Plummer-Vinson syndrome causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown; however, iron deficiency anemia, [[Genetics|genetic]] factors and [[nutrition|nutritional deficiencies]] may play a role. Iron deficiency anemia is the most widely regarded cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome and can be due to increased iron | The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown; however, [[iron deficiency anemia]], [[Genetics|genetic]] factors and [[nutrition|nutritional deficiencies]] may play a role. [[Iron deficiency anemia]] is the most widely regarded cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome and can be due to increased [[iron]] demand, decreased intake and [[malabsorption]] [[syndromes]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown; however, iron deficiency anemia, [[Genetics|genetic]] factors and [[nutrition|nutritional deficiencies]] may play a role. Iron deficiency anemia is the most widely regarded cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome and can be due to: | The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown; however, [[iron deficiency anemia]], [[Genetics|genetic]] factors and [[nutrition|nutritional deficiencies]] may play a role. [[Iron deficiency anemia]] is the most widely regarded cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome and can be due to: | ||
===Common causes=== | ===Common causes=== | ||
Common causes of iron deficiency anemia associated with Plummer-Vinson syndrome are: | Common causes of iron deficiency anemia associated with Plummer-Vinson syndrome include conditions which lead to [[iron]] demand, decreased intake and [[Malabsorption syndrome|malabsorption syndromes]]. These conditions are described below:<ref name="pmid16978405">{{cite journal |author=Novacek G |title=Plummer-Vinson syndrome |journal=Orphanet J Rare Dis |volume=1 |issue= |pages=36 |year=2006 |pmid=16978405 |doi=10.1186/1750-1172-1-36 |url=http://www.ojrd.com/content/1//36}}</ref><ref name="pmid26658794">{{cite journal |vauthors=Changela K, Haeri NS, Krishnaiah M, Reddy M |title=Plummer-Vinson Syndrome with Proximal Esophageal Web |journal=J. Gastrointest. Surg. |volume=20 |issue=5 |pages=1074–5 |year=2016 |pmid=26658794 |doi=10.1007/s11605-015-3051-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26411779">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sugiura Y, Nakagawa M, Hashizume T, Nemoto E, Kaseda S |title=Iron Supplementation Improved Dysphagia Related to Plummer-Vinson Syndrome |journal=Keio J Med |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=48–50 |year=2015 |pmid=26411779 |doi=10.2302/kjm.2014-0011-CR |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23707464">{{cite journal |vauthors=Masri O, Sharara AI |title=Plummer-Vinson syndrome |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=11 |issue=12 |pages=e85 |year=2013 |pmid=23707464 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2013.05.012 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19879220">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zimmer V, Buecker A, Lammert F |title=Sideropenic dysphagia |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=137 |issue=6 |pages=e1–2 |year=2009 |pmid=19879220 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.051 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Physiological conditions with increased iron requirements | |||
*Physiological conditions with increased [[iron]] requirements such as: | |||
** [[Growth]] | ** [[Growth]] | ||
** [[Pregnancy]] | ** [[Pregnancy]] | ||
** Frequent blood donation | ** Frequent [[blood donation]] | ||
*Conditions promoting blood loss leads to an increased demand of iron by the body. These include: | *Conditions promoting blood loss leads to an increased demand of iron by the body. These include: | ||
** Menstruation | ** [[Menstruation]] | ||
** Gastrointestinal tract disorders such as: | ** [[Gastrointestinal tract]] disorders such as: | ||
**:* | **:*[[Peptic ulcers]] | ||
**:*[[Hemorrhoid]]s | **:*[[Hemorrhoid]]s | ||
**:*[[Esophageal varices]] | **:*[[Esophageal varices]] | ||
**:*NSAIDs ([[aspirin]],[[ibuprofen]] | **:*NSAIDs ([[aspirin]],[[ibuprofen]]) | ||
**:*Cancer | **:*[[Esophageal cancer|Cancer of esophagus]], [[Stomach cancer|stomach]], or [[Colorectal cancer|colon]] | ||
**:*[[Hookworm]]s | **:*[[Hookworm]]s | ||
**[[Genitourinary tract]] disorders such as: | **[[Genitourinary tract]] disorders such as: | ||
**:*Glomerulonephritis | **:*[[Glomerulonephritis]] | ||
**:*Renal calculi | **:*[[Renal calculi]] | ||
** Hemoptysis (alveolar hemorrhage) | **:*[[Renal carcinoma|Renal]] or [[bladder carcinoma]] | ||
**Nosocomial blood loss | ** [[Hemoptysis]] (alveolar hemorrhage) | ||
**Following gastric or small bowel surgery: due to loss of gastric acidity, increased transit time for food, and decreased absorption of iron | **[[Nosocomial]] [[blood loss]]; [[phlebotomy]] for diagnostic tests in hospitalized patients | ||
*Conditions leading to impaired iron absorption | **Following [[gastric]] or [[small bowel]] surgery: due to [[Achlorhydria|loss of gastric acidity]], increased transit time for food, and decreased [[absorption]] of [[iron]] | ||
