Restless legs syndrome epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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{{Restless legs syndrome}}
{{Restless legs syndrome}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JH}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MMJ}}
 
. In community-based surveys, RLS has been studied as: (1) a symptom only, (2) a set of symptoms meeting minimal diagnostic criteria of the IRLSSG, (3) meeting minimal criteria accompanied with a specific frequency and/or severity, and (4) a differential diagnosis. In the first case, prevalence estimates in the general adult population ranged from 9.4% to 15%. In the second case, prevalence ranged from 3.9% to 14.3%. When frequency/severity is added, prevalence ranged from 2.2% to 7.9% and when differential diagnosis is applied prevalence estimates are between 1.9% and 4.6%. In all instances, RLS prevalence is higher in women than in men. It also increases with age in European and North American countries but not in Asian countries. Symptoms of anxiety and depression have been consistently associated with RLS. Overall, individuals with RLS have a poorer health than non-RLS but evidence for specific disease associations is mixed. Future epidemiological studies should focus on systematically adding frequency and severity in the definition of the syndrome in order to minimize the inclusion of cases mimicking RLS.
==Overview==
==Overview==
Many doctors express the view that the incidence of restless leg syndrome is exaggerated by manufacturers of drugs used to treat it.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Woloshin S, Schwartz L |title=Giving legs to restless legs: a case study of how the media helps make people sick |journal=PLoS Med. |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=e170 |year=2006 |pmid=16597175 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030170}}</ref>  Other physicians consider it a real entity that has specific diagnostic criteria. <ref>{{cite journal |author=Montplaisir J; Boucher S; Nicolas A; Lesperance P; Gosselin A; Rompré P; Lavigne G |journal=Movement disorders |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=324-9 |year=1998|pmid=9539348|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=PubMed&cmd=retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=9539348}}</ref>


==Prevalence==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
The prevalence of paranoid personality disorder is 2,000 to 7,200 per 100,000 (2% to 7.2%) of the overall population.<ref name="DSMV">{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>
===Prevalence===
In community-based epidemiological surveys, RLS (Restless Leg Syndrome) has been studied as:<ref name="pmid21795081">{{cite journal| author=Ohayon MM, O'Hara R, Vitiello MV| title=Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome: a synthesis of the literature. | journal=Sleep Med Rev | year= 2012 | volume= 16 | issue= 4 | pages= 283-95 | pmid=21795081 | doi=10.1016/j.smrv.2011.05.002 | pmc=3204316 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21795081  }} </ref>
# A symptom only
#* In this kind of symptoms ,prevalence estimates in the general adult population ranged from 9400 to 1500 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
# A set of symptoms meeting minimal diagnostic criteria of the IRLSSG
#* In this kind of symptoms ,prevalence estimates in the general adult population ranged from 3900 to 1400 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
* When frequency/severity is added, prevalence ranged from 2.2% to 7.9% and when differential diagnosis is applied prevalence estimates are between 1.9% and 4.6%. In all instances, RLS prevalence is higher in women than in men.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Age===
Often sufferers think they are the only ones to be afflicted by this peculiar condition and are relieved when they find out that many others also suffer from it. The severity and frequency of the disorder vary tremendously. Many people only experience symptoms when they try to sleep, while others experience symptoms during the day. It is common to have symptoms on long car rides or during any long period of inactivity (like watching television or a movie, attending a musical or theatrical performance, etc.)  Approximately 80-90% of people with RLS also have PLMD, [[Nocturnal myoclonus|Periodic Limb Movement Disorder]], which causes slow "jerks" or flexions of the affected body part. These occur during sleep (PLMS = Periodic Limb Movement while Sleeping) or while awake (PLMW - Periodic Limb Movement while Waking).
*The incidence of RLS increases with age.<ref name="pmid14744844">{{cite journal| author=Berger K, Luedemann J, Trenkwalder C, John U, Kessler C| title=Sex and the risk of restless legs syndrome in the general population. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 2004 | volume= 164 | issue= 2 | pages= 196-202 | pmid=14744844 | doi=10.1001/archinte.164.2.196 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14744844  }} </ref>


