Peripheral cyanosis, fever, and clubbing: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{EG}} <span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' ABG= Arterial blood gas, ANP= Atrial natriuretic peptide, BNP= Brain natriuretic p...")
 
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<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' ABG= [[Arterial blood gas]], ANP= [[Atrial natriuretic peptide]], BNP= [[Brain natriuretic peptide]], CBC= [[Complete blood count]], COPD= [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], CRP= [[C-reactive protein]], CT= [[Computed tomography]], CXR= [[Chest X-ray]], DVT= [[Deep vein thrombosis]], ESR= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], HRCT= [[High Resolution CT]], IgE= [[Immunoglobulin E]], LDH= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], PCWP= [[Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure]].</span>
<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' ABG= [[Arterial blood gas]], ANP= [[Atrial natriuretic peptide]], BNP= [[Brain natriuretic peptide]], CBC= [[Complete blood count]], COPD= [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], CRP= [[C-reactive protein]], CT= [[Computed tomography]], CXR= [[Chest X-ray]], DVT= [[Deep vein thrombosis]], ESR= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], HRCT= [[High Resolution CT]], IgE= [[Immunoglobulin E]], LDH= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], PCWP= [[Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure]].</span>
<small><small>
{| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;"
{| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;"
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diseases
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diseases
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! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
|-
|-
! rowspan="8" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Pulmonary disease|Pulmonary diseases]]
! rowspan="3" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Pulmonary disease|Pulmonary diseases]]
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Airway]] disorder
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Severe [[croup]]<ref name="Cherry20082">{{cite journal|last1=Cherry|first1=James D.|title=Croup|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=358|issue=4|year=2008|pages=384–391|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp072022}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Stridor]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Lymphocytosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Steeple sign]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Distended [[hypopharynx]] during [[inspiration]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Clinical findings
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Intercostal]] and [[subcostal]] [[retraction]], [[Barking cough]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Epiglottitis]]<ref name="pmid23162404">{{cite journal| author=Abdallah C| title=Acute epiglottitis: Trends, diagnosis and management. | journal=Saudi J Anaesth | year= 2012 | volume= 6 | issue= 3 | pages= 279-81 | pmid=23162404 | doi=10.4103/1658-354X.101222 | pmc=3498669 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23162404  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Stridor]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Leukocytosis]] with [[neutrophilia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Thumbprint sign|Thumb sign]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Laryngoscopy]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Muffled voice, [[Drooling]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Foreign body aspiration]]<ref name="pmid18682760">{{cite journal| author=Qureshi A, Behzadi A| title=Foreign-body aspiration in an adult. | journal=Can J Surg | year= 2008 | volume= 51 | issue= 3 | pages= E69-70 | pmid=18682760 | doi= | pmc=2496600 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18682760  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Decreased breath sounds, [[Wheezing]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hyperinflation, [[Atelectasis]], Objects
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Foreign body]] entrapment with [[edema]] or [[granulation tissue]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Bronchoscopy]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Mediastinitis]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Bacterial tracheitis]]<ref name="pmid6869336">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liston SL, Gehrz RC, Siegel LG, Tilelli J |title=Bacterial tracheitis |journal=Am. J. Dis. Child. |volume=137 |issue=8 |pages=764–7 |date=August 1983 |pmid=6869336 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Inspiratory [[stridor]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Blood cultures|Blood culture]], [[Gram stain]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Irregular [[Tracheal disease|tracheal]] margin
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Steeple sign]] (confusing)
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Bronchoscopy|Laryngotracheobronchoscopy]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Brassy [[cough]], [[Hoarseness]]
|-
! rowspan="3" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Parenchymal lung disease|Parenchymal disorder]]
