Sandbox:ap: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older edit
VisualWikitext
Anmol Pitliya (talk | contribs)
Bureaucrats, bureaucrats, nocaptcha, Administrators, Widget editors
9,217 edits
No edit summary
Anmol Pitliya (talk | contribs)
Bureaucrats, bureaucrats, nocaptcha, Administrators, Widget editors
9,217 edits
 
(46 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:


{|
{{familytree/start |summary=Sample 1}}
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Factors influencing sensitivity of Tc-99m sestamibi scintigraphy}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 |A01=Hypercalcemia}}  
|-
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }}
| colspan="2"  style="background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Factors'''}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | B02 | | |B01=Related to Parathyroid gland|B02=Unrelated to parathyroid gland}}
| style="background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Sensitivity'''}}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | |!| }}
|-
{{familytree | | | | C01 | | | C02 | | | C03 | | | | | | | |!|C01=Primary hyperparathyroidism|C02=Secondary hyperparathyroidism|C03=Tertiary hyperparathyroidism}}
| rowspan="4" style="background: #F0FFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Biochemical factors'''
{{familytree | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | }}
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |High serum calcium level<ref name="pmid12769210">{{cite journal| author=Parikshak M, Castillo ED, Conrad MF, Talpos GB| title=Impact of hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone level on the sensitivity of preoperative sestamibi scanning for primary hyperparathyroidism. | journal=Am Surg | year= 2003 | volume= 69 | issue= 5 | pages= 393-8; discussion 399 | pmid=12769210 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12769210  }} </ref>
{{familytree | | D01 | | D02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |D01=Typical primary hyperparathyroidism|D02=Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia}}
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |Increased
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
|-
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|.| | |}}
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |High serum parathyroid hormone level<ref name="pmid12769210">{{cite journal| author=Parikshak M, Castillo ED, Conrad MF, Talpos GB| title=Impact of hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone level on the sensitivity of preoperative sestamibi scanning for primary hyperparathyroidism. | journal=Am Surg | year= 2003 | volume= 69 | issue= 5 | pages= 393-8; discussion 399 | pmid=12769210 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12769210  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17053383">{{cite journal| author=Siegel A, Alvarado M, Barth RJ, Brady M, Lewis J| title=Parameters in the prediction of the sensitivity of parathyroid scanning. | journal=Clin Nucl Med | year= 2006 | volume= 31 | issue= 11 | pages= 679-82 | pmid=17053383 | doi=10.1097/01.rlu.0000242212.23936.a7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17053383  }} </ref>
{{familytree | | | | | | | E01 | | | | | | E02 | | | | E03 | | | | | E04 | | | E05 | |E01=Malignancy|E02=Medication induced|E03=Nutritional|E04=Granulomatous disease|E05=Surgical}}
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |Increased
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | |!|}}
|-
{{familytree | | | | | F01 | | F02 | | F03| | F04| | F05 | | F06 | | F07 | | | F08| |F01=Para-neoplastic syndrome: Parathyroid hormone related peptide|F02=Metaplasia: Hypercalcemia due to bone destruction|F03=Thiazide diuretics|F04=Lithium|F05=Milk alkali syndrome|F06=Vitamin D toxicity|F07=Sarcoidosis|F08=Immobilization}}
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |Hypovitaminosis D <ref name="pmid18936353">{{cite journal| author=Kandil E, Tufaro AP, Carson KA, Lin F, Somervell H, Farrag T et al.| title=Correlation of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with severity of primary hyperparathyroidism and likelihood of parathyroid adenoma localization on sestamibi scan. | journal=Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2008 | volume= 134 | issue= 10 | pages= 1071-5 | pmid=18936353 | doi=10.1001/archotol.134.10.1071 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18936353  }} </ref>
{{familytree/end}}
(only in primary hyperparathyroidism)
 
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |Increased
=Codes=
|-
<div style="text-align: center;">'''Corrected total calcium = measured total calcium + 0.8 (4.0 − serum albumin)''' </div>
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |Calcium channel blocker use<ref name="pmid15657576">{{cite journal| author=Friedman K, Somervell H, Patel P, Melton GB, Garrett-Mayer E, Dackiw AP et al.| title=Effect of calcium channel blockers on the sensitivity of preoperative 99mTc-MIBI SPECT for hyperparathyroidism. | journal=Surgery | year= 2004 | volume= 136 | issue= 6 | pages= 1199-204 | pmid=15657576 | doi=10.1016/j.surg.2004.06.047 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15657576  }} </ref>
 
(only in primary hyperparathyroidism)
 
