Hypoglycemia history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MAD}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MAD}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Hypoglycemic symptoms and manifestations can be divided into those produced by the counterregulatory hormones: adrenergic | Hypoglycemic symptoms and manifestations can be divided into those produced by the counterregulatory hormones: adrenergic symptoms include [[anxiety]], [[nervousness]], [[tremor]], [[Palpitation]]s, [[Sweating]], coldness. Glucagon induced manifestations include [[Hunger]], [[Nausea|nausea]], [[vomit|vomiting.]] Neuroglycopenic Manifestations are [[irritability]], [[weakness]], [[apathy]], [[lethargy]], [[Confusion]], and [[amnesia]]. | ||
==History and symptoms== | ==History and symptoms== | ||
* Hypoglycemic symptoms | * Hypoglycemic symptoms can be divided into those produced by the [[Counterregulatory hormone|counterregulatory]] [[hormones]] ([[adrenaline]] and [[glucagon]]) triggered by the falling [[glucose]] and the neuroglycopenic effects produced by the reduced [[brain]] [[sugar]]. | ||
* | * Attacks may occur in the fasting or postprandial state. | ||
=== Common symptoms: === | === Common symptoms: === | ||
==== Adrenergic Manifestations <ref name="pmid8243825">{{cite journal| author=Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P| title=Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms. | journal=Diabetes | year= 1993 | volume= 42 | issue= 12 | pages= 1791-8 | pmid=8243825 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8243825 }}</ref><ref name="pmid1797507">{{cite journal| author=Hepburn DA, Deary IJ, Frier BM, Patrick AW, Quinn JD, Fisher BM| title=Symptoms of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans with and without IDDM. Factor-analysis approach. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 1991 | volume= 14 | issue= 11 | pages= 949-57 | pmid=1797507 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1797507 }}</ref> ==== | ==== Adrenergic Manifestations <ref name="pmid8243825">{{cite journal| author=Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P| title=Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms. | journal=Diabetes | year= 1993 | volume= 42 | issue= 12 | pages= 1791-8 | pmid=8243825 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8243825 }}</ref><ref name="pmid1797507">{{cite journal| author=Hepburn DA, Deary IJ, Frier BM, Patrick AW, Quinn JD, Fisher BM| title=Symptoms of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans with and without IDDM. Factor-analysis approach. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 1991 | volume= 14 | issue= 11 | pages= 949-57 | pmid=1797507 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1797507 }}</ref> ==== | ||
* | *[[Anxiety]], [[nervousness]], [[tremor]] | ||
*[[Palpitation]]s | *[[Palpitation]]s | ||
*[[Sweating]] | *[[Sweating]] | ||
==== Glucagon Manifestations ==== | ==== Glucagon Manifestations ==== | ||
*[[Hunger | *[[Hunger]] | ||
*[[Nausea]] | *[[Nausea]] and [[vomit]]ing | ||
*[[Abdominal pain|Abdominal discomfort]] | |||
=== Less common symptoms: === | === Less common symptoms: === | ||
==== Neuroglycopenic Manifestations <ref name="pmid82438252">{{cite journal| author=Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P| title=Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms. | journal=Diabetes | year= 1993 | volume= 42 | issue= 12 | pages= 1791-8 | pmid=8243825 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8243825 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17404614">{{cite journal| author=Cryer PE| title=Hypoglycemia, functional brain failure, and brain death. | journal=J Clin Invest | year= 2007 | volume= 117 | issue= 4 | pages= 868-70 | pmid=17404614 | doi=10.1172/JCI31669 | pmc=1838950 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17404614 }}</ref> ==== | ==== Neuroglycopenic Manifestations <ref name="pmid82438252">{{cite journal| author=Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P| title=Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms. | journal=Diabetes | year= 1993 | volume= 42 | issue= 12 | pages= 1791-8 | pmid=8243825 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8243825 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17404614">{{cite journal| author=Cryer PE| title=Hypoglycemia, functional brain failure, and brain death. | journal=J Clin Invest | year= 2007 | volume= 117 | issue= 4 | pages= 868-70 | pmid=17404614 | doi=10.1172/JCI31669 | pmc=1838950 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17404614 }}</ref> ==== | ||
*Nonspecific [[dysphoria]] | *Nonspecific symptoms, such as [[dysphoria]] and [[anxiety]] | ||
* | *[[Irritability]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Fatigue (physical)|Fatigue]], [[weakness]], [[apathy]], [[lethargy]], daydreaming | ||
*[[Confusion]], [[amnesia]], [[dizziness]], [[delirium]] | *[[Confusion]], [[amnesia]], [[dizziness]], [[delirium]] | ||
*[[Blurred vision]], [[diplopia|double vision]] | *[[Blurred vision]], [[diplopia|double vision]] | ||
* | *[[Slurred speech]] | ||
*[[Paresthesia]]s | *[[Paresthesia]]s | ||
*[[Headache]] | |||
*[[Stupor]] | *[[Stupor]] | ||
*Generalized or focal [[seizure]]s | *Generalized or focal [[seizure]]s | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 20:29, 15 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[2]
Overview
Hypoglycemic symptoms and manifestations can be divided into those produced by the counterregulatory hormones: adrenergic symptoms include anxiety, nervousness, tremor, Palpitations, Sweating, coldness. Glucagon induced manifestations include Hunger, nausea, vomiting. Neuroglycopenic Manifestations are irritability, weakness, apathy, lethargy, Confusion, and amnesia.
History and symptoms
- Hypoglycemic symptoms can be divided into those produced by the counterregulatory hormones (adrenaline and glucagon) triggered by the falling glucose and the neuroglycopenic effects produced by the reduced brain sugar.
- Attacks may occur in the fasting or postprandial state.
Common symptoms:
Adrenergic Manifestations [1][2]
Glucagon Manifestations
Less common symptoms:
Neuroglycopenic Manifestations [3][4]
- Nonspecific symptoms, such as dysphoria and anxiety
- Irritability
- Fatigue, weakness, apathy, lethargy, daydreaming
- Confusion, amnesia, dizziness, delirium
- Blurred vision, double vision
- Slurred speech
- Paresthesias
- Headache
- Stupor
- Generalized or focal seizures
References
- ↑ Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P (1993). "Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms". Diabetes. 42 (12): 1791–8. PMID 8243825.
- ↑ Hepburn DA, Deary IJ, Frier BM, Patrick AW, Quinn JD, Fisher BM (1991). "Symptoms of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans with and without IDDM. Factor-analysis approach". Diabetes Care. 14 (11): 949–57. PMID 1797507.
- ↑ Towler DA, Havlin CE, Craft S, Cryer P (1993). "Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms". Diabetes. 42 (12): 1791–8. PMID 8243825.
- ↑ Cryer PE (2007). "Hypoglycemia, functional brain failure, and brain death". J Clin Invest. 117 (4): 868–70. doi:10.1172/JCI31669. PMC 1838950. PMID 17404614.