! rowspan="3" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Parenchymal lung disease|Parenchymal disorder]]
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Alveolitis]]<ref name="pmid1620846">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee JS, Im JG, Ahn JM, Kim YM, Han MC |title=Fibrosing alveolitis: prognostic implication of ground-glass attenuation at high-resolution CT |journal=Radiology |volume=184 |issue=2 |pages=451–4 |date=August 1992 |pmid=1620846 |doi=10.1148/radiology.184.2.1620846 |url=}}</ref>
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Alveolitis]]<ref name="pmid1620846">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee JS, Im JG, Ahn JM, Kim YM, Han MC |title=Fibrosing alveolitis: prognostic implication of ground-glass attenuation at high-resolution CT |journal=Radiology |volume=184 |issue=2 |pages=451–4 |date=August 1992 |pmid=1620846 |doi=10.1148/radiology.184.2.1620846 |url=}}</ref>
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| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[High Resolution CT|HRCT]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[High Resolution CT|HRCT]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulmonary hypertension]], [[Right heart failure]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulmonary hypertension]], [[Right heart failure]]
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Pulmonary vascular congestion|Pulmonary vascular disorders]]
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Massive [[pulmonary embolism]]<ref name="pmid23940438">{{cite journal| author=Bĕlohlávek J, Dytrych V, Linhart A| title=Pulmonary embolism, part I: Epidemiology, risk factors and risk stratification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism. | journal=Exp Clin Cardiol | year= 2013 | volume= 18 | issue= 2 | pages= 129-38 | pmid=23940438 | doi= | pmc=3718593 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23940438  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Reduced [[breath sounds]], [[Crackles]], Loud [[P2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Respiratory acidosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[D-dimer]], [[BNP]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Fleischner sign]], [[Hampton hump]], [[Westermark sign]], [[Pleural effusion]] 
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Filling defects in the [[pulmonary vasculature]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Spiral [[CT pulmonary angiogram]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Spiral [[CT pulmonary angiogram]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tachycardia]], [[Shock]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]]
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Chest wall deformities|Chest wall disorders]]
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Flail chest]]<ref name="pmid17650694">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pettiford BL, Luketich JD, Landreneau RJ |title=The management of flail chest |journal=Thorac Surg Clin |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=25–33 |date=February 2007 |pmid=17650694 |doi=10.1016/j.thorsurg.2007.02.005 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |≥3 adjacent [[ribs]] with [[Rib fractures|segmental fractures]],  >5 adjacent [[Rib fracture|rib fractures]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Chest X-ray|CXR]]
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Bruises]] over [[chest]]
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Pneumothorax]]<ref name="pmid20872980">{{cite journal| author=Luh SP| title=Review: Diagnosis and treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. | journal=J Zhejiang Univ Sci B | year= 2010 | volume= 11 | issue= 10 | pages= 735-44 | pmid=20872980 | doi=10.1631/jzus.B1000131 | pmc=2950234 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20872980  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Diminished [[breath sounds]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |No lung marking on one side, [[Collapsed lung]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Loculated air in [[thoracic cavity]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |M-mode [[ultrasonography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Chest]] [[CT scan]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tachypnea]]
|-
! colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Disease
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Peripheral
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Central
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Dyspnea
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Fever
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Chest pain
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Clubbing
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Peripheral edema
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Auscultation
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |CBC
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |ABG
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Electrolytes
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |X-ray
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |CT scan
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Gold standard
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Additional findings
|-
