Budd-Chiari syndrome (patient information)

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Budd-Chiari syndrome
Overview
What are the symptoms?
What are the causes?
Diagnosis
When to seek urgent medical care?
Treatment options
Where to find medical care for Budd-Chiari syndrome?
Possible complications
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Hepatic vein obstruction is a blockage of the hepatic vein, which carries blood away from the liver.

What are the symptoms of Budd-Chiari syndrome?

Symptoms of Budd-Chiari syndrome include the following:

• Abdominal swelling or stretching
• Pain in the right upper abdomen
• Vomiting blood
• Yellowing of the skin (jaundice)

What causes Budd-Chiari syndrome?

Hepatic vein obstruction prevents blood from flowing out of the liver and back to the heart. This blockage can cause liver damage. Obstruction of this vein can be caused by a tumor or growth pressing on the vessel, or by a clot in the vessel (hepatic vein thrombosis).

Most often, it is caused by conditions that make blood clots more likely to form, including:

• Abnormal growth of cells in the bone marrow (myeloproliferative disorders)
• Cancers
• Chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases
• Infections
• Inherited (hereditary) or acquired problems with blood clotting
• Oral contraceptives
• Pregnancy

Hepatic vein obstruction is the most common cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Diagnosis

One of the signs are swelling of the abdomen from fluid buildup (ascites). The liver is often swollen and tender.

Tests include the following:

• CT scan or MRI of the abdomen
• Doppler ultrasound of the liver veins
• Liver biopsy
• Liver function tests
• Ultrasound of the liver

When to seek urgent medical care?

Call your health care provider if:

• You have symptoms of hepatic vein obstruction
• You are being treated for this condition and you develop new symptoms

Treatment options

Treatment varies, depending on the cause of the blockage.

Recommendations include the following medicines:

• Blood-thinners (anticoagulants)
• Clot-busting drugs (thrombolytic treatment)
• Medicines to treat liver disease, including ascites

Surgery may be recommended. This may involve:

• Angioplasty and stent placement
• Liver transplant
• Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS)
• Venous shunt surgery

Where to find medical care for Budd-Chiari syndrome?

Directions to Hospitals Treating Budd-Chiari syndrome

Possible complications

Hepatic vein obstruction can get worse and lead to liver failure, which can be life-threatening.

Sources

National Library of Medicine