Hepatic encephalopathy risk factors: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Hepatic encephalopathy}} | {{Hepatic encephalopathy}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}}{{MMJ}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common risk factors leading to the development of hepatic encephalopathy include [[cirrhosis]], [[Acute liver failure|acute hepatic failure]], [[portacaval shunt]], and [[Gastrointestinal bleeding|gastrointestinal bleeding]]. Less common risk factors include, [[epilepsy]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[hyponatremia]], [[renal failure]], [[hyperbilirubinemia]], [[hypokalemia]], [[metabolic alkalosis]], [[sepsis]] and [[hypovolemia]]. | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
===Common risk factors=== | |||
*Common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] leading to the development of hepatic encephalopathy include:<ref name="pmid28680841">{{cite journal| author=Djiambou-Nganjeu H| title=Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis. | journal=J Transl Int Med | year= 2017 | volume= 5 | issue= 1 | pages= 64-67 | pmid=28680841 | doi=10.1515/jtim-2017-0013 | pmc=5490964 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28680841 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26041950">{{cite journal| author=Acharya SK| title=Management in acute liver failure. | journal=J Clin Exp Hepatol | year= 2015 | volume= 5 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S104-15 | pmid=26041950 | doi=10.1016/j.jceh.2014.11.005 | pmc=4442864 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26041950 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28533911">{{cite journal| author=Ferenci P| title=Hepatic encephalopathy. | journal=Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) | year= 2017 | volume= 5 | issue= 2 | pages= 138-147 | pmid=28533911 | doi=10.1093/gastro/gox013 | pmc=5421503 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28533911 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23006457">{{cite journal| author=Bleibel W, Al-Osaimi AM| title=Hepatic encephalopathy. | journal=Saudi J Gastroenterol | year= 2012 | volume= 18 | issue= 5 | pages= 301-9 | pmid=23006457 | doi=10.4103/1319-3767.101123 | pmc=3500018 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23006457 }} </ref> | |||
===Common | |||
*Common risk factors | |||
**[[Cirrhosis]] | **[[Cirrhosis]] | ||
**[[Acute liver failure|Acute hepatic failure]] | **[[Acute liver failure|Acute hepatic failure]] | ||
**[[Gastrointestinal bleeding| | **[[Gastrointestinal bleeding|Gastrointestinal bleeding]] | ||
**[[Portacaval shunt]] | **[[Portacaval shunt]] | ||
===Less | ===Less common risk factors=== | ||
*Less common risk factors | *Less common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] leading to the development of hepatic encephalopathy include:<ref name="pmid27457247">{{cite journal| author=Jepsen P, Christensen J, Weissenborn K, Watson H, Vilstrup H| title=Epilepsy as a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a cohort study. | journal=BMC Gastroenterol | year= 2016 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 77 | pmid=27457247 | doi=10.1186/s12876-016-0487-3 | pmc=4960784 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27457247 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20602681">{{cite journal| author=Guevara M, Baccaro ME, Ríos J, Martín-Llahí M, Uriz J, Ruiz del Arbol L et al.| title=Risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites: relevance of serum sodium concentration. | journal=Liver Int | year= 2010 | volume= 30 | issue= 8 | pages= 1137-42 | pmid=20602681 | doi=10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02293.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20602681 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26206073">{{cite journal| author=Jepsen P, Watson H, Andersen PK, Vilstrup H| title=Diabetes as a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis patients. | journal=J Hepatol | year= 2015 | volume= 63 | issue= 5 | pages= 1133-8 | pmid=26206073 | doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.007 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26206073 }} </ref> | ||
**[[Epilepsy]] | **[[Epilepsy]] | ||
**[[Diabetes mellitus]] | **[[Diabetes mellitus]] | ||
| Line 40: | Line 23: | ||
**[[Metabolic alkalosis]] | **[[Metabolic alkalosis]] | ||
**[[Sepsis]] | **[[Sepsis]] | ||
**[[Hypovolemia | **[[Hypovolemia]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 18:36, 24 January 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Common risk factors leading to the development of hepatic encephalopathy include cirrhosis, acute hepatic failure, portacaval shunt, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Less common risk factors include, epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, hyponatremia, renal failure, hyperbilirubinemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, sepsis and hypovolemia.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors
- Common risk factors leading to the development of hepatic encephalopathy include:[1][2][3][4]
Less common risk factors
- Less common risk factors leading to the development of hepatic encephalopathy include:[5][6][7]
References
- ↑ Djiambou-Nganjeu H (2017). "Hepatic Encephalopathy in Liver Cirrhosis". J Transl Int Med. 5 (1): 64–67. doi:10.1515/jtim-2017-0013. PMC 5490964. PMID 28680841.
- ↑ Acharya SK (2015). "Management in acute liver failure". J Clin Exp Hepatol. 5 (Suppl 1): S104–15. doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2014.11.005. PMC 4442864. PMID 26041950.
- ↑ Ferenci P (2017). "Hepatic encephalopathy". Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 5 (2): 138–147. doi:10.1093/gastro/gox013. PMC 5421503. PMID 28533911.
- ↑ Bleibel W, Al-Osaimi AM (2012). "Hepatic encephalopathy". Saudi J Gastroenterol. 18 (5): 301–9. doi:10.4103/1319-3767.101123. PMC 3500018. PMID 23006457.
- ↑ Jepsen P, Christensen J, Weissenborn K, Watson H, Vilstrup H (2016). "Epilepsy as a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a cohort study". BMC Gastroenterol. 16 (1): 77. doi:10.1186/s12876-016-0487-3. PMC 4960784. PMID 27457247.
- ↑ Guevara M, Baccaro ME, Ríos J, Martín-Llahí M, Uriz J, Ruiz del Arbol L; et al. (2010). "Risk factors for hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites: relevance of serum sodium concentration". Liver Int. 30 (8): 1137–42. doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2010.02293.x. PMID 20602681.
- ↑ Jepsen P, Watson H, Andersen PK, Vilstrup H (2015). "Diabetes as a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis patients". J Hepatol. 63 (5): 1133–8. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.007. PMID 26206073.