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Cardiac disease|Cardiac diseases]]
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Congenital disorder|Congenital disorders]]
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Atrioventricular canal defect (patient information)|Atrioventricular canal defect]]<ref name="pmid15227445">{{cite journal| author=Macris MP, Ott DA, Cooley DA| title=Complete atrioventricular canal defect: surgical considerations. | journal=Tex Heart Inst J | year= 1992 | volume= 19 | issue= 3 | pages= 239-43 | pmid=15227445 | doi= | pmc=326195 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15227445  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Wheezing]],[[Holosystolic murmur|Holosystolic]] or [[systolic ejection murmur]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Cardiomegaly]], Increased [[Pulmonary vascular congestion|pulmonary vascular markings]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]], [[MRI]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tachypnea]], Lack of [[appetite]], [[Pale skin color]], Excessive [[sweating]]
|-
! rowspan="3" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Acquired disorder|Acquired disorders]]
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Heart failure]]<ref name="pmid27367736">{{cite journal| author=Inamdar AA, Inamdar AC| title=Heart Failure: Diagnosis, Management and Utilization. | journal=J Clin Med | year= 2016 | volume= 5 | issue= 7 | pages=  | pmid=27367736 | doi=10.3390/jcm5070062 | pmc=4961993 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27367736  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Coarse [[crackles]], [[S3]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Anemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyponatremia]], [[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypomagnesemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Elevated [[BNP]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pleural effusion]], [[Cardiomegaly]] [[Kerley B lines]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Radioisotope scan]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Generalized edema]], [[Hepatomegaly]]
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Valvular heart disease]]<ref name="pmid20435842">{{cite journal| author=Maganti K, Rigolin VH, Sarano ME, Bonow RO| title=Valvular heart disease: diagnosis and management. | journal=Mayo Clin Proc | year= 2010 | volume= 85 | issue= 5 | pages= 483-500 | pmid=20435842 | doi=10.4065/mcp.2009.0706 | pmc=2861980 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20435842  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Murmurs]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Schistocyte]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyperthyroidism]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Valve]] [[calcification]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Valvular dysfunction]] in [[echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Syncope]], [[Palpitation]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Cardiogenic shock]]<ref name="pmid22675405">{{cite journal| author=Werdan K, Ruß M, Buerke M, Delle-Karth G, Geppert A, Schöndube FA et al.| title=Cardiogenic shock due to myocardial infarction: diagnosis, monitoring and treatment: a German-Austrian S3 Guideline. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2012 | volume= 109 | issue= 19 | pages= 343-51 | pmid=22675405 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2012.0343 | pmc=3364528 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22675405  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Muffled heart sounds|Muffled heart sound]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Anemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyperkalemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[PaO2]] in [[pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]] 
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Clinical]] findings
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tachypnea]], [[Palpitation]], [[Hypotension]], Weak [[pulse]]
|-
! rowspan="5" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Vascular disease]]
! rowspan="3" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Arterial Insufficiency|Arterial disorders]]
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[ddx:Acrocyanosis|Acrocyanosis]]<ref name="pmid24249890">{{cite journal| author=Das S, Maiti A| title=Acrocyanosis: an overview. | journal=Indian J Dermatol | year= 2013 | volume= 58 | issue= 6 | pages= 417-20 | pmid=24249890 | doi=10.4103/0019-5154.119946 | pmc=3827510 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24249890  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Anemia]], [[Leukocytosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hypercalcemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[PaO2]] in [[pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Clinical]] findings
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Brittle nails]], [[Telangiectasia]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Arterial embolism]]<ref name="pmid23724391">{{cite journal| author=Lyaker MR, Tulman DB, Dimitrova GT, Pin RH, Papadimos TJ| title=Arterial embolism. | journal=Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 77-87 | pmid=23724391 | doi=10.4103/2229-5151.109429 | pmc=3665125 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23724391  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyperkalemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[PaO2]] in [[pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Clinical]] findings
