PRKRA: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
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'''Protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator''', also known as '''interferon-inducible double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A''' or  '''<u>P</u>rotein <u>ACT</u>ivator of the interferon-induced protein kinase''' ('''PACT''') is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''PRKRA'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PRKRA protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8575| accessdate = }}</ref><ref name="pmid9687506"/><ref name="pmid10336432">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ito T, Yang M, May WS | title = RAX, a cellular activator for double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase during stress signaling | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 274 | issue = 22 | pages = 15427–32 |date=May 1999 | pmid = 10336432 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.274.22.15427| url = | issn = }}</ref> PACT heterodimerizes with and activates [[protein kinase R]].<ref name="pmid9687506">{{cite journal | vauthors = Patel RC, Sen GC | title = PACT, a protein activator of the interferon-induced protein kinase, PKR | journal = EMBO J. | volume = 17 | issue = 15 | pages = 4379–90 |date=August 1998 | pmid = 9687506 | pmc = 1170771 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/17.15.4379 | url = | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid11985496">{{cite journal | vauthors = Huang X, Hutchins B, Patel RC | title = The C-terminal, third conserved motif of the protein activator PACT plays an essential role in the activation of double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) | journal = Biochem. J. | volume = 366 | issue = Pt 1 | pages = 175–86 |date=August 2002 | pmid = 11985496 | pmc = 1222748 | doi = 10.1042/BJ20020204 | url = | issn = }}</ref>
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PRKRA mutations have been linked to a rare form of dystonia parkinsonism.<ref name="pmid18243799">{{cite journal | vauthors = Camargos S, Scholz S, Simón-Sánchez J, Paisán-Ruiz C, Lewis P, Hernandez D, Ding J, Gibbs JR, Cookson MR, Bras J, Guerreiro R, Oliveira CR, Lees A, Hardy J, Cardoso F, Singleton AB | title = DYT16, a novel young-onset dystonia-parkinsonism disorder: identification of a segregating mutation in the stress-response protein PRKRA | journal = Lancet Neurology | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 207–215 |date=March 2008 | pmid = 18243799 | doi = 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70022-X | url = | issn = }}</ref>
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
==References==
{{GNF_Protein_box
{{reflist}}
| image = PBB_Protein_PRKRA_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 2dix.
| PDB = {{PDB2|2dix}}
| Name = Protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator
| HGNCid = 9438
| Symbol = PRKRA
| AltSymbols =; HSD14; PACT; RAX
| OMIM = 603424
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 2738
| MGIid = 1344375
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PRKRA_209139_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003725 |text = double-stranded RNA binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008047 |text = enzyme activator activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005622 |text = intracellular}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006917 |text = induction of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006950 |text = response to stress}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008285 |text = negative regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0009615 |text = response to virus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042473 |text = outer ear morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042474 |text = middle ear morphogenesis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048705 |text = skeletal morphogenesis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 8575
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000180228
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003681
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003690
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 2
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 179004396
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 179024110
    | Hs_Uniprot = O75569
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 23992
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000002731
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011871
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_036001
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 76430778
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 76448841
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q9WTX2
  }}
}}
'''Protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator''', also known as '''PRKRA''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PRKRA protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8575| accessdate = }}</ref>
 
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{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text =
}}


