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| {{Infobox_Disease |
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| Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
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| Image = |
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| Caption = |
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| DiseasesDB = 26060 |
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| ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|79|8|r|70}} |
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| ICD9 = {{ICD9|790.6}} |
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| ICDO = |
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| OMIM = |
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| eMedicineSubj = |
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| eMedicineTopic = |
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| MeshID = D053099 |
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| }}
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| {{Search infobox}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| {{Editor Help}}
| | #Redirect [[Acute kidney injury]] |
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| '''Azotemia''' is a medical condition characterized by abnormal levels of [[nitrogen]]-containing compounds, such as [[urea]], [[creatinine]], various body waste compounds, and other [[nitrogen]]-rich compounds in the [[blood]]. The cause is usually insufficient filtering of the blood by the [[kidney]]s.
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| Azotemia can be classified according to its cause. In '''prerenal azotemia''' the blood supply to the [[kidney]]s is inadequate. In '''postrenal azotemia''' the urinary outflow tract is obstructed. Other forms of azotemia are caused by diseases of the [[kidney]]s themselves.
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| Other causes of azotemia include [[congestive heart failure]], [[shock]], severe [[burn]]s, prolonged [[vomiting]] or [[diarrhea]], some antiviral medications, [[liver]] [[failure]], or [[trauma]] to the [[kidney]]s.
| | [[Category:Kidney diseases]] |
| | | [[Category:Organ failure]] |
| [[Uremia]] is a broader term referring to the pathological manifestations of severe azotemia. Azotemia is one of many clinical characteristics of uremia, which is a syndome characteristic of [[renal disease]]. [[Uremia]] includes azotemia, as well as [[acidosis]], [[hyperkalemia]], [[hypertension]], [[anemia]] and [[hypocalcemia]] along with other findings. | | [[Category:Ddx]] |
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| ==Signs and symptoms (prerenal azotemia)==
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| In alphabetical order. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
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| * Decreased or absent urine output
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| * [[Confusion]]
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| * Decreased alertness
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| * [[Dry mouth]]
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| * [[Fatigue]]
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| * [[Orthostatic blood pressure]] (rises or falls, significantly depending on position)
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| * [[Pale skin color]]
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| * [[Rapid pulse]]
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| * [[Thirst]], [[swelling]] ([[edema]], [[anasarca]])
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| A [[urinalysis]] will typically show a decreased urine sodium level, a high urine creatinine-to- serum creatinine ratio, a high urine urea-to-serum urea ratio, and concentrated urine (determined by osmolality and specific gravity). None of these is particularly useful in diagnosis.
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| Prompt treatment of some causes of azotemia can result in restoration of kidney function; delayed treatment may result in permanent loss of renal function. Treatment may include [[hemodialysis]] or peritoneal [[dialysis]], medications to increase cardiac output and increase blood pressure, and the treatment of the condition that caused the azotemia to begin with.
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| == See also ==
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| *[[Kidney failure]]
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| *[[Uremia]]
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| *[[Nephrology]]
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| {{SIB}}
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| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}} | | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
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| [[Category:Kidney diseases]]
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| [[Category:Organ failure]]
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| [[Category:Symptoms]]
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| [[Category:Ddx]]
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| [[de:Azotämie]]
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| [[it:Azotemia]]
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| [[nl:Azotemie]]
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| [[pt:Azotemia]]
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