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |Decreased
<div style="width: 70%;">
|-
 
| rowspan="2" style="background: #F0FFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Gross and architectural factors'''
<br style="clear:left" />
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |Size (Large)<ref name="pmid15967881">{{cite journal| author=Mehta NY, Ruda JM, Kapadia S, Boyer PJ, Hollenbeak CS, Stack BC| title=Relationship of technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scans to histopathological features of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. | journal=Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2005 | volume= 131 | issue= 6 | pages= 493-8 | pmid=15967881 | doi=10.1001/archotol.131.6.493 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15967881  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10565772">{{cite journal| author=Takebayashi S, Hidai H, Chiba T, Takagi Y, Nagatani Y, Matsubara S| title=Hyperfunctional parathyroid glands with 99mTc-MIBI scan: semiquantitative analysis correlated with histologic findings. | journal=J Nucl Med | year= 1999 | volume= 40 | issue= 11 | pages= 1792-7 | pmid=10565772 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10565772  }} </ref>
 
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |Increased
==References==
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |Multi-glandular disease<ref name="pmid14585407">{{cite journal| author=Haciyanli M, Lal G, Morita E, Duh QY, Kebebew E, Clark OH| title=Accuracy of preoperative localization studies and intraoperative parathyroid hormone assay in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and double adenoma. | journal=J Am Coll Surg | year= 2003 | volume= 197 | issue= 5 | pages= 739-46 | pmid=14585407 | doi=10.1016/S1072-7515(03)00676-8 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14585407  }} </ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |Decreased
|-
| style="background: #F0FFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Cytological factors'''
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |Increased amount of cellular content<ref name="pmid15967881">{{cite journal| author=Mehta NY, Ruda JM, Kapadia S, Boyer PJ, Hollenbeak CS, Stack BC| title=Relationship of technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scans to histopathological features of hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue. | journal=Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2005 | volume= 131 | issue= 6 | pages= 493-8 | pmid=15967881 | doi=10.1001/archotol.131.6.493 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15967881  }} </ref><ref name="pmid10565772">{{cite journal| author=Takebayashi S, Hidai H, Chiba T, Takagi Y, Nagatani Y, Matsubara S| title=Hyperfunctional parathyroid glands with 99mTc-MIBI scan: semiquantitative analysis correlated with histologic findings. | journal=J Nucl Med | year= 1999 | volume= 40 | issue= 11 | pages= 1792-7 | pmid=10565772 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10565772  }} </ref>
(Chief cells and oxyphil cells)
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |Increased
|-
| style="background: #F0FFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Immunohistochemical factors'''
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |Increased P-glycoprotien expression<ref name="pmid17929232">{{cite journal| author=Gupta Y, Ahmed R, Happerfield L, Pinder SE, Balan KK, Wishart GC| title=P-glycoprotein expression is associated with sestamibi washout in primary hyperparathyroidism. | journal=Br J Surg | year= 2007 | volume= 94 | issue= 12 | pages= 1491-5 | pmid=17929232 | doi=10.1002/bjs.5882 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17929232  }} </ref>
| style="background: #DCDCDC;" |Decreased
|-
| colspan="3" style="background: #F0FFFF;" |'''Note:''' P-glycoprotein (Pgp)  is a plasma membrane protein encoded by mammalian multidrug resistance gene (MDRI). Many drugs that are lipophilic and cationic at physiological pH interact with P-gp. Sestamibi is a lipophilic cationic on physioligical pH. P-gp acts as ATP-dependent efflux pump and prevents accumulation of sestamibi in parathyroid tissue. So, the uptake of sestamibi into parathyroid adenoma cells depends on the activity of the P-gp<ref name="pmid8094997">{{cite journal| author=Piwnica-Worms D, Chiu ML, Budding M, Kronauge JF, Kramer RA, Croop JM| title=Functional imaging of multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein with an organotechnetium complex. | journal=Cancer Res | year= 1993 | volume= 53 | issue= 5 | pages= 977-84 | pmid=8094997 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8094997  }} </ref>.
|}

Latest revision as of 15:49, 5 March 2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hypercalcemia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Related to Parathyroid gland
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrelated to parathyroid gland
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Primary hyperparathyroidism
 
 
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
 
 
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Typical primary hyperparathyroidism
 
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Malignancy
 
 
 
 
 
Medication induced
 
 
 
Nutritional
 
 
 
 
Granulomatous disease
 
 
Surgical
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Para-neoplastic syndrome: Parathyroid hormone related peptide
 
Metaplasia: Hypercalcemia due to bone destruction
 
Thiazide diuretics
 
Lithium
 
Milk alkali syndrome
 
Vitamin D toxicity
 
Sarcoidosis
 
 
Immobilization
 

Codes

Corrected total calcium = measured total calcium + 0.8 (4.0 − serum albumin)



References

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Sandbox:ap&oldid=1451595"