===Developed Countries===
===Race===
Restless legs syndrome affects an estimated 2.7% of the general population in the U.S.A.<ref name="allen2005">{{cite journal |author=Allen R, Walters A, Montplaisir J, Hening W, Myers A, Bell T, Ferini-Strambi L |title=Restless legs syndrome prevalence and impact: REST general population study |journal=Arch. Intern. Med. |volume=165 |issue=11 |pages=1286-92 |year=2005 |pmid=15956009}}</ref>
*RLS usually affects individuals of the non-African American race. African American race individuals are less likely to develop RLS.<ref name="pmid25255415">{{cite journal| author=Alkhazna A, Saeed A, Rashidzada W, Romaker AM| title=Racial differences in the prevalence of restless legs syndrome in a primary care setting. | journal=Hosp Pract (1995) | year= 2014 | volume= 42 | issue= 3 | pages= 131-7 | pmid=25255415 | doi=10.3810/hp.2014.08.1127 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25255415  }} </ref>
===Gender===
*Women are more commonly affected by RLS than men.<ref name="pmid21795081">{{cite journal| author=Ohayon MM, O'Hara R, Vitiello MV| title=Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome: a synthesis of the literature. | journal=Sleep Med Rev | year= 2012 | volume= 16 | issue= 4 | pages= 283-95 | pmid=21795081 | doi=10.1016/j.smrv.2011.05.002 | pmc=3204316 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21795081  }} </ref> The women to men ratio is approximately 2 to 1.<ref name="pmid14744844">{{cite journal| author=Berger K, Luedemann J, Trenkwalder C, John U, Kessler C| title=Sex and the risk of restless legs syndrome in the general population. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 2004 | volume= 164 | issue= 2 | pages= 196-202 | pmid=14744844 | doi=10.1001/archinte.164.2.196 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14744844  }} </ref>
===Region===
*The worldwide prevalence of RLS is not clear, however, it appears that Asian countries have a lower prevalence of RLS than European and North American countries.<ref name="pmid21795081">{{cite journal| author=Ohayon MM, O'Hara R, Vitiello MV| title=Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome: a synthesis of the literature. | journal=Sleep Med Rev | year= 2012 | volume= 16 | issue= 4 | pages= 283-95 | pmid=21795081 | doi=10.1016/j.smrv.2011.05.002 | pmc=3204316 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21795081  }} </ref>


===Developing Countries===
About 10 percent of adults in North America and Europe may experience RLS symptoms, according to the National Sleep Foundation, which reports that "lower prevalence has been found in India, Japan and Singapore," indicating that ethnic factors, including diet, may play a role in the prevalence of this syndrome.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sleepfoundation.org/site/c.huIXKjM0IxF/b.2417141/k.C60C/Welcome.htm |title=Welcome - National Sleep Foundation |accessdate=2007-07-23 |format= |work=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
 
[[Category:Sleep disorders]]
[[Category:Syndromes]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
 


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Latest revision as of 17:10, 2 April 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

In community-based epidemiological surveys, RLS (Restless Leg Syndrome) has been studied as:[1]

  1. A symptom only
    • In this kind of symptoms ,prevalence estimates in the general adult population ranged from 9400 to 1500 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
  2. A set of symptoms meeting minimal diagnostic criteria of the IRLSSG
    • In this kind of symptoms ,prevalence estimates in the general adult population ranged from 3900 to 1400 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
  • When frequency/severity is added, prevalence ranged from 2.2% to 7.9% and when differential diagnosis is applied prevalence estimates are between 1.9% and 4.6%. In all instances, RLS prevalence is higher in women than in men.

Age

  • The incidence of RLS increases with age.[2]

Race

  • RLS usually affects individuals of the non-African American race. African American race individuals are less likely to develop RLS.[3]

Gender

  • Women are more commonly affected by RLS than men.[1] The women to men ratio is approximately 2 to 1.[2]

Region

  • The worldwide prevalence of RLS is not clear, however, it appears that Asian countries have a lower prevalence of RLS than European and North American countries.[1]


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ohayon MM, O'Hara R, Vitiello MV (2012). "Epidemiology of restless legs syndrome: a synthesis of the literature". Sleep Med Rev. 16 (4): 283–95. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2011.05.002. PMC 3204316. PMID 21795081.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Berger K, Luedemann J, Trenkwalder C, John U, Kessler C (2004). "Sex and the risk of restless legs syndrome in the general population". Arch Intern Med. 164 (2): 196–202. doi:10.1001/archinte.164.2.196. PMID 14744844.
  3. ↑ Alkhazna A, Saeed A, Rashidzada W, Romaker AM (2014). "Racial differences in the prevalence of restless legs syndrome in a primary care setting". Hosp Pract (1995). 42 (3): 131–7. doi:10.3810/hp.2014.08.1127. PMID 25255415.

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