Anxiety history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

The most common symptoms of anxiety disorders is inappropriate worry about multiple factors, restlessness, fatigue, insomnia, and impairment in functioning of the individual. As per DSM-V criteria, these symptoms must be present for a duration of at least six months and not explained by any other mental or medical disorder.

Symptoms

The following table enlists symptoms of various anxiety disorders:

Disorder	Symptoms
Generalized anxiety disorders	Excessive worry about multiple life events for a period of at least six months. The worry is disproportionate compared to the actual stressor The anxiety is associated with three or more of the following symptoms: Restlessness Fatigue Irritability Sleep disturbances Muscle tension Difficulty concentrating
Separation anxiety disorder	More common in children Recurrent excessive worry when anticipating or experiencing separation from home or major attachment figures Persistent worry about losing major attachment figures or about possible harm to them Repeated nightmares involving theme of separation Physical symptoms such as headaches, abdominal pain and other GI symptoms such as nausea and vomiting when separation from major attachment figures is anticipated. The disturbance has major limitation on functioning in social, occupational or academic setting The disturbance is not explained by any other mental disorder
Panic disorder	Palpitations Sweating Shaking Chest pain Shortness of breath Dizziness Paresthesias Fear of going crazy Depersonalization Fear of dying The disturbance is not attributed to any other mental disorder The disorder is not due to physiologic effect of a substance The disturbance has major limitation on functioning in social, occupational or academic setting
Social anxiety disorder	Excessive anxiety about social situations where the individual is worried about scrutiny by others Excessive anxiety in social situations such as having a conversation, parties, performing in front of a crowd(e.g.,Public speaking) Avoidance of social situations The anxiety significantly impairs functioning in all aspects of life The anxiety is not due to any other mental, medical or substance abuse
Agoraphobia	Fear of places or circumstances , where an individual perceives as difficult to escape Marked fear of the following situations: Being in open spaces Being outside alone Being in closed spaces(e.g., Cinemas, shops), which the individual perceives escape is difficult in case of an emergency Being in crowded places (e.g., public transportation, buses, trains) The disorder causes significant disturtbance in important areas of functioning The disorder is not explained by any other mental disorder
Substance/medication induced anxiety disorder	Symptoms of worry beginning during or aftersubstance intoxication or after taking a medication There is evidence from the history, physical examination ,or laboratory findings of symptoms like anxiety and panic attack developed during or soon after substance intoxication or withdrawal or exposure to a medication The disorder is not due to delirium The disorder causes significant functional impairment
Selective mutism	Failure to speak in certain situations in which there is an expectation for speaking(e.g., school) but is able to speak at home The failure to speak is not due to lack of knowledge or language impairment The duration lasts atleast a month The disorder does not occur during the course of autism spectrum disorder , schizophrenia or any other psychotic disorder
Specific phobia	Persistent fear of a certain object or situation(e.g., fear of heights, fear of animals) The fear or avoidance behavior lasts atleast for six months The fear is out of proportion to the actual stressor The fear causes significant functional impairment
Anxiety due to another medical condition	Fear is due to direct result of a medical condition Anxiety and panic attacks The disorder does not occur during the course of a delirium The disorder not attributed to any other mental disorder The disorder causes significant functional impairment
Unspecified anxiety disorder	This classification applies to conditions in which anxiety is predominant but do not meet full criteria for any of the disorders in the DSM-5 classification ofanxiety disorders

References

Hamilton JL, Potter CM, Olino TM, Abramson LY, Heimberg RG, Alloy LB (2016). "The Temporal Sequence of Social Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Following Interpersonal Stressors During Adolescence". J Abnorm Child Psychol. 44 (3): 495–509. doi:10.1007/s10802-015-0049-0. PMC 4701637. PMID 26142495. Kouros CD, Quasem S, Garber J (2013). "Dynamic temporal relations between anxious and depressive symptoms across adolescence". Dev. Psychopathol. 25 (3): 683–97. doi:10.1017/S0954579413000102. PMC 4586116. PMID 23880385.