjani (1042-1137 AD: ): Persian physician and jurist". Arch Gynecol Obstet. 284 (3): 647–50. doi:10.1007/s00404-010-1707-7. PMID 20931210.
- ↑ Chavoushi SH, Ghabili K, Kazemi A, Aslanabadi A, Babapour S, Ahmedli R; et al. (2012). "Surgery for Gynecomastia in the Islamic Golden Age: Al-Tasrif of Al-Zahrawi (936-1013 AD)". ISRN Surg. 2012: 934965. doi:10.5402/2012/934965. PMC 3459224. PMID 23050167.
- ↑ Papadakis M, Manios A, de Bree E, Trompoukis C, Tsiftsis DD (2010). "Gynaecomastia and scrotal rhacosis: two aesthetic surgical operations for men in Byzantine times". J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 63 (8): e600–4. doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2010.05.013. PMID 20538533.
- ↑ Annajjar J (2010). "Abu Alkasem Al Zehrawi (Albucasis 936-1013)". Childs Nerv Syst. 26 (7): 857–9. doi:10.1007/s00381-009-0912-9. PMID 19484247.
- ↑ Karsner HT (1946). "Gynecomastia". Am J Pathol. 22 (2): 235–315. PMC 1934190. PMID 19970865.
- ↑ Ingleby H (1919). "TWO CASES OF SO-CALLED GYNAECOMASTIA IN YOUNG BOYS". Br Med J. 2 (3072): 631–2. PMC 2343807. PMID 20769701.