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Headache]], Decreased [[sensation]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Raynaud's Phenomenon]]<ref name="pmid11438158">{{cite journal |vauthors=Block JA, Sequeira W |title=Raynaud's phenomenon |journal=Lancet |volume=357 |issue=9273 |pages=2042–8 |date=June 2001 |pmid=11438158 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05118-7 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Polycythemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mild ↓[[PaO2]] in [[pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Clinical]] findings
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Sensitivity to cold, Decreased [[sensation]]
|-
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Venous insufficiency|Venous disorders]]
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Superior vena cava obstruction]]<ref name="pmid22477372">{{cite journal| author=Cohen R, Mena D, Carbajal-Mendoza R, Matos N, Karki N| title=Superior vena cava syndrome: A medical emergency? | journal=Int J Angiol | year= 2008 | volume= 17 | issue= 1 | pages= 43-6 | pmid=22477372 | doi= | pmc=2728369 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22477372  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Polycythemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[PaO2]] in [[pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Superior [[mediastinal widening]], Right [[Hilar lymphadenopathy|hilar prominence]] 
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Thrombosis]], [[Mediastinal mass]] or [[Mediastinal lymphadenopathy|lymphadenopathy]], Associated [[lung mass]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Chest]] [[CT scan]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Headache]],
[[Facial]] [[swelling]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Venous stasis]]<ref name="pmid21326688">{{cite journal| author=Fan CM| title=Venous pathophysiology. | journal=Semin Intervent Radiol | year= 2005 | volume= 22 | issue= 3 | pages= 157-61 | pmid=21326688 | doi=10.1055/s-2005-921949 | pmc=3036287 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21326688  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Polycythemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hypercalcemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Doppler ultrasonography|Color-flow duplex ultrasound]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Doppler ultrasonography|Color-flow duplex ultrasound]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Leg swelling]], [[Pain]] during walking,
[[Leg ulcer|Leg ulcers]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Hematologic diseases]]
! colspan="2" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Hematologic diseases]]
Line 447: Line 114:
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[RBC]] mass (RCM) and [[Blood plasma|plasma volume]] measurement
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[RBC]] mass (RCM) and [[Blood plasma|plasma volume]] measurement
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Itchiness]], [[Headache]]. [[Dizziness]]. [[Blurred vision]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Itchiness]], [[Headache]]. [[Dizziness]]. [[Blurred vision]]
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="4" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Miscellaneous
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[High altitude exposure]]<ref name="pmid29340578">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parati G, Agostoni P, Basnyat B, Bilo G, Brugger H, Coca A, Festi L, Giardini G, Lironcurti A, Luks AM, Maggiorini M, Modesti PA, Swenson ER, Williams B, Bärtsch P, Torlasco C |title=Clinical recommendations for high altitude exposure of individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions |journal=Eur. Heart J. |volume= |issue= |pages= |date=January 2018 |pmid=29340578 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehx720 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Wheezing]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Polycythemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↓[[CO2]], [[Respiratory alkalosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyperphosphatemia]], [[Hypercalcemia]], [[Hyponatremia]], [[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypomagnesemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Decreased [[bicarbonate]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Central [[interstitial edema]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulmonary consolidation]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hypoxic challenge test
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Dizziness]], [[Coma]],  Death