==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading  
{{PBB_Further_reading  
| citations =  
| citations =  
*{{cite journal  | author=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 171-4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Maruyama K, Sugano S |title=Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. |journal=Gene |volume=138 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 171–4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8125298 |doi=10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Simons A, Melamed-Bessudo C, Wolkowicz R, ''et al.'' |title=PACT: cloning and characterization of a cellular p53 binding protein that interacts with Rb. |journal=Oncogene |volume=14 |issue= 2 |pages= 145-55 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9010216 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1200825 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, etal |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 149–56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, ''et al.'' |title=Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. |journal=Gene |volume=200 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 149-56 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9373149 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Peters GA, Hartmann R, Qin J, etal |title=Modular structure of PACT:  distinct domains for binding and activating PKR |journal=Mol Cell Biol  |volume=21 |issue= 6 |pages= 1908–20 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11238927 |doi=10.1128/MCB.21.6.1908-1920.2001 |pmc=86773}}
*{{cite journal | author=Patel RC, Sen GC |title=PACT, a protein activator of the interferon-induced protein kinase, PKR. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=17 |issue= 15 |pages= 4379-90 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9687506 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/17.15.4379 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, etal |title=Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs |journal=Genome Res. |volume=11 |issue= 3 |pages= 422–35 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11230166 |doi= 10.1101/gr.GR1547R  | pmc=311072 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ito T, Yang M, May WS |title=RAX, a cellular activator for double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase during stress signaling. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=274 |issue= 22 |pages= 15427-32 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10336432 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, etal |title=Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing |journal=EMBO Rep. |volume=1 |issue= 3 |pages= 287–92 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11256614 |doi= 10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058 | pmc=1083732 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, ''et al.'' |title=Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=11 |issue= 3 |pages= 422-35 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11230166 |doi= 10.1101/gr.154701 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Horng T, Barton GM, Medzhitov R |title=TIRAP: an adapter molecule in the Toll signaling pathway |journal=Nat. Immunol. |volume=2 |issue= 9 |pages= 835–41 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11526399 |doi= 10.1038/ni0901-835 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, ''et al.'' |title=Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing. |journal=EMBO Rep. |volume=1 |issue= 3 |pages= 287-92 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11256614 |doi= 10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Huang X, Hutchins B, Patel RC |title=The C-terminal, third conserved motif of the protein activator PACT plays an essential role in the activation of double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=366 |issue= Pt 1 |pages= 175–86 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11985496 |doi= 10.1042/BJ20020204  | pmc=1222748 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Horng T, Barton GM, Medzhitov R |title=TIRAP: an adapter molecule in the Toll signaling pathway. |journal=Nat. Immunol. |volume=2 |issue= 9 |pages= 835-41 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11526399 |doi= 10.1038/ni0901-835 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Peters GA, Khoo D, Mohr I, Sen GC |title=Inhibition of PACT-mediated activation of PKR by the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us11 protein |journal=J. Virol. |volume=76 |issue= 21 |pages= 11054–64 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12368348 |doi=10.1128/JVI.76.21.11054-11064.2002  | pmc=136652  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Huang X, Hutchins B, Patel RC |title=The C-terminal, third conserved motif of the protein activator PACT plays an essential role in the activation of double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=366 |issue= Pt 1 |pages= 175-86 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11985496 |doi= 10.1042/BJ20020204 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899  | pmc=139241 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Peters GA, Khoo D, Mohr I, Sen GC |title=Inhibition of PACT-mediated activation of PKR by the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us11 protein. |journal=J. Virol. |volume=76 |issue= 21 |pages= 11054-64 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12368348 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Yang M, Ito T, May WS |title=A novel role for RAX, the cellular activator of PKR, in synergistically stimulating SV40 large T antigen-dependent gene expression |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 40 |pages= 38325–32 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12874289 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M303420200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899-903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Yang M, Ito T, May WS |title=A novel role for RAX, the cellular activator of PKR, in synergistically stimulating SV40 large T antigen-dependent gene expression. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 40 |pages= 38325-32 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12874289 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M303420200 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Bennett RL, Blalock WL, May WS |title=Serine 18 phosphorylation of RAX, the PKR activator, is required for PKR activation and consequent translation inhibition |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 41 |pages= 42687–93 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15299031 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M403321200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, ''et al.'' |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40-5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504  | pmc=528928 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bennett RL, Blalock WL, May WS |title=Serine 18 phosphorylation of RAX, the PKR activator, is required for PKR activation and consequent translation inhibition. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 41 |pages= 42687-93 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15299031 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M403321200 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, etal |title=Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4 |journal=Nature |volume=434 |issue= 7034 |pages= 724–31 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15815621 |doi= 10.1038/nature03466 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, ''et al.'' |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, etal |title=A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome |journal=Cell |volume=122 |issue= 6 |pages= 957–68 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16169070 |doi= 10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, ''et al.'' |title=Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. |journal=Nature |volume=434 |issue= 7034 |pages= 724-31 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15815621 |doi= 10.1038/nature03466 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, etal |title=Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network |journal=Nature |volume=437 |issue= 7062 |pages= 1173–8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16189514 |doi= 10.1038/nature04209 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Stelzl U, Worm U, Lalowski M, ''et al.'' |title=A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome. |journal=Cell |volume=122 |issue= 6 |pages= 957-68 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16169070 |doi= 10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.029 }}
*{{cite journal  | vauthors=Peters GA, Li S, Sen GC |title=Phosphorylation of specific serine residues in the PKR-activation domain of PACT is essential for its ability to mediate apoptosis |journal=J Biol Chem |volume=281 |issue= 46 |pages= 35129–36 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16982605 |doi=10.1074/jbc.M607714200}}
*{{cite journal | author=Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, ''et al.'' |title=Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network. |journal=Nature |volume=437 |issue= 7062 |pages= 1173-8 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16189514 |doi= 10.1038/nature04209 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Rowe TM, Rizzi M, Hirose K, Peters GA, etal |title=A role of the double-stranded RNA-binding protein PACT in mouse ear development and hearing|journal=Proc Natl Acad  Sci USA  |volume=103 |issue= 15 |pages= 5823–8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16571658 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0601287103 |pmc=1458657}}
*{{cite journal | author=Lee Y, Hur I, Park SY, ''et al.'' |title=The role of PACT in the RNA silencing pathway. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=25 |issue= 3 |pages= 522-32 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16424907 |doi= 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600942 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Li S, Peters GA, Ding K, etal |title=Molecular basis for PKR activation by PACT or dsRNA|journal=Proc Natl Acad  Sci USA  |volume=103 |issue= 26 |pages= 10005–10 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16785445 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0602317103 |pmc=1502496}}
*{{cite journal | author=Bennett RL, Blalock WL, Abtahi DM, ''et al.'' |title=RAX, the PKR activator, sensitizes cells to inflammatory cytokines, serum withdrawal, chemotherapy, and viral infection. |journal=Blood |volume=108 |issue= 3 |pages= 821-9 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16861340 |doi= 10.1182/blood-2005-11-006817 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Lee Y, Hur I, Park SY, etal |title=The role of PACT in the RNA silencing pathway |journal=EMBO J. |volume=25 |issue= 3 |pages= 522–32 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16424907 |doi= 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600942  | pmc=1383527 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Bennett RL, Blalock WL, Abtahi DM, etal |title=RAX, the PKR activator, sensitizes cells to inflammatory cytokines, serum withdrawal, chemotherapy, and viral infection |journal=Blood |volume=108 |issue= 3 |pages= 821–9 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16861340 |doi= 10.1182/blood-2005-11-006817  | pmc=1617065 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Peters GA, Seachrist DD, Keri RA, etal |title=The double-stranded RNA-binding protein, PACT, is required for postnatal anterior pituitary proliferation |journal=Proc Natl Acad  Sci USA  |volume=106 |issue= 26 |pages= 10696–701 |year= 2009 |pmid= 19541653 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0900735106 |pmc=2705576}}
 
