Autoimmune hemolytic anemia classification: Difference between revisions
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{{Autoimmune hemolytic anemia}} | {{Autoimmune hemolytic anemia}} | ||
{{CMG}} '''Assosciate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[User: Prashanthsaddala|Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S]]; {{shyam}} | {{CMG}} '''Assosciate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[User: Prashanthsaddala|Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S]]; {{shyam}}, [[User:Irfan Dotani|Irfan Dotani]] [3] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is classified into 3 broad categories. These include warm-[[antibody]] type, cold-antibody type, and mixed-antibody type. Each category is characterized by a different [[autoantibody]] ([[IgG]] or [[IgM]]) and different optimal binding temperatures (37 degrees Celsius or 4-18 degrees Celsius). Each condition is associated with different triggers, including [[infections]], [[medications]], and [[malignancies]]. The warm-antibody type is the most common, and the mixed-antibody type is rare and not well characterized. | |||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
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Warm-antibody type | Warm-antibody type | ||
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*Accounts for ~ | *Accounts for ~75% of cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia | ||
*Due to IgG | *Due to IgG autoantibody<ref name="pmid23645992">{{cite journal| author=Palla AR, Khimani F, Craig MD| title=Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia with a Direct Antiglobulin Test Positive for C3 and Negative for IgG: A Case Study and Analytical Literature Review of Incidence and Severity. | journal=Clin Med Insights Case Rep | year= 2013 | volume= 6 | issue= | pages= 57-60 | pmid=23645992 | doi=10.4137/CCRep.S11469 | pmc=3623608 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23645992 }} </ref> | ||
*Binding occurs optimally at 37 degrees Celsius | |||
*Extravascular hemolysis (reticuloendothelial system) | *Extravascular hemolysis (reticuloendothelial system) | ||
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*Idiopathic | |||
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] | |||
*[[Evans' syndrome]]<ref name="pmid28292089">{{cite journal| author=Bechir A, Haifa R, Nesrine BS, Emna B, Senda M, Asma A et al.| title=Multiple myeloma associated with an Evan's syndrome. | journal=Pan Afr Med J | year= 2016 | volume= 25 | issue= | pages= 127 | pmid=28292089 | doi=10.11604/pamj.2016.25.127.10750 | pmc=5325491 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28292089 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] | |||
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] | |||
*Drugs ([[methyldopa]]) | |||
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*Accounts for ~25% of cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia | *Accounts for ~25% of cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia | ||
*Due to IgM | *Due to IgM autoantibody | ||
*Binding occurs optimally at 4-18 degrees Celsius | |||
*Intravascular hemolysis | *Intravascular hemolysis | ||
*Recognition by the reticuloendothelial system | *Recognition by the reticuloendothelial system | ||
*Destruction by macrophages | *Destruction by macrophages | ||
* | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | | ||
* | *[[Cold agglutinin disease]]<ref name="pmid24143001">{{cite journal| author=Randen U, Trøen G, Tierens A, Steen C, Warsame A, Beiske K et al.| title=Primary cold agglutinin-associated lymphoproliferative disease: a B-cell lymphoma of the bone marrow distinct from lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. | journal=Haematologica | year= 2014 | volume= 99 | issue= 3 | pages= 497-504 | pmid=24143001 | doi=10.3324/haematol.2013.091702 | pmc=3943313 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24143001 }} </ref> | ||
* | *[[Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria]]<ref name="pmid18747599">{{cite journal| author=Moncrieff RE| title=Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria-1975. | journal=West J Med | year= 1975 | volume= 123 | issue= 6 | pages= 477 | pmid=18747599 | doi= | pmc=1130418 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18747599 }} </ref> | ||
* | *[[Mycoplasma infection]]<ref name="pmid26696800">{{cite journal| author=Packman CH| title=The Clinical Pictures of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia. | journal=Transfus Med Hemother | year= 2015 | volume= 42 | issue= 5 | pages= 317-24 | pmid=26696800 | doi=10.1159/000440656 | pmc=4678314 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26696800 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Malignancy]] | |||
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*Due to IgM subtype | *Due to IgM subtype | ||
*Mixed features | *Mixed features | ||
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*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] | |||
*Various clinical entities | |||
*Generally rare | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:19, 22 May 2018
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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Microchapters |
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Differentiating Autoimmune hemolytic anemia from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Autoimmune hemolytic anemia classification |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Autoimmune hemolytic anemia classification |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Assosciate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Prashanth Saddala M.B.B.S; Shyam Patel [2], Irfan Dotani [3]
Overview
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is classified into 3 broad categories. These include warm-antibody type, cold-antibody type, and mixed-antibody type. Each category is characterized by a different autoantibody (IgG or IgM) and different optimal binding temperatures (37 degrees Celsius or 4-18 degrees Celsius). Each condition is associated with different triggers, including infections, medications, and malignancies. The warm-antibody type is the most common, and the mixed-antibody type is rare and not well characterized.
Classification
| Category | Features | Subtypes |
|---|---|---|
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Warm-antibody type |
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Cold-antibody type |
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Mixed warm-antibody and cold-antibody type |
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References
- ↑ Palla AR, Khimani F, Craig MD (2013). "Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia with a Direct Antiglobulin Test Positive for C3 and Negative for IgG: A Case Study and Analytical Literature Review of Incidence and Severity". Clin Med Insights Case Rep. 6: 57–60. doi:10.4137/CCRep.S11469. PMC 3623608. PMID 23645992.
- ↑ Bechir A, Haifa R, Nesrine BS, Emna B, Senda M, Asma A; et al. (2016). "Multiple myeloma associated with an Evan's syndrome". Pan Afr Med J. 25: 127. doi:10.11604/pamj.2016.25.127.10750. PMC 5325491. PMID 28292089.
- ↑ Randen U, Trøen G, Tierens A, Steen C, Warsame A, Beiske K; et al. (2014). "Primary cold agglutinin-associated lymphoproliferative disease: a B-cell lymphoma of the bone marrow distinct from lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma". Haematologica. 99 (3): 497–504. doi:10.3324/haematol.2013.091702. PMC 3943313. PMID 24143001.
- ↑ Moncrieff RE (1975). "Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria-1975". West J Med. 123 (6): 477. PMC 1130418. PMID 18747599.
- ↑ Packman CH (2015). "The Clinical Pictures of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia". Transfus Med Hemother. 42 (5): 317–24. doi:10.1159/000440656. PMC 4678314. PMID 26696800.