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Septic shock]]<ref name="pmid28117397">{{cite journal| author=Hotchkiss RS, Moldawer LL, Opal SM, Reinhart K, Turnbull IR, Vincent JL| title=Sepsis and septic shock. | journal=Nat Rev Dis Primers | year= 2016 | volume= 2 | issue=  | pages= 16045 | pmid=28117397 | doi=10.1038/nrdp.2016.45 | pmc=5538252 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28117397  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Rales]], [[crackles]], [[Wheeze]], [[Pleural friction rub]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Leukocytosis]] with [[neutrophilia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Metabolic acidosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyperkalemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑[[ESR]], ↑[[CRP]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Consolidation (medicine)|Consolidation]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulmonary]] infiltration
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Blood culture]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Chills]], [[Hypothermia]], [[Loss of consciousness]]
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Smoke inhalation]]<ref name="pmid20161170">{{cite journal| author=Rehberg S, Maybauer MO, Enkhbaatar P, Maybauer DM, Yamamoto Y, Traber DL| title=Pathophysiology, management and treatment of smoke inhalation injury. | journal=Expert Rev Respir Med | year= 2009 | volume= 3 | issue= 3 | pages= 283-297 | pmid=20161170 | doi=10.1586/ERS.09.21 | pmc=2722076 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20161170  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Wheezing]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Anemia]], [[Carboxyhemoglobin]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Respiratory acidosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulse oximetry|CO-oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Diffuse [[Opacity|opacities]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulmonary]] infiltration
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulmonary function testing]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Bronchoscopy]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Cough]], [[Hoarseness]], [[Hemoptysis]], [[Headache]], [[Fainting]]
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Cold exposure]]<ref>{{cite book | last = Marriott | first = Bernadette | title = Nutritional needs in cold and in high-altitude environments : applications for military personnel in field operations | publisher = National Academy Press | location = Washington, D.C | year = 1996 | isbn = 0-309-05484-2 }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Leukopenia]], ↑[[RBC]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Metabolic acidosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypocalcemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyperglycemia]], ↑[[Creatine kinase|CK]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Clinical]] findings
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Confusion]], [[Tachycardia]]/[[Bradycardia]], [[Coma]]
|-
|-
|}
|}
</small></small>
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 13:38, 16 March 2018


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Abbreviations: ABG= Arterial blood gas, ANP= Atrial natriuretic peptide, BNP= Brain natriuretic peptide, CBC= Complete blood count, COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP= C-reactive protein, CT= Computed tomography, CXR= Chest X-ray, DVT= Deep vein thrombosis, ESR= Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HRCT= High Resolution CT, IgE= Immunoglobulin E, LDH= Lactate dehydrogenase, PCWP= Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.

Diseases Cyanosis Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging
Peripheral Central Dyspnea Fever Chest pain Clubbing Peripheral edema Auscultation CBC ABG Electrolytes Other X-ray CT scan Other
Pulmonary diseases Parenchymal disorder Alveolitis[1] +/- + + + + +/- - Wheeze, Crackles Leukocytosis, Eosinophilia ↓O2, ↑CO2 Normal ↑ESR, ↑CRP Scattered opacities, Fine reticulation Homogeneous ground-glass opacity - HRCT PLUS Clinical findings Malaise, Chills, Headache
Cystic fibrosis[2] + - + +/- +/- + - Wheeze, Crackles Normal ↓O2, ↑CO2 Increased sweat chloride Sweat chloride test Hyperinflation, Nodules Peribronchial thickening, Bronchiectasis - Sweat chloride test Absent vas deferens
COPD

(Severe emphysema)[3]

+ - + +/- + +/- +/- Reduced breath sounds, Wheeze, Inspiratory crackles Polycythemia ↓O2, ↑CO2 Normal Alpha 1-antitrypsin test Elongated heart, Flattened diaphragms, Prominent hilar vasculature Bullae - HRCT Pulmonary hypertension, Right heart failure
Hematologic diseases Polycythemia[4] + + + +/- +/- + - Normal ↑RBC, ↑WBC, ↑HGB, ↑Plt ↓O2 Hyperkalemia ↑Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, ↑Ferritin, ↑Erythropoietin AVM, COPD, pulmonary hypertension Normal Abdominal ultrasound or renal vascular studies for ruling out renal artery stenosis RBC mass (RCM) and plasma volume measurement Itchiness, Headache. Dizziness. Blurred vision

References

  1. ↑ Lee JS, Im JG, Ahn JM, Kim YM, Han MC (August 1992). "Fibrosing alveolitis: prognostic implication of ground-glass attenuation at high-resolution CT". Radiology. 184 (2): 451–4. doi:10.1148/radiology.184.2.1620846. PMID 1620846.
  2. ↑ "Cystic fibrosis - Genetics Home Reference".
  3. ↑ Qureshi H, Sharafkhaneh A, Hanania NA (2014). "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: latest evidence and clinical implications". Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 5 (5): 212–27. doi:10.1177/2040622314532862. PMC 4131503. PMID 25177479.
  4. ↑ Spivak JL (February 2002). "The optimal management of polycythaemia vera". Br. J. Haematol. 116 (2): 243–54. PMID 11841424.
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