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{{PDB Gallery|geneid=8575}}
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Latest revision as of 20:48, 9 September 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator, also known as interferon-inducible double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A or Protein ACTivator of the interferon-induced protein kinase (PACT) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRKRA gene.[1][2][3] PACT heterodimerizes with and activates protein kinase R.[2][4] PRKRA mutations have been linked to a rare form of dystonia parkinsonism.[5]

References

  1. ↑ "Entrez Gene: PRKRA protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent activator".
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Patel RC, Sen GC (August 1998). "PACT, a protein activator of the interferon-induced protein kinase, PKR". EMBO J. 17 (15): 4379–90. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.15.4379. PMC 1170771. PMID 9687506.
  3. ↑ Ito T, Yang M, May WS (May 1999). "RAX, a cellular activator for double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase during stress signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (22): 15427–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.22.15427. PMID 10336432.
  4. ↑ Huang X, Hutchins B, Patel RC (August 2002). "The C-terminal, third conserved motif of the protein activator PACT plays an essential role in the activation of double-stranded-RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)". Biochem. J. 366 (Pt 1): 175–86. doi:10.1042/BJ20020204. PMC 1222748. PMID 11985496.
  5. ↑ Camargos S, Scholz S, Simón-Sánchez J, Paisán-Ruiz C, Lewis P, Hernandez D, Ding J, Gibbs JR, Cookson MR, Bras J, Guerreiro R, Oliveira CR, Lees A, Hardy J, Cardoso F, Singleton AB (March 2008). "DYT16, a novel young-onset dystonia-parkinsonism disorder: identification of a segregating mutation in the stress-response protein PRKRA". Lancet Neurology. 7 (3): 207–215. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70022-X. PMID 18243799.

Further reading



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