Pneumothorax classification: Difference between revisions
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{{Pneumothorax}} | {{Pneumothorax}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{FT}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{FT}}, {{HQ}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Pneumothorax can be classified into tension and non-tension pneumothorax. A [[tension pneumothorax]] is an acute [[medical emergency]] as air accumulates rapidly in the [[Pleural cavity|pleural]] space with each [[Breathing|breath]]. The increase in [[Thoracic cavity|intrathoracic]] pressure results in massive shifting of the [[mediastinum]] away from the affected lung compressing [[Thoracic cavity|intrathoracic]] vessels. Non-tension pneumothorax is of lesser severity because there is slower accumulation of air and therefore slower increase in air pressure in the pleural cavity. In primary spontaneous pneumothorax, it is usually characterized by a rupture of a [[bleb]] in the lung while secondary spontaneous pneumothorax mostly occurs due to [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD]]). There are several diseases that may lead to secondary spontaneous pneumothorax including [[tuberculosis]], [[pneumonia]], [[asthma]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[lung cancer]], [[interstitial lung disease]], and [[marfan's syndrome]]. | |||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Pneumothorax is divided mainly into [[tension]] and non-tension pneumothorax:<ref name="SahnHeffner2000">{{cite journal|last1=Sahn|first1=Steven A.|last2=Heffner|first2=John E.|title=Spontaneous Pneumothorax|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=342|issue=12|year=2000|pages=868–874|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM200003233421207}}</ref> | |||
*A [[tension pneumothorax]] is an acute [[medical emergency]] as air accumulates rapidly in the [[Pleural cavity|pleural]] space with each breath. The increase in [[Thoracic cavity|intrathoracic]] pressure results in massive shifting of the [[mediastinum]] away from the affected [[lung]] compressing intrathoracic [[vessels]]. | |||
*By contrast, non-tension pneumothorax is of lesser severity because there is slower accumulation of air and therefore slower increase in air pressure in the [[pleural cavity]]. | |||
The accumulation of [[blood]] in the [[thoracic cavity]] ([[hemothorax]]) exacerbates the problem, creating a [[pneumohemothorax]]. | |||
===Spontaneous Pneumothorax=== | ===Spontaneous Pneumothorax=== | ||
Spontaneous | *Spontaneous pneumothorax can be classified as primary spontaneous pneumothorax and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. In primary spontaneous pneumothorax, it is usually characterized by a rupture of a [[bleb]] in the lung while secondary spontaneous pneumothorax mostly occurs due to [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD]]). | ||
===Primary spontaneous pneumothorax=== | ===Primary spontaneous pneumothorax=== | ||
A primary spontaneous pneumothorax may occur without either trauma to the chest or any kind of blast injury. This type of pneumothorax is caused when a[[bleb]] (an imperfection in the lining of the lung) bursts causing the lung to deflate. If a patient suffers two or more instances of a spontaneous pneumothorax, surgeons often recommend a bullectomy and pleurectomy. | *A primary spontaneous pneumothorax may occur without either [[Physical trauma|trauma]] to the [[chest]] or any kind of blast injury. This type of pneumothorax is caused when a [[bleb]] (an imperfection in the lining of the [[lung]]) bursts causing the [[lung]] to deflate. If a patient suffers two or more instances of a spontaneous pneumothorax, surgeons often recommend a bullectomy and pleurectomy. | ||
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is most evident to people without any previous history of lung disease and in tall, thin men whose age is between 20 to 40 years old. But it can often occur in teenagers and young adults. | *Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is most evident to people without any previous history of [[lung]] disease and in tall, thin men whose age is between 20 to 40 years old. But it can often occur in teenagers and young adults. | ||
===Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax=== | ===Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax=== | ||
A known lung disease is present in secondary spontaneous pneumothorax<ref>http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=35772</ref> | *A known [[lung]] disease is present in secondary spontaneous pneumothorax.<ref>http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=35772</ref> The most common cause is [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)]]. However, there are several diseases that may lead to secondary spontaneous pneumothorax: | ||
However, there are several diseases that may lead to spontaneous pneumothorax: | **[[COPD]] | ||
*[[COPD]] | **[[Tuberculosis]] | ||
*[[Tuberculosis]] | **[[Pneumonia]] | ||
*[[Pneumonia]] | **[[Asthma]] | ||
*[[Asthma]] | **[[Cystic fibrosis]] | ||
*[[Cystic fibrosis]] | **[[Lung cancer]] | ||
*[[Lung cancer]] | **[[Interstitial lung disease]] | ||
*[[Interstitial lung disease]] | **[[Marfan's syndrome]] | ||
*[[Marfan's | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | [[Category:Pulmonology]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | [[Category:Emergency medicine]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:54, 28 February 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Feham Tariq, MD [2], Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [3]
Overview
Pneumothorax can be classified into tension and non-tension pneumothorax. A tension pneumothorax is an acute medical emergency as air accumulates rapidly in the pleural space with each breath. The increase in intrathoracic pressure results in massive shifting of the mediastinum away from the affected lung compressing intrathoracic vessels. Non-tension pneumothorax is of lesser severity because there is slower accumulation of air and therefore slower increase in air pressure in the pleural cavity. In primary spontaneous pneumothorax, it is usually characterized by a rupture of a bleb in the lung while secondary spontaneous pneumothorax mostly occurs due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are several diseases that may lead to secondary spontaneous pneumothorax including tuberculosis, pneumonia, asthma, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, interstitial lung disease, and marfan's syndrome.
Classification
Pneumothorax is divided mainly into tension and non-tension pneumothorax:[1]
- A tension pneumothorax is an acute medical emergency as air accumulates rapidly in the pleural space with each breath. The increase in intrathoracic pressure results in massive shifting of the mediastinum away from the affected lung compressing intrathoracic vessels.
- By contrast, non-tension pneumothorax is of lesser severity because there is slower accumulation of air and therefore slower increase in air pressure in the pleural cavity.
The accumulation of blood in the thoracic cavity (hemothorax) exacerbates the problem, creating a pneumohemothorax.
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
- Spontaneous pneumothorax can be classified as primary spontaneous pneumothorax and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. In primary spontaneous pneumothorax, it is usually characterized by a rupture of a bleb in the lung while secondary spontaneous pneumothorax mostly occurs due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax
- A primary spontaneous pneumothorax may occur without either trauma to the chest or any kind of blast injury. This type of pneumothorax is caused when a bleb (an imperfection in the lining of the lung) bursts causing the lung to deflate. If a patient suffers two or more instances of a spontaneous pneumothorax, surgeons often recommend a bullectomy and pleurectomy.
- Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is most evident to people without any previous history of lung disease and in tall, thin men whose age is between 20 to 40 years old. But it can often occur in teenagers and young adults.
Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax
- A known lung disease is present in secondary spontaneous pneumothorax.[2] The most common cause is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there are several diseases that may lead to secondary spontaneous pneumothorax:
References
- ↑ Sahn, Steven A.; Heffner, John E. (2000). "Spontaneous Pneumothorax". New England Journal of Medicine. 342 (12): 868–874. doi:10.1056/NEJM200003233421207. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=35772