*Conditions leading to impaired [[iron]] absorption | |||
**[[Celiac disease]] | **[[Celiac disease]] | ||
**Tropical sprue | **[[Tropical sprue]] | ||
**[[Gastric surgery]] | **[[Gastric]] [[surgery]] | ||
**[[Hypochlorhydria]] | **[[Hypochlorhydria]] | ||
**Taking too many antacids that contain [[calcium]] | **Taking too many antacids that contain [[calcium]] | ||
**Whipple disease | **[[Whipple disease]] | ||
**Kwashiorkor disease | **[[Kwashiorkor|Kwashiorkor disease]] | ||
**Alcoholism | **[[Alcoholism]] | ||
===Less common causes=== | ===Less common causes=== | ||
*Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia | *[[Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia]] (recurrent [[hemorrhage]]) | ||
*Intravascular hemolysis | *[[Intravascular]] [[hemolysis]] ([[paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]) | ||
*Iatrogenic causes such as frequent blood draws, particularly in hospitalized patients | *[[Iatrogenic]] causes such as frequent blood draws, particularly in hospitalized patients | ||
*Inadequate diet in children (excessive consumption of whole cow's milk) | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 18:07, 24 November 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Akshun Kalia M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown; however, iron deficiency anemia, genetic factors and nutritional deficiencies may play a role. Iron deficiency anemia is the most widely regarded cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome and can be due to increased iron demand, decreased intake and malabsorption syndromes.
Causes
The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown; however, iron deficiency anemia, genetic factors and nutritional deficiencies may play a role. Iron deficiency anemia is the most widely regarded cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome and can be due to:
Common causes
Common causes of iron deficiency anemia associated with Plummer-Vinson syndrome include conditions which lead to iron demand, decreased intake and malabsorption syndromes. These conditions are described below:[1][2][3][4][5]
- Physiological conditions with increased iron requirements such as:
- Growth
- Pregnancy
- Frequent blood donation
- Conditions promoting blood loss leads to an increased demand of iron by the body. These include:
- Menstruation
- Gastrointestinal tract disorders such as:
- Genitourinary tract disorders such as:
- Hemoptysis (alveolar hemorrhage)
- Nosocomial blood loss; phlebotomy for diagnostic tests in hospitalized patients
- Following gastric or small bowel surgery: due to loss of gastric acidity, increased transit time for food, and decreased absorption of iron
- Conditions leading to impaired iron absorption
- Celiac disease
- Tropical sprue
- Gastric surgery
- Hypochlorhydria
- Taking too many antacids that contain calcium
- Whipple disease
- Kwashiorkor disease
- Alcoholism
Less common causes
- Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (recurrent hemorrhage)
- Intravascular hemolysis (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)
- Iatrogenic causes such as frequent blood draws, particularly in hospitalized patients
- Inadequate diet in children (excessive consumption of whole cow's milk)
References
- ↑ Novacek G (2006). "Plummer-Vinson syndrome". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 1: 36. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-36. PMID 16978405.
- ↑ Changela K, Haeri NS, Krishnaiah M, Reddy M (2016). "Plummer-Vinson Syndrome with Proximal Esophageal Web". J. Gastrointest. Surg. 20 (5): 1074–5. doi:10.1007/s11605-015-3051-5. PMID 26658794.
- ↑ Sugiura Y, Nakagawa M, Hashizume T, Nemoto E, Kaseda S (2015). "Iron Supplementation Improved Dysphagia Related to Plummer-Vinson Syndrome". Keio J Med. 64 (3): 48–50. doi:10.2302/kjm.2014-0011-CR. PMID 26411779.
- ↑ Masri O, Sharara AI (2013). "Plummer-Vinson syndrome". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11 (12): e85. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.05.012. PMID 23707464.
- ↑ Zimmer V, Buecker A, Lammert F (2009). "Sideropenic dysphagia". Gastroenterology. 137 (6): e1–2. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.051. PMID 19879220.