|
|
| (19 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Infobox_Disease |
| |
| Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
| |
| Image = |
| |
| Caption = |
| |
| DiseasesDB = 26060 |
| |
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|79|8|r|70}} |
| |
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|790.6}} |
| |
| ICDO = |
| |
| OMIM = |
| |
| MedlinePlus = |
| |
| MeshID = D053099 |
| |
| }}
| |
| {{Azotemia}}
| |
| {{CMG}}
| |
|
| |
|
| '''Associate Editor in Chief:''' {{MUT}}
| | #Redirect [[Acute kidney injury]] |
|
| |
|
|
| |
| ==Overview==
| |
| '''Azotemia''' is a medical condition characterized by abnormal levels of [[nitrogen]]-containing compounds, such as [[urea]], [[creatinine]], various body waste compounds, and other [[nitrogen]]-rich compounds in the [[blood]]. The cause is usually insufficient filtering of the blood by the [[kidney]]s.
| |
|
| |
| Azotemia can be classified according to its cause. In '''prerenal azotemia''' the blood supply to the [[kidney]]s is inadequate. In '''postrenal azotemia''' the urinary outflow tract is obstructed. Other forms of azotemia are caused by diseases of the [[kidney]]s themselves.
| |
|
| |
| Other causes of azotemia include [[congestive heart failure]], [[shock]], severe [[burn]]s, prolonged [[vomiting]] or [[diarrhea]], some antiviral medications, [[liver]] [[failure]], or [[trauma]] to the [[kidney]]s.
| |
|
| |
| [[Uremia]] is a broader term referring to the pathological manifestations of severe azotemia. Azotemia is one of many clinical characteristics of uremia, which is a syndome characteristic of [[renal disease]]. [[Uremia]] includes azotemia, as well as [[acidosis]], [[hyperkalemia]], [[hypertension]], [[anemia]] and [[hypocalcemia]] along with other findings.
| |
|
| |
| ==Signs and symptoms (prerenal azotemia)==
| |
|
| |
| In alphabetical order. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
| |
|
| |
| * Decreased or absent urine output
| |
| * [[Confusion]]
| |
| * Decreased alertness
| |
| * [[Dry mouth]]
| |
| * [[Fatigue]]
| |
| * [[Orthostatic blood pressure]] (rises or falls, significantly depending on position)
| |
| * [[Pale skin color]]
| |
| * [[Rapid pulse]]
| |
| * [[Thirst]], [[swelling]] ([[edema]], [[anasarca]])
| |
| A [[urinalysis]] will typically show a decreased urine sodium level, a high urine creatinine-to- serum creatinine ratio, a high urine urea-to-serum urea ratio, and concentrated urine (determined by osmolality and specific gravity). None of these is particularly useful in diagnosis.
| |
|
| |
| Prompt treatment of some causes of azotemia can result in restoration of kidney function; delayed treatment may result in permanent loss of renal function. Treatment may include [[hemodialysis]] or peritoneal [[dialysis]], medications to increase cardiac output and increase blood pressure, and the treatment of the condition that caused the azotemia to begin with.
| |
|
| |
| ==Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Azotemia==
| |
| (In alphabetical order)
| |
|
| |
| *[[Chronic kidney disease]]
| |
| *[[Chronic renal failure]]
| |
| *[[Congestive heart failure]]
| |
| *[[Crescentic glomerulonephritis]]
| |
| *[[Liver failure]]
| |
| *[[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Nephritic syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Nephrotic syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Pentamidine]]
| |
| *[[Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis]]
| |
| *Prolonged vomiting or diarrhea
| |
| *[[Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis]]
| |
| *[[Renovascular Disease]]
| |
| *[[Scleroderma]]
| |
| *Severe burns
| |
| *[[Shock]]
| |
| *[[Trauma]] to the [[kidneys]]
| |
|
| |
| == Related Chapters ==
| |
| *[[Kidney failure]]
| |
| *[[Uremia]]
| |
| *[[Nephrology]]
| |
|
| |
| ==References==
| |
| {{Reflist|2}}
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| | [[Category:Kidney diseases]] |
| | [[Category:Organ failure]] |
| | [[Category:Ddx]] |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}} | | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
|
| |
| [[Category:Kidney diseases]]
| |
| [[Category:Organ failure]]
| |
| [[Category:Symptoms]]
| |
| [[Category:Ddx]]
| |
| [[de:Azotämie]]
| |
| [[it:Azotemia]]
| |
| [[nl:Azotemie]]
| |
| [[pt:Azotemia]]
| |