Linitis plastica other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 20:08, 16 January 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]

Overview

Brush cytology may be helpful in the diagnosis of linitis plastica and its complications. Brush cytology has the ability to increase the sensitivity of even a single biopsy carried out by endoscopic ultrasound. If bleeding is a concern in the patient, brush cytology is able to take samples of the mucosa without causing bleeds. Immunohistochemical staining then confirms the diagnosis of linitis plastica by the detection of signet ring cells. Peritoneal cytology can also be useful in those that are negative for metastasis elsewhere.

Other Diagnostic Studies

Brush cytology

Brush cytology with immunohistochemical staining may be helpful in the diagnosis of linitis plastica.^[1]
Brush cytology has the following advantages:
- No risk of bleeding
- Increased sensitivity of single biopsy
- Sensitive to poorly differentiated linits plastica

References

↑ Wang HH, Jonasson JG, Ducatman BS (1991). "Brushing cytology of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Obsolete or not?". Acta Cytol. 35 (2): 195–8. PMID 2028694.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid2028694-1] Wang HH, Jonasson JG, Ducatman BS (1991). "Brushing cytology of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Obsolete or not?". Acta Cytol. 35 (2): 195–8. PMID 2028694.

[1]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ==Overview==
-Brush cytology may be helpful in the diagnosis of linitis plastica and its complications. Brush cytology has the ability to increase the [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]] of even a single [[biopsy]] carried out by [[endoscopic ultrasound]]. If bleeding is a concern in the patient, brush cytology is able to take samples of the [[Mucous membrane|mucosa]] without causing bleeds. [[Immunohistochemistry|Immunohistochemical staining]] then confirms the diagnosis of linitis plastica by the detection of [[Signet cell|signet ring cells]]. Peritoneal cytology can also be useful in those that are negative for [[metastasis]] elsewhere. [[Genetic testing]] can be carried out in those who have family history of hereditary diffuse gastric [[adenocarcinoma]] and are postive for [[CDH1 (gene)|CDH1 gene]] mutation. The risk for developing [[Stomach cancer|gastric cancer]] is high enough to warrant prophylactic [[gastrectomy]] in these patients.
+Brush cytology may be helpful in the diagnosis of linitis plastica and its complications. Brush cytology has the ability to increase the [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]] of even a single [[biopsy]] carried out by [[endoscopic ultrasound]]. If bleeding is a concern in the patient, brush cytology is able to take samples of the [[Mucous membrane|mucosa]] without causing bleeds. [[Immunohistochemistry|Immunohistochemical staining]] then confirms the diagnosis of linitis plastica by the detection of [[Signet cell|signet ring cells]]. Peritoneal cytology can also be useful in those that are negative for [[metastasis]] elsewhere.
 ==Other Diagnostic Studies==
 ===Brush cytology===
-*Brush cytology with immunohistochemical staining may be helpful in the diagnosis of linitis plastica.<ref name="pmid2028694">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang HH, Jonasson JG, Ducatman BS |title=Brushing cytology of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Obsolete or not? |journal=Acta Cytol. |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=195–8 |year=1991 |pmid=2028694 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+*Brush cytology with [[Immunohistochemistry|immunohistochemical staining]] may be helpful in the diagnosis of linitis plastica.<ref name="pmid2028694">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wang HH, Jonasson JG, Ducatman BS |title=Brushing cytology of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Obsolete or not? |journal=Acta Cytol. |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=195–8 |year=1991 |pmid=2028694 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 *Brush cytology has the following advantages:
 **No risk of bleeding
-**Increased sensitivity of single biopsy
+**Increased [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]] of single biopsy
 **Sensitive to poorly differentiated linits plastica
-===Genetic testing===
-*CDH1 mutation is detected in 15 - 50 percent of those with hereditary diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma.<ref name="pmid11443625">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chun YS, Lindor NM, Smyrk TC, Petersen BT, Burgart LJ, Guilford PJ, Donohue JH |title=Germline E-cadherin gene mutations: is prophylactic total gastrectomy indicated? |journal=Cancer |volume=92 |issue=1 |pages=181–7 |year=2001 |pmid=11443625 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17522512">{{cite journal |vauthors=Norton JA, Ham CM, Van Dam J, Jeffrey RB, Longacre TA, Huntsman DG, Chun N, Kurian AW, Ford JM |title=CDH1 truncating mutations in the E-cadherin gene: an indication for total gastrectomy to treat hereditary diffuse gastric cancer |journal=Ann. Surg. |volume=245 |issue=6 |pages=873–9 |year=2007 |pmid=17522512 |pmc=1876967 |doi=10.1097/01.sla.0000254370.29893.e4 |url=}}</ref>
-*The risk of developing diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma in an individual with CDH1 mutation is 70 percent in men and up to 56 percent in women.
-*In 2015, the IGCLC (International Gastric Cancer Linkage Consortium) established criteria for CDH1 mutation testing.A blood or saliva sample is analyzed. Individuals who fall into any of these criteria are candidates for genetic testing:<ref name="pmid25979631">{{cite journal |vauthors=van der Post RS, Vogelaar IP, Carneiro F, Guilford P, Huntsman D, Hoogerbrugge N, Caldas C, Schreiber KE, Hardwick RH, Ausems MG, Bardram L, Benusiglio PR, Bisseling TM, Blair V, Bleiker E, Boussioutas A, Cats A, Coit D, DeGregorio L, Figueiredo J, Ford JM, Heijkoop E, Hermens R, Humar B, Kaurah P, Keller G, Lai J, Ligtenberg MJ, O'Donovan M, Oliveira C, Pinheiro H, Ragunath K, Rasenberg E, Richardson S, Roviello F, Schackert H, Seruca R, Taylor A, Ter Huurne A, Tischkowitz M, Joe ST, van Dijck B, van Grieken NC, van Hillegersberg R, van Sandick JW, Vehof R, van Krieken JH, Fitzgerald RC |title=Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: updated clinical guidelines with an emphasis on germline CDH1 mutation carriers |journal=J. Med. Genet. |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=361–74 |year=2015 |pmid=25979631 |pmc=4453626 |doi=10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103094 |url=}}</ref>
-**Two cases of gastric cancer in a family regardless of their age, one of which must have a confirmed case of diffuse gastric cancer.
-**Any individual under the age of 40 with diffuse gastric cancer.
-**Any individual with a personal or family history  of first or second degree relative with of diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer, one of which was diagnosed under the age of 50.
-**Two or more cases of lobular breat carcinoma less than 50 years of age with bilateral lobular breast carcinoma or a family history in a first of second degree relative.
-**A history of a cleft lip and/or palate or a family history of cleft lip and/or palate in a first or second degree relative with diffuse gastric carcinoma.
-**A gastric biopsy that shows evidence of in situ signet ring cells and/or paget-configured spread of signet ring cells.
 ==References==
 {